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Kala K, Mallik SK, Shahi N, Pathak R, Sharma P, Chandra S, Patiyal RS, Pande V, Pandey N, Pande A, Pandey PK. Emergence of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida MHJM250: unveiling pathological characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility in golden mahseer, Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) in India. Vet Res Commun 2024:10.1007/s11259-024-10518-6. [PMID: 39269671 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-024-10518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida, designated as laboratory strain MHJM250, was characterized from a naturally infected farmed golden mahseer, Tor putitora. The infected fish exhibited clinical signs of erosion at the caudal fin and hemorrhage onx the ventral body surface. Molecular identification through 16 S rDNA and phylogenetic analysis revealed 100% similarity with a known strain A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida (MT122821.1). MHJM250 exhibited positive reactions for oxidase, catalase, esculin, MR-VP, O/F and utilized arginine and lysine. It also demonstrated siderophore activity, thrived at various NaCl concentrations, hydrolyzed gelatinase, skimmed milk and casinase. In vitro studies exhibited its hemolytic nature, significant biofilm production in glucose-rich tryptone soya broth and beta-hemolysis. MHJM250 didn't produce slime and was non-precipitated upon boiling. It showed crystal violet binding characteristics and auto-agglutination with relatively weak hydrophobicity (25%). In the challenge assay, intraperitoneal administration of MHJM250 to T. pitutora fingerlings at 108 CFU mL-1 resulted in pathogenicity with 3% mortality and mild hemorrhagic symptoms. Histopathological analysis revealed degenerative changes in gill, kidney, liver, muscle, and intestine samples. The bacterium displayed resistance to several antibiotics (µg/disc); ampicillin (10 µg), ampicillin/ sulbactam (10/10 µg), clindamycin (2 µg), linezolid (30 µg), penicillin G (10 µg) and rifampicin (5 µg) and varied minimum inhibitory concentrations against oxytetracycline, erythromycin and florfenicol. Transmission electron microscopy showed its rod-shaped structure with single polar flagellum and lophotrichous flagella. An investigation on the molecular basis for virulence factors of A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida MHJM250 may offer crucial understandings to formulate disease prevention and control strategies in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kala
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Anusandhan Bhavan, Bhimtal, Nainital, 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sumanta Kumar Mallik
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Anusandhan Bhavan, Bhimtal, Nainital, 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neetu Shahi
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Anusandhan Bhavan, Bhimtal, Nainital, 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Richa Pathak
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Anusandhan Bhavan, Bhimtal, Nainital, 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prerna Sharma
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Anusandhan Bhavan, Bhimtal, Nainital, 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Suresh Chandra
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Anusandhan Bhavan, Bhimtal, Nainital, 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - R S Patiyal
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Anusandhan Bhavan, Bhimtal, Nainital, 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Veena Pande
- Department of Biotechnology, Bhimtal Campus, Kumaun University, Bhimtal, Nainital, 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Nityanand Pandey
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Anusandhan Bhavan, Bhimtal, Nainital, 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Pande
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Anusandhan Bhavan, Bhimtal, Nainital, 263 136, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pandey
- ICAR-Directorate of Coldwater Fisheries Research (ICAR-DCFR), Anusandhan Bhavan, Bhimtal, Nainital, 263 136, Uttarakhand, India.
