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He L, Zhang Y, Jia Y, Li Z, Li J, Shang K, Ding K, Yu H, Sarker S. A novel pathogenic avipoxvirus infecting oriental turtle dove ( Streptopelia orientalis) in China shows a high genomic and evolutionary proximity with the pigeon avipoxviruses isolated globally. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0119323. [PMID: 37750697 PMCID: PMC10581063 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01193-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Avipoxviruses are considered as significant viral pathogen infecting a wide range of domestic and wild bird species globally, yet the majority of avipoxviruses that infect the wild bird species remain uncharacterized and their genetic diversities remain unclear. In this study, we present a novel pathogenic avipoxvirus isolated from the cutaneous pox lesions of a wild oriental turtle dove (Streptopelia orientalis), tentatively named as turtle dovepox virus (TDPV). The avipoxvirus was isolated by using the chorioallantoic membranes of specific pathogen-free chicken embryos which showed characteristic focal pock lesions, followed by cytopathic effects in host cells infected with oriental turtle dovepox virus. An effort in sequencing the whole genome of the poxvirus using next-generation sequencing was given, and the first whole genome sequence of TDPV was obtained. The TDPV genome was 281,386 bp in length and contained 380 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). While 336 of the predicted ORFs showed homology to other characterized avipoxviruses, the other 44 ORFs were unique. Subsequent phylogenetic analyses showed that the novel TDPV shared the closest genetic evolutionary linkage with the avipoxviruses isolated from pigeon in South Africa and India, of which the TDPV genome had the highest sequence similarity (92.5%) with South African pigeonpox virus (FeP2). In conclusion, the sequenced TDPV is significantly different from any other avipoxviruses isolated from avian or other natural host species considering genomic architecture and observed sequence similarity index. Thus, it likely should be considered a separate species. IMPORTANCE Over the past few decades, avipoxviruses have been found in a number of wild bird species including the oriental turtle dove. However, there is no whole genome sequence information on avipoxviruses isolated from oriental turtle dove, leaving us unclear about the evolutionary linkage of avipoxviruses in oriental turtle dove and other wild bird species. Thus, we believe that our study makes a significant contribution because it is the first report of the whole genome sequence of TDPV isolated from a wild oriental turtle dove, which enriches the genomic information of the genus Avipoxvirus, furthermore, contributes to tracking the genetic evolution of avipoxviruses-infected oriental turtle dove species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei He
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Yanyan Jia
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Zedian Li
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Jing Li
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ke Shang
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Ke Ding
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Haotong Yu
- The Key Lab of Animal Disease and Public Health /Luoyang Key Laboratory of Live Carrier Biomaterial and Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Subir Sarker
- Biomedical Sciences & Molecular Biology, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Detection and molecular characterization of Avipoxvirus in Culex spp. (Culicidae) captured in domestic areas in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13496. [PMID: 35931728 PMCID: PMC9355968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17745-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pox is a highly contagious poultry disease that causes significant economic losses. Mosquitoes belonging to the genus Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) have a fundamental role in disseminating Avipoxvirus (Poxviridae). This study proposes investigating the presence of Avipoxvirus (APV) DNA in Culex spp. from Rio de Janeiro to determine its frequency and perform a phylogenetic analysis based on the core like the 4b protein (p4b) gene. The detection of APVs was conducted individually on four hundred Culex spp. mosquitoes. A total of 12.23% (47/384) of the Culex spp. were positive in the PCR. Sequencing the p4b gene revealed that this study’s sequences displayed 98.8–99% identity with Fowlpoxvirus (FWPW) sequences available in GenBank. In the phylogenetic analysis, these APVs were clustered in the A1 subclade together with FWPW sequences from several countries. The evolutionary distance of the p4b gene was 0.61 ± 0.21% in rural areas and 0.38 ± 0.16% in peri-urban areas. The current investigation is the first study to report the detection of APVs in field-caught mosquitoes. Moreover, a high frequency of APV DNA was observed in Culex spp. captured in domestic areas, where backyard poultry is present. This data demonstrates the importance of implementing control measures for Culex spp. to mitigate the transmission of APVs in backyard poultry in Rio de Janeiro.
