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Nosková E, Modrý D, Baláž V, Červená B, Jirků-Pomajbíková K, Zechmeisterová K, Leowski C, Petrželková KJ, Pšenková I, Vodička R, Kessler SE, Ngoubangoye B, Setchell JM, Pafčo B. Identification of potentially zoonotic parasites in captive orangutans and semi-captive mandrills: Phylogeny and morphological comparison. Am J Primatol 2023; 85:e23475. [PMID: 36776131 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.23475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Cysts and trophozoites of vestibuliferid ciliates and larvae of Strongyloides were found in fecal samples from captive orangutans Pongo pygmaeus and P. abelii from Czech and Slovak zoological gardens. As comparative material, ciliates from semi-captive mandrills Mandrillus sphinx from Gabon were included in the study. Phylogenetic analysis of the detected vestibuliferid ciliates using ITS1-5.8s-rRNA-ITS2 and partial 18S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid (rDNA) revealed that the ciliates from orangutans are conspecific with Balantioides coli lineage A, while the ciliates from mandrills clustered with Buxtonella-like ciliates from other primates. Morphological examination of the cysts and trophozoites using light microscopy did not reveal differences robust enough to identify the genera of the ciliates. Phylogenetic analysis of detected L1 larvae of Strongyloides using partial cox1 revealed Strongyloides stercoralis clustering within the cox1 lineage A infecting dogs, humans, and other primates. The sequences of 18S rDNA support these results. As both B. coli and S. stercoralis are zoonotic parasites and the conditions in captive and semi-captive settings may facilitate transmission to humans, prophylactic measures should reflect the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Nosková
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Modrý
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources/CINeZ, Czech University of Life Sciences , Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Vojtech Baláž
- Department of Ecology and Diseases of Zoo Animals, Game, Fish and Bees, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Červená
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Clotilde Leowski
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klára J Petrželková
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
- Liberec Zoo, Liberec, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Sharon E Kessler
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Barthélémy Ngoubangoye
- Centre de Primatologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Department of Anthropology, and Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Joanna M Setchell
- Centre de Primatologie, Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Department of Anthropology, and Behaviour, Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Barbora Pafčo
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
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2
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Sinayitutse E, Modry D, Slapeta J, Nyiramana A, Mudakikwa A, Muvunyi R, Eckardt W. Daily defecation outputs of mountain gorillas (Gorilla beringei beringei) in the Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. Primates 2020; 62:311-320. [PMID: 33221967 DOI: 10.1007/s10329-020-00874-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing population density can increase infectious disease risk and thus reduce population growth and size. Host-parasite interactions of threatened animals that remain in small protected forest fragments therefore need to be monitored carefully. Due to extreme conservation efforts, the mountain gorilla (Gorilla beringei beringei) population in the 450-km2 Virunga Massif has more than doubled since 1973, reaching 604 individuals in 2016. To better understand changes in the transmission risks of soil-borne and other enteric pathogens for mountain gorillas, we determined defecation outputs of different age-sex classes and the diurnal variation in feces deposition. We weighed 399 wet fecal samples deposited at nest sites and on trails between nest sites by gorillas of varying age and sex, determined by lobe diameter, from five social groups (n = 58 gorillas) that range in the Volcanoes National Park, Rwanda. We found increasing daily average defecation outputs with increasing age-sex class (infants, 435 g; juveniles, 1346 g; medium-sized gorillas, 2446 g; silverbacks, 3609 g). Gorillas deposited two- to threefold the amount of feces at nest sites compared to on trails, suggesting that nest sites may function as hotspots for enteric pathogen infections through direct contact or when gorillas ingest foods contaminated with infectious larvae during site revisits in intervals matching the maturation period of environmentally transmitted gastrointestinal parasites. In combination with ranging and demographic data, these findings will enable the modeling of spatiotemporal variation in soil contamination and infectious disease risk for Virunga gorillas as their population density continues to increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Sinayitutse
- The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International, 800 Cherokee Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, 30315, USA.
