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Sukontason KL, Sanit S, Limsopatham K, Wannasan A, Somboon P, Sukontason K. Chrysomya pinguis (Walker) (Diptera: Calliphoridae), blow fly of forensic importance: A review of bionomics and forensic entomology appraisal. Acta Trop 2022; 232:106506. [PMID: 35562089 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Role of blow flies as the entomological evidence used in forensic investigations has risen dramatically worldwide. As the diverse habitats of Thailand suitably endowed with biodiversity of insects, blow flies of forensic importance need investigation in their bionomics, which are further applied in forensic investigations. Chrysomya pinguis (Walker, 1858) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) make up one of the most common blow fly species found associated with the human corpses and/or death scenes in several countries of the Asia continent. Given the major species as forensically important, this review is performed by the need for gathering information of C. pinguis from literature search in the future application in the regions where this species exists. This review deals with morphology, current knowledge on bionomics and forensic entomology involvement. Important morphological characteristics of egg, larva, puparium and adult were highlighted with illustration and/or micrographs. Search pertaining to molecular analysis used for fly identification and developmental rate of larvae were included. Furthermore, we outline potential issues and challenges of C. pinguis research that necessitate forensic applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabkaew L Sukontason
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Sangob Sanit
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kwankamol Limsopatham
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Wannasan
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pradya Somboon
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Kom Sukontason
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
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Jeong SJ, Park SH, Park JE, Park SH, Moon TY, Shin SE, Lee JW. Extended model for estimation of ambient temperature for postmortem interval (PMI) in Korea. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 309:110196. [PMID: 32135410 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
One of the most important factors for calculating the accumulated degree days (ADD), which is used to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI) is the accurate estimation of the scene temperature after death. As the estimation method used up to now, they applied to the linear regression analysis using the temperature of the nearest weather station, but the prediction error becomes larger in the case that the ambient temperature do not follow the temperature of the station. In the present study applied we have more accurate methods such as the quadratic regression model and support vector machine (SVM) and have included weather factors such as wind capacity, wind speed and humidity, and regression method. Also, we investigate the optimal statistical method for estimating the ambient temperature in indoor and outdoor locations in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Jin Jeong
- Department of Statistics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyun Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kosin University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Statistics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Park
- Korea Institute for Legal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Young Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kosin University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Eon Shin
- Korea Institute for Legal Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Statistics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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Jang H, Shin SE, Youm KJ, Karagozlu MZ, Kim CB, Ko KS, Park SH. Molecular Identification of Necrophagous Dermestes Species in South Korea Using Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I Nucleotide Sequences (Genus Dermestes). J Forensic Sci 2019; 65:283-287. [PMID: 31436852 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Species identification of necrophagous insects found on a dead body is an essential key in applying medicolegal entomology to the estimation of postmortem interval (PMI). Due to limited morphological identification of insect evidence, several studies have identified species using molecular information such as DNA markers. While considerable cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence data of necrophagous fly species have been collected and annotated, those of necrophagous beetle species have not. Since necrophagous beetles such as Dermestes species have a larval period longer than that of flies, beetles are useful in even the late decomposition phase in estimating minimum PMI. To obtain the full-length COI gene sequences of six Dermestes species collected from South Korea, we designed primers for polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing. The obtained full COI nucleotide sequences were used for performing phylogenic analysis and comparison with previously reported sequences. The results demonstrated that the COI gene sequences could be used to identify forensically important Dermestes species in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari Jang
- Department of Legal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Sang Eon Shin
- Department of Legal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Kyu Jin Youm
- Department of Legal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Mustafa Zafer Karagozlu
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun 2-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03016, Korea
| | - Chang Bae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun 2-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03016, Korea
| | - Kwang Soo Ko
- Department of Legal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
| | - Seong Hwan Park
- Department of Legal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Korea
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SNP Typing Using Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for Species Identification of Forensically Important Blowflies and Fleshflies Collected in South Korea (Diptera: Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae). BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:6762517. [PMID: 30984782 PMCID: PMC6432722 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6762517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Medicolegal entomology—a subfield of forensic entomology—is mainly used in medicolegal investigations to estimate the postmortem interval (PMI). The minimum PMI of a corpse invaded by necrophagous immature insects can be estimated because the PMI is near to or earlier than the oviposition time of the larvae that hatched and fed on the corpse. As the growth speeds of larvae differ depending on temperature and species, species-specific growth data are used to estimate the minimum PMI. While morphological identification of adult necrophagous flies can be done by a well-trained entomologist, identification of larvae is relatively difficult. Larvae can only be identified up to the family level and developmental stage by observing the posterior spiracles. For these reasons, the molecular biology method of DNA barcoding has been developed. DNA barcoding that targets the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene is commonly used. COI sequences are currently acquired using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing, which are too time-consuming and complex for practical use in medicolegal investigations. To compensate for these limitations and facilitate the use of entomology for medicolegal investigation, we designed a multiplex real-time PCR system to identify nineteen forensically important species of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae flies collected in South Korea. In contrast to the Sanger nucleotide sequencing process, this technology only requires a one-step real-time PCR with melt curve analysis of amplicons generated by primers targeting species-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Multiplex real-time PCR was performed for twelve species of Calliphoridae (four reactions) and for seven species of Sarcophagidae (three reactions). This assay is expected to make it easier and faster for investigating authorities to identify major species of necrophagous flies at beginning of investigation and to increase the utilization of entomological evidence in forensic investigations.