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Sun XN, Wang Q, Wang YF, Tao Y, Zheng CL, Wang MH, Che MY, Cui ZH, Li XL, Zhang Q, Xu MX, Wang S, Nie P, Sun YL. Isolation and identification of vapA-absent Aeromonas salmonicida in diseased snakehead Channa argus in China. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:1137-1150. [PMID: 38062211 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00455-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida is the typical pathogen causing furunculosis, reported widely in salmonids. Because of multiple serotypes, the control of A. salmonicida-caused disease has increasingly received much attention. Recently, A. salmonicida infection was reported in non-salmonid fish species. Here, a pathogenic A. salmonicida, named as As-s, was isolated from cultured snakehead (Channa argus) in a local fish farm in Shandong, China. As-s displayed clear hemolysis, amylase, and positive catalase activities, and grew at a wide range of temperatures (10-37 °C) and pH values (5.5-8.5). As-s was highly sensitive to cefuroxime sodium, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, piperacillin, and cefoperazone and also apparently sensitive to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and 25% cinnamaldehyde. The Virulence array protein gene cloning' results suggested that As-s has this gene compared with the other two vapA-containing strains, despite a close relationship of these strains via phylogenetic analysis. Severe ulcers on skin, muscle, and abnormal liver, and hemorrhage in pectoral/ventral fins and anal region were observed, and exophthalmos were also noticed in infected juvenile snakehead, as well as necrosis and infiltration of blood cells emerged in the internal organs using pathological section. In addition, As-s caused high mortality in snakehead, consistently with its immune gene response. This study reports the first isolation of vapA-absent A. salmonicida in snakehead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Na Sun
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qing Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Fei Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ye Tao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Li Zheng
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Hao Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ming Yue Che
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Hao Cui
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, 315832, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Long Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Meng Xi Xu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Su Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Pin Nie
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Ling Sun
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, 266237, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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Bakiyev S, Smekenov I, Zharkova I, Kobegenova S, Sergaliyev N, Absatirov G, Bissenbaev A. Characterization of atypical pathogenic Aeromonas salmonicida isolated from a diseased Siberian sturgeon ( Acipenser baerii). Heliyon 2023; 9:e17775. [PMID: 37483743 PMCID: PMC10359828 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acipenser baerii (Siberian sturgeon) is native to Kazakhstan and is currently endangered and is listed within the first class of protected animals. Sturgeon aquaculture is becoming an important tool for the recovery of this endangered species. Nonetheless, diseases involving typical symptoms of skin ulceration and systemic bacterial hemorrhagic septicemia have occurred in cultured A. baerii on a fish farm located in Western Kazakhstan. In this study, an infectious strain of bacteria isolated from an ulcer of diseased A. baerii was identified as Aeromonas salmonicida (strain AB001). This identification involved analyses of 16S rRNA, gyrB, rpoD, and flaA genes' sequences. Even though strain AB001 belongs to A. salmonicida, it exhibited noticeable mobility and growth at temperatures of ≥37 °C. Profiling of virulence genes uncovered the presence of seven such genes related to pathogenicity. Antibiotic sensitivity testing showed that the strain is sensitive to aminoglycosides, amphenicols, nitrofurans, quinolones, and tetracyclines. Half-lethal doses (LD50) of strain AB001 for Oreochromis mossambicus and A. baerii were determined: respectively 1.7 × 108 and 7.2 × 107 colony-forming units per mL. The experimentally induced infection revealed that strain AB001 causes considerable histological lesions in O. mossambicus, including tissue degeneration, necrosis, and hemorrhages of varied severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serik Bakiyev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Scientific Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Izat Smekenov
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Scientific Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Irina Zharkova
- Department of Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Saidina Kobegenova
- Department of Biodiversity and Bioresources, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Nurlan Sergaliyev
- Makhambet Utemisov West Kazakhstan University, Uralsk 090000, Kazakhstan
| | - Gaisa Absatirov
- West Kazakhstan Innovation and Technological University, Uralsk 090000, Kazakhstan
| | - Amangeldy Bissenbaev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
- Scientific Research Institute of Biology and Biotechnology Problems, al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
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Lian Z, Bai J, Hu X, Lü A, Sun J, Guo Y, Song Y. Detection and characterization of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection in crucian carp Carassius auratus. Vet Res Commun 2020; 44:61-72. [PMID: 32472344 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-020-09773-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida is one of the most important pathogens in salmonids and non-salmonids species. Nevertheless, very little was reported in cyprinids about A. salmonicida infection. Hence, a pathogenic A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, namely isolate GCA-518, was isolated from diseased crucian carp Carassius auratus. Its optimal growth conditions were at 28 °C, pH 7.0 and 1.5% NaCl. Furthermore, the quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) targeting serine protease (aspA) gene was established for rapid detection of the lowest limit of 5.6 × 102 copies per reaction. The pathogenicity was confirmed in crucian carp by intraperitoneal infection. Histopathologic examination displayed multifocal necrosis and infiltration of inflammatory cells in gill, liver, kidney and intestine. This is the first report on typical A. salmonicida infection in cultured crucian carp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyi Lian
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Jie Bai
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Xiucai Hu
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Aijun Lü
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China.