- The University of Rwanda, Butare, Huye, Rwanda.
| | - David Modry
- Department of Pathology and Parasitology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackéhotřida 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
- University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno, Palackéhotřida 1946/1, 612 42, Brno, Czech Republic
- Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Branišovská 1160/31, 370, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Slapeta
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | | | - Antoine Mudakikwa
- Department of Tourism and Conservation, Rwanda Development Board, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Richard Muvunyi
- Department of Tourism and Conservation, Rwanda Development Board, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Winnie Eckardt
- The Dian Fossey Gorilla Fund International, 800 Cherokee Ave SE, Atlanta, GA, 30315, USA
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3
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Ahmed A, Ijaz M, Ayyub RM, Ghaffar A, Ghauri HN, Aziz MU, Ali S, Altaf M, Awais M, Naveed M, Nawab Y, Javed MU. Balantidium coli in domestic animals: An emerging protozoan pathogen of zoonotic significance. Acta Trop 2020; 203:105298. [PMID: 31837314 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Balantidium coli (B. coli) is an emerging ciliated protozoan parasite of zoonotic importance which causes a disease balantidiasis in a variety of host species including pigs, camels, ruminants, equines and even human. This disease has a cosmopolitan distribution with high prevalence rates in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world due to favorable geo-climatic conditions for the development and survival of the parasite in these regions. Main reservoir hosts for this pathogen are pigs and animals; acquire infection mainly by the ingestion of the food or water contaminated with the porcine feces. The infected animal manifests clinical signs of anorexia, dehydration, profuse watery diarrhea and retarded growth. Wet mount slide prepared from intestinal scrapings and fecal material is used for the identification of trophozoites and cysts stages of this parasite. PCR can also be used to confirm the parasite. Secnidazole, oxytetracycline and metronidazole have varying efficacy against B. coli infection in various domestic animal species. There is no comprehensive literature available on the occurrence and distribution of the infection at international level. Therefore, the published data between 1989 and 2019 regarding this disease is critically analyzed to provide a detailed overview on this pathogen with special emphasis on geographical distribution of B. coli in domestic animals and different therapeutic agents used to treat this infection. This review will pinpoint the endemic regions which may be a source of potential disease outbreaks and will also help in application of more effectual control strategies against balantidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Rana Muhammad Ayyub
- Department of Economics and Business Management, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Awais Ghaffar
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Nayyar Ghauri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Aziz
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Sadaqat Ali
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Altaf
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Parasitology, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Javed
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
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Ghimire TR, Bhattarai N. A survey of gastrointestinal parasites of goats in a goat market in Kathmandu, Nepal. J Parasit Dis 2019; 43:686-695. [PMID: 31749541 PMCID: PMC6841857 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-019-01148-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) parasites in goats are predominant around the world. They may be the underlying cause of the pathological and immunological consequences leading to significant economic losses of the goat industry. The main aim of the current research was to reveal the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites, including protozoa, trematodes, and nematodes in the fecal samples of goats in the goat market in Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 400 goat fecal specimens were purposively collected from the goat market, and they were processed by direct wet mount, sedimentation, floatation techniques, and acid-fast staining, and were observed under the compound microscope. Out of a total 400 fecal samples, 349 (87.25%) were found to be infected with GI parasites among which Eimeria (80.75%), Strongyle (59.25%), Trichuris (29.75%), Strongyloides (28.75%), Moniezia (21.75%), Entamoeba (20%), Fasciola (10.25%), Balantidium (7.75%), Cryptosporidium (4%), Capillaria (1.75%), Trichomonas (1.25%), Ascaris (1.0%), Cyclospora (1%), Blastocystis (0.75%), Giardia (0.5%), and Paramphistomum (0.5%) were reported. GI parasites like protozoa and helminthes were widely distributed in the goats brought for the meat purposes in Kathmandu Valley, showing a high proportion of the goats were having higher risks of morbidity and mortality around the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tirth Raj Ghimire