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Bertelloni F, Ceccherelli R, Marzoni M, Poli A, Ebani VV. Molecular Detection of Avipoxvirus in Wild Birds in Central Italy. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12030338. [PMID: 35158662 PMCID: PMC8833646 DOI: 10.3390/ani12030338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Avipoxviruses (APVs) are responsible for diseases in domestic and wild birds. Currently, the disease in domestic animals is under control in many Countries by biosafety and vaccination. In wild birds, small disease events are frequently reported worldwide, but large outbreaks are generally rare. Nevertheless, some aspects of the epidemiology of these viruses are still unclear. In this study, we explored, through molecular investigations, the diffusion of APVs among wild birds, of different orders and species, without typical macroscopic lesions. A high percentage (43.33%) of positive specimens was detected, suggesting high diffusion of the viruses and a possible role of avian wildlife as a reservoir. Aquatic birds, mainly Anseriformes, were more often infected, probably in relation to the environment where they live; in fact, APVs are frequently transmitted by mosquitos, particularly abundant in humid areas. Abstract Avipoxviruses (APVs) are important pathogens of both domestic and wild birds. The associated disease is characterized by skin proliferative lesions in the cutaneous form or by lesions of the first digestive and respiratory tracts in the diphtheritic form. Previous studies investigated these infections in symptomatic wild birds worldwide, including Italy, but data about the circulation of APVs in healthy avian wildlife are not available. The present study tested spleen samples from 300 wild birds without typical lesions to detect Avipoxvirus DNA. Overall, 43.33% of the samples scored positive. Aquatic birds were more frequently infected (55.42%) than other animals (26.40%), and in Anseriformes, high positivity was found (52.87%). The obtained results suggest that wild birds could be asymptomatic carriers of Avipoxviruses, opening new possible epidemiological scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bertelloni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.M.); (A.P.)
| | | | - Margherita Marzoni
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Poli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Valentina Virginia Ebani
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, Viale delle Piagge 2, 56124 Pisa, Italy; (F.B.); (M.M.); (A.P.)
- Centre for Climate Change Impact, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Kim MS, Kim HC, Bellis GA, Chong ST, Kim HS, Klein TA. Seasonal Abundance of Culicoides at Yongsan US Army Garrison (USAG) and Camp Humphreys USAG, Republic of Korea, 2010-2013 and 2014-2017. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2021; 59:273-280. [PMID: 34218599 PMCID: PMC8255496 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2021.59.3.273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Biting midges (Culicoides: Ceratopogonidae) were collected using New Jersey light traps at Yongsan US Army Garrison (USAG;urban), Seoul Metropolitan city and Camp Humphreys USAG (rural), Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-do (province), Republic of Korea, from May-October 2010–2013 and 2015–2017, to determine species composition and seasonal distribution patterns in urban and rural habitats. A total of 9,958 female (53.85%) and 8,533 male (46.15%) Culicoides comprising 16 species were collected. Overall, the most commonly collected species was Culicoides arakawae (74.3%), followed by C. circumscriptus (16.2%), C. kibunensis (2.5%), C. nasuensis (2.2%), C. clavipalpis (1.4%), and C. pallidulus (1.3%), while the remaining 10 species accounted for <2.1% of all Culicoides spp. collected. The 2 predominant species collected were C. circumscriptus (47.4%) and C. arakawae (33.4%) at Yongsan, and C. arakawae (90.4%) and C. circumscriptus (3.9%) at Camp Humphreys. The seasonal abundance of these 2 species varied between years and between sites but on average peaked in August–September for C. arakawae and June–July for C. circumscriptus. Annual variations in abundance were observed for most species collected during this study. Unusually high proportions of male specimens were observed for most species at both sites which may be due to the use of the New Jersey trap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Soon Kim
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96271-5281, USA
| | - Heung Chul Kim
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96271-5281, USA
| | - Glenn A Bellis
- Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Sung-Tae Chong
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96271-5281, USA
| | - Hyo-Sung Kim
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, APO AP 96271-5247, USA
| | - Terry A Klein
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, APO AP 96271-5281, USA
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Abstract
Avian pox is a widespread infection in birds caused by genus Avipoxvirus pathogens. It is a noteworthy, potentially lethal disease to wild and domestic hosts. It can produce two different conditions: cutaneous pox, and diphtheritic pox. Here, we carry out an exhaustive review of all cases of avian pox reported from wild birds to analyze the effect and distribution in different avian species. Avian poxvirus strains have been detected in at least 374 wild bird species, a 60% increase on a 1999 review on avian pox hosts. We also analyze epizootic cases and if this disease contributes to wild bird population declines. We frequently observe very high prevalence in wild birds in remote island groups, e.g., Hawaii, Galapagos, etc., representing a major risk for the conservation of their unique endemic avifauna. However, the difference in prevalence between islands and continents is not significant given the few available studies. Morbidity and mortality can also be very high in captive birds, due to high population densities. However, despite the importance of the disease, the current detection rate of new Avipoxvirus strains suggests that diversity is incomplete for this group, and more research is needed to clarify its real extent, particularly in wild birds.