| | - Jingfeng Sun
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yongjun Guo
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
| | - Yajiao Song
- Tianjin Key Lab of Aqua-Ecology and Aquaculture, College of Fisheries, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, 300384, China
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Recombinant outer membrane protein C of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida, a potential vaccine candidate for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Microb Pathog 2020; 145:104211. [PMID: 32333955 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. masoucida (ASM) is an important bacterial pathogen of salmonid fish, which can cause huge economic losses to the fish farming industry. In order to screen effective vaccine candidate proteins, four outer membrane proteins of ASM, including OmpA, OmpC, OmpK and OmpW, were selected and recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli. The result of western blotting showed that these four recombinant proteins could be recognized by rainbow trout anti-ASM antibodies. The immune protective effects of the four rOMPs were also investigated, and the relative percentage survival (RPS) of rOmpA, rOmpC, rOmpK and rOmpW were 71.1%, 81.6%, 55.3% and 42.1%, respectively. The RPS of rOmpC was significantly higher than the other three rOMPs, so the immune responses of rainbow trout induced by rOmpC were further investigated. The results showed that vaccination with rOmpC could significantly induced the production of specific serum antibodies and proliferation of sIg + lymphocytes in peripheral blood. Meanwhile, RT-qPCR analysis showed that rOmpC could significantly enhance the expression of the MHC-II, TCR, CD4, CD8, IL-8 and IgM genes compared with the BSA immunized group. These results demonstrated that rOmpC could induce strong humoral immune response in rainbow trout and provided effective immune protection against ASM challenge, which indicated that OmpC is a promising vaccine candidate against Aeromonas salmonicida infection.
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Jin S, Fu S, Li R, Dang H, Gao D, Ye S, Jiang Z. Identification and histopathological and pathogenicity analysis of Aeromonas salmonicida salmonicida from goldfish (Carassius auratus) in North China. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2019.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Wamala SP, Mugimba KK, Dubey S, Takele A, Munang'andu HM, Evensen Ø, Mutoloki S, Byarugaba DK, Sørum H. Multilocus sequence analysis revealed a high genotypic diversity of Aeromonas hydrophila infecting fish in Uganda. JOURNAL OF FISH DISEASES 2018; 41:1589-1600. [PMID: 30074242 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was carried out to delineate Aeromonas hydrophila from fish in Uganda. Five housekeeping genes including recA, gyrB, metG, gltA and pps; and the 16S rRNA gene were amplified and sequenced from a total of nine A. hydrophila isolates. The obtained sequences were edited, and consensus sequences generated for each gene locus. The housekeeping gene sequences were concatenated and phylogenetic analysis performed in MEGA version 7.0.2. Pairwise distances ranged from 0.000 to 0.118, highest within the gltA gene locus and lowest within the 16S rRNA gene. The average evolutionary diversity within isolates from the same source ranged between 0.002 and 0.037, and it was 0.033 between the different sources. Similar tree topologies were obtained from the different gene loci with recA, metG and gyrB being more consistent in discriminating isolates according to sources while the 16S rRNA gene had the lowest resolution. The concatenated tree had the highest discriminatory power. This study revealed that A. hydrophila strains infecting fish in Uganda are of diverse genotypes suggesting different sources of infection in a given outbreak. Efforts to minimize spread of the bacteria across sources should be emphasized to control infections of mixed genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Posian Wamala
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Kizito Kahoza Mugimba
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Saurabh Dubey
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Abayneh Takele
- National Veterinary Institute, Bishoftu, Ethiopia
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | | | - Øystein Evensen
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen Mutoloki
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Denis Karuhize Byarugaba
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Henning Sørum
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Menanteau-Ledouble S, Kumar G, Saleh M, El-Matbouli M. Aeromonas salmonicida: updates on an old acquaintance. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2016; 120:49-68. [PMID: 27304870 DOI: 10.3354/dao03006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas salmonicida is the oldest known infectious agent to be linked to fish disease and constitutes a major bacterial pathogen of fish, in particular of salmonids. This bacterium can be found almost worldwide in both marine and freshwater environments and has been divided into several sub-species. In this review, we present the most recent developments concerning our understanding of this pathogen, including how the characterization of new isolates from non-salmonid hosts suggests a more nuanced picture of the importance of the so‑called 'atypical isolates'. We also describe the clinical presentation regarding the infection across several fish species and discuss what is known about the virulence of A. salmonicida and, in particular, the role that the type 3 secretion system might play in suppressing the immune response of its hosts. Finally, isolates have displayed varied levels of antibiotic resistance. Hence, we review a number of solutions that have been developed both to prevent outbreaks and to treat them once they occur, including the application of pre- and probiotic supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Menanteau-Ledouble
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
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