- Animal Research Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology (NAST), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Namita Bhattarai
- Biotechnology Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
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5
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Noorpisheh Ghadimi S, Abedini MR, Sarkari B, Savardashtaki A, Mikaeili F. Neobalantidium coli: First molecular identification from the Eurasian wild boar, Sus Scrofa in Bushehr Province, Southwestern Iran. Vet Med Sci 2019; 6:142-146. [PMID: 31650710 PMCID: PMC7036306 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Balantidium coli is a common parasite of pig and wild boars (Sus scrofa) which can infect humans and several species of mammals. This study aimed to determine the genotype of Balantidium isolated from Eurasian wild boars in Bushehr province, Southwestern Iran. Twenty-five faecal samples, originating from 25 wild boars captivated in our previous study, were processed. DNA was extracted from the faecal samples and PCR-amplified, targeting an ITS1-5.8s-rRNA-ITS2 region of Balantidium genome. PCR product was purified from the gel, and sequenced. BLAST analysis was performed in order to compare our isolates with other previously reported ones. A phylogenetic tree was constructed, using MegaX software, to find out the phylogenetic diversity of the isolates. With PCR it was possible to detect Balantidium DNA in the faecal samples of 13 out of 25 (52%) of the wild boars. BLAST analysis of seven isolates revealed that the isolates belong to the newly introduced genus Neobalantidium coli. Sequences of three isolates were deposited in the GenBank. Moreover, molecular analysis revealed six areas of nucleotide differences within the isolates and nine areas of difference between the sequences obtained in this study and those available in the GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the sequences of isolates of this study have up to 2.2% dissimilarity from those published in the GenBank. The findings of this study, for the first time, revealed that some of the isolates of Balantidium originating from wild boars in Southwestern Iran belonged to the N. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsi Noorpisheh Ghadimi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Abedini
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Bahador Sarkari
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.,Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Savardashtaki
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fattaneh Mikaeili
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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6
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Canington
- Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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7
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Hermosilla C, Hirzmann J, Silva LMR, Brotons JM, Cerdà M, Prenger-Berninghoff E, Ewers C, Taubert A. Occurrence of anthropozoonotic parasitic infections and faecal microbes in free-ranging sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) from the Mediterranean Sea. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:2531-2541. [PMID: 29858939 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-5942-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) are the largest toothed whales and only living member of family Physeteridae. Present survey represents first report on cultivable faecal microbes and gastrointestinal helminths and protozoans infecting free-ranging sperm whales inhabiting Mediterranean Sea waters surrounding Balearic Archipelago, Spain. Twenty-five individual sperm whale scat samples, including one calf, were collected without disturbance of animals during the summer of 2016. Parasitological diagnostic methods, such as sodium acetate acetic formalin (SAF) method, carbol fuchsin-stained faecal smears, Giardia/Cryptosporidium coproantigen ELISAs and an Anisakis-specific PCR were applied for further identification. Five bacterial genera, i.e. Acinetobacter, Clostridium, Enterococcus, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus, and one fungus namely Cladosporium were identified. Parasitological infections included seven different parasite species with some of them bearing anthropozoonotic potential. Thus, four of these parasites were zoonotic, i.e. Anisakis, Balantidium, Diphyllobothriidae gen. sp. and Giardia. Additionally, Zalophotrema curilensis eggs, spirurid-like eggs and Cystoisospora-like oocysts were identified. Molecular characterization identified Anisakis physeteris as the species infecting these whales. This survey provides first records on occurrence of two zoonotic enteropathogenic protozoan parasites (Giardia and Balantidium) and of facultative pathogenic bacteria (Clostridium and Enterococcus) in sperm whales. Presented data should be considered as a baseline study for future monitoring surveys on anthropozoonotic pathogens affecting free-living sperm whale populations and enhance investigations on possible impact on public health as well as on isolated Mediterranean sperm whale subpopulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - J Hirzmann