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Identification of Forensically Important Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae Species Collected in Korea Using SNaPshot Multiplex System Targeting the Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I Gene. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2953892. [PMID: 29682531 PMCID: PMC5851021 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2953892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Estimation of postmortem interval (PMI) is paramount in modern forensic investigation. After the disappearance of the early postmortem phenomena conventionally used to estimate PMI, entomologic evidence provides important indicators for PMI estimation. The age of the oldest fly larvae or pupae can be estimated to pinpoint the time of oviposition, which is considered the minimum PMI (PMImin). The development rate of insects is usually temperature dependent and species specific. Therefore, species identification is mandatory for PMImin estimation using entomological evidence. The classical morphological identification method cannot be applied when specimens are damaged or have not yet matured. To overcome this limitation, some investigators employ molecular identification using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) nucleotide sequences. The molecular identification method commonly uses Sanger's nucleotide sequencing and molecular phylogeny, which are complex and time consuming and constitute another obstacle for forensic investigators. In this study, instead of using conventional Sanger's nucleotide sequencing, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the COI gene region, which are unique between fly species, were selected and targeted for single-base extension (SBE) technology. These SNPs were genotyped using a SNaPshot® kit. Eleven Calliphoridae and seven Sarcophagidae species were covered. To validate this genotyping, fly DNA samples (103 adults, 84 larvae, and 4 pupae) previously confirmed by DNA barcoding were used. This method worked quickly with minimal DNA, providing a potential alternative to conventional DNA barcoding. Consisting of only a few simple electropherogram peaks, the results were more straightforward compared with those of the conventional DNA barcoding produced by Sanger's nucleotide sequencing.
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Karagozlu MZ, Park SH, Shin SE, Kim CB. Complete mitochondrial DNA analysis of Hydrotaea ignava (Insecta, Diptera, Muscidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2017; 2:825-826. [PMID: 33473998 PMCID: PMC7799932 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1407703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome sequenced and analyzed from a black garbage fly, Hydrotaea ignava which is critically important species for forensic investigations. The size of mitochondrial genome is 17,026 bp with 40.8% A, 11.2% C, 8.2% G and 39.8% T distribution. This is the longest within complete mitochondrial genome records of the Muscidae species. The mitochondrial genome is composed of 13 protein coding, two ribosomal RNA and 22 tRNA genes and a putative control region. Furthermore, phylogenetic relationships of the superfamily Muscoidea evaluated due to mitochondrial protein coding genes. The results showed that the H. ignava placed in the paraphyletic Muscidae family and early diverged from a clade including Muscidae, Anthomyiidae and Scathophagidae species. This is the first complete mitochondrial genome for the genus Hydrotaea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seong Hwan Park
- Department of Legal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Eon Shin
- Department of Legal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Bae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
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Karagozlu MZ, Park SH, Shin SE, Kim CB. Complete mitogenome and phylogenetic analysis of hide beetle Dermestes maculatus (Insecta, Coleoptera, Dermestidae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2017; 2:827-828. [PMID: 33473999 PMCID: PMC7799766 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1407708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of hide beetle Dermestes maculatus which was collected from Seoul, South Korea was sequenced by next-generation sequencing. The size of mitochondrial genome is 17,026 bp that composed of 13 protein coding, two ribosomal RNA and 22 tRNA genes which has the identical gene orientation with the other Bostrichiformia species. Additionally, the phylogenetic tree of the D. maculatus in the infraorder Bostrichiformia was reconstructed by using 13 protein-coding genes of complete mitochondrial genome. The results showed that the family Dermestidae is positioned in the infraorder Bostrichiformia early branched than family Bostrichidae. This study provides the first complete mitochondrial genome from the genus Dermestes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seong Hwan Park
- Department of Legal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Eon Shin
- Department of Legal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Bae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul, Korea
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Bharti M, Singh B. DNA-Based Identification of Forensically Important Blow Flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae) From India. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2017; 54:1151-1156. [PMID: 28419283 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjx084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Correct species identification is the first and the most important criteria in entomological evidence-based postmortem interval (PMI) estimation. Although morphological keys are available for species identification of adult blow flies, keys for immature stages are either lacking or are incomplete. In this study, cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) reference data were developed from nine species (belonging to three subfamilies, namely, Calliphorinae, Luciliinae, and Chrysomyinae) of blow flies from India. Seven of the nine species included in this study were found suitable for DNA-based identification using COI gene, because they showed nonoverlapping intra- (0.0-0.3%) and inter-(1.96-18.14%) specific diversity, and formed well-supported monophyletic clade in phylogenetic analysis. The remaining two species (i.e., Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) and Chrysomya chani Kurahashi) cannot be distinguished reliably using our database because they had a very low interspecific diversity (0.11%), and Ch. megacephala was paraphyletic with respect to Ch. chani in the phylogenetic analysis. We conclude that the COI gene is a useful marker for DNA-based identification of blow flies from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Bharti
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab 147002, India
| | - Baneshwar Singh
- Department of Forensic Science, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284
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