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - L M R Silva
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - J M Brotons
- Tursiops Association, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - M Cerdà
- Tursiops Association, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - E Prenger-Berninghoff
- Institute for Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - C Ewers
- Institute for Hygiene and Infectious Diseases of Animals, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - A Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Centre Seltersberg (BFS), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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McGrath K, El‐Zaatari S, Guatelli‐Steinberg D, Stanton MA, Reid DJ, Stoinski TS, Cranfield MR, Mudakikwa A, McFarlin SC. Quantifying linear enamel hypoplasia in Virunga Mountain gorillas and other great apes. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2018; 166:337-352. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kate McGrath
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of AnthropologyThe George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052
| | - Sireen El‐Zaatari
- Department of Paleoanthropology, Senckenberg Center for Human Evolution and PaleoenvironmentEberhard Karls Universität TübingenTübingen 72070 Germany
| | | | - Margaret A. Stanton
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of AnthropologyThe George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052
| | - Donald J. Reid
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of AnthropologyThe George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052
| | | | - Michael R. Cranfield
- Mountain Gorilla Veterinary ProjectUniversity of California at Davis California 95616
| | - Antoine Mudakikwa
- Department of Tourism and ConservationRwanda Development BoardKigali Rwanda
| | - Shannon C. McFarlin
- Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, Department of AnthropologyThe George Washington UniversityWashington DC 20052
- Division of MammalsNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashington DC 20560
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9
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da Silva Barbosa A, Ponce-Gordo F, Dib LV, Antunes Uchôa CM, Bastos OMP, Pissinatti A, Amendoeira MRR. First molecular characterization of Balantioides coli (Malmsten, 1857) isolates maintained in vitro culture and from feces of captive animals, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2017; 10:102-113. [PMID: 31014580 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2017.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Ciliate protozoa of the genus Balantioides can parasitize a variety of animals. The morphology of the evolutionary forms of the parasite and the host species affected have long been the only characteristics used to taxonomically identify the species of these protozoa, but these variables are not very precise. To confirm species identity, molecular biology tools are currently used. In this context, this study aimed to analyze protozoan isolates maintained in culture medium and from fecal samples from captive animals in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, by means of molecular tools. Forty isolates maintained in Pavlova modified medium (30 were isolated from feces of pigs and 10 from feces of cynomolgus macaques) were analyzed. In addition, 34 fecal samples (8 from pigs, 8 from cynomolgus macaques and 18 from rhesus macaques) containing Balantioides coli-like cysts were analyzed. All samples were subjected to DNA extraction and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify the fragment ITS1 - 5.8s rRNA - ITS2, and the PCR products were purified and sequenced. All samples (100%) presented sequences that were grouped in the Balantioides coli cluster. The type A0 variant predominated. These sequences were 96% to 99% identical to those deposited in GenBank, including a B. coli sequence that had been obtained from human fecal material in Bolivia. It seems that the culturing system did not select variants, because this variant was also seen in the amplified sequences of fecal samples containing cysts. The isolate sequences in the cultures showed few ambiguities and substitutions, thus generating reliable chromatograms. This was the first study to identify B. coli in captive animals in Brazil, through molecular biology. In addition, it was the first to evaluate a large panel of isolates of the parasite through culturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alynne da Silva Barbosa
- Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; Setor de Parasitologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Professor Hernani de Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24.210-130, Brazil.
| | - Francisco Ponce-Gordo
- Departamento de Parasitología, Facultat de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laís Verdan Dib
- Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil; Setor de Parasitologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Professor Hernani de Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24.210-130, Brazil
| | - Claudia M Antunes Uchôa
- Setor de Parasitologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Professor Hernani de Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24.210-130, Brazil
| | - Otilio Machado Pereira Bastos
- Setor de Parasitologia, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Professor Hernani de Mello Street, São Domingos, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro 24.210-130, Brazil
| | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro - CPRJ/INEA, RJ, Estrada do Paraíso, s/n, Guapimirim, Rio de Janeiro 25949-840, Brazil; Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos - UNIFESO, Av. Alberto Torres, 111, Alto, Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro 25964-000, Brazil
| | - Maria Regina Reis Amendoeira
- Laboratório de Toxoplasmose e outras Protozooses, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Av. Brasil 4365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro 21045-900, Brazil
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10
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Anthropozoonotic Endoparasites in Free-Ranging "Urban" South American Sea Lions (Otaria flavescens). J Vet Med 2016; 2016:7507145. [PMID: 27051860 PMCID: PMC4804068 DOI: 10.1155/2016/7507145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study represents the first report on the gastrointestinal endoparasite fauna of a free-ranging "urban" colony of South American sea lions (Otaria flavescens) living within the city of Valdivia, Chile. A total of 40 individual faecal samples of South American sea lions were collected during the year 2012 within their natural habitat along the river Calle-Calle and in the local fish market of Valdivia. Coprological analyses applying sodium acetate acetic formalin methanol (SAF) technique, carbol fuchsin-stained faecal smears and Giardia/Cryptosporidium coproantigen ELISAs, revealed infections with 8 different parasites belonging to protozoan and metazoan taxa with some of them bearing anthropozoonotic potential. Thus, five of these parasites were zoonotic (Diphyllobothriidae gen. sp., Anisakidae gen. sp., Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Balantidium). Overall, these parasitological findings included four new parasite records for Otaria flavescens, that is, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, Balantidium, and Otostrongylus. The current data serve as a baseline for future monitoring studies on anthropozoonotic parasites circulating in these marine mammals and their potential impact on public health.
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11
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Hermosilla C, Silva LMR, Kleinertz S, Prieto R, Silva MA, Taubert A. Endoparasite survey of free-swimming baleen whales (Balaenoptera musculus, B. physalus, B. borealis) and sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) using non/minimally invasive methods. Parasitol Res 2015; 115:889-96. [PMID: 26593736 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A number of parasitic diseases have gained importance as neozoan opportunistic infections in the marine environment. Here, we report on the gastrointestinal endoparasite fauna of three baleen whale species and one toothed whale: blue (Balaenoptera musculus), fin (Balaenoptera physalus), and sei whales (Balaenoptera borealis) and sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) from the Azores Islands, Portugal. In total, 17 individual whale fecal samples [n = 10 (B. physalus); n = 4 (P. macrocephalus); n = 2 (B. musculus); n = 1 (B. borealis)] were collected from free-swimming animals as part of ongoing studies on behavioral ecology. Furthermore, skin biopsies were collected from sperm whales (n = 5) using minimally invasive biopsy darting and tested for the presence of Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, and Besnoitia besnoiti DNA via PCR. Overall, more than ten taxa were detected in whale fecal samples. Within protozoan parasites, Entamoeba spp. occurred most frequently (64.7%), followed by Giardia spp. (17.6%) and Balantidium spp. (5.9%). The most prevalent metazoan parasites were Ascaridida indet. spp. (41.2%), followed by trematodes (17.7%), acanthocephalan spp., strongyles (11.8%), Diphyllobotrium spp. (5.9%), and spirurids (5.9%). Helminths were mainly found in sperm whales, while enteric protozoan parasites were exclusively detected in baleen whales, which might be related to dietary differences. No T. gondii, N. caninum, or B. besnoiti DNA was detected in any skin sample. This is the first record on Giardia and Balantidium infections in large baleen whales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Hermosilla
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Liliana M R Silva
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sonja Kleinertz
- Aquaculture and Sea-Ranching, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Rostock, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rui Prieto
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre and IMAR-Institute of Marine Research, University of the Azores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal
| | - Monica A Silva
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre and IMAR-Institute of Marine Research, University of the Azores, 9901-862, Horta, Portugal.,Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, 02543, USA
| | - Anja Taubert
- Institute of Parasitology, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Schubertstr. 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
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