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Yeo G, Wang Y, Chong SM, Humaidi M, Lim XF, Mailepessov D, Chan S, How CB, Lin YN, Huangfu T, Fernandez CJ, Hapuarachchi HC, Yap G. Characterization of Fowlpox virus in chickens and bird-biting mosquitoes: a molecular approach to investigating Avipoxvirus transmission. J Gen Virol 2019; 100:838-850. [PMID: 30907721 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pox is a highly contagious avian disease, yet relatively little is known about the epidemiology and transmission of Avipoxviruses. Using a molecular approach, we report evidence for a potential link between birds and field-caught mosquitoes in the transmission of Fowlpox virus (FWPV) in Singapore. Comparison of fpv167 (P4b), fpv126 (VLTF-1), fpv175-176 (A11R-A12L) and fpv140 (H3L) gene sequences revealed close relatedness between FWPV strains obtained from cutaneous lesions of a chicken and four pools of Culex pseudovishnui, Culex spp. (vishnui group) and Coquellitidea crassipes caught in the vicinity of the study site. Chicken-derived viruses characterized during two separate infections two years later were also identical to those detected in the first event, suggesting repeated transmission of closely related FWPV strains in the locality. Since the study location is home to resident and migratory birds, we postulated that wild birds could be the source of FWPV and that bird-biting mosquitoes could act as bridging mechanical vectors. Therefore, we determined whether the FWPV-positive mosquito pools (n=4) were positive for avian DNA using a polymerase chain reaction-sequencing assay. Our findings confirmed the presence of avian host DNA in all mosquito pools, suggesting a role for Cx. pseudovishnui, Culex spp. (vishnui group) and Cq. crassipes mosquitoes in FWPV transmission. Our study exemplifies the utilization of molecular tools to understand transmission networks of pathogens affecting avian populations, which has important implications for the design of effective control measures to minimize disease burden and economic loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Yeo
- 1Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Yifan Wang
- 2Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore, Animal and Plant Health Centre, 6, Perahu Road, Singapore 718827, Singapore
| | - Shin Min Chong
- 2Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore, Animal and Plant Health Centre, 6, Perahu Road, Singapore 718827, Singapore
| | - Mahathir Humaidi
- 1Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Xiao Fang Lim
- 1Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667, Singapore.,†Present address: Duke-NUS Medical School, 8, College Road, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Diyar Mailepessov
- 1Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Sharon Chan
- 3Sungei Buloh Wetlands Reserve, National Parks Board, 301, Neo Tiew Cresent, 301, Neo Tiew Cresent, Singapore 718925, Singapore.,‡Present address: Conservation Division, Central Nature Reserve, National Parks Board, 6, Island Club Road, Singapore 578775, Singapore
| | - Choon Beng How
- 3Sungei Buloh Wetlands Reserve, National Parks Board, 301, Neo Tiew Cresent, 301, Neo Tiew Cresent, Singapore 718925, Singapore
| | - Yueh Nuo Lin
- 2Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore, Animal and Plant Health Centre, 6, Perahu Road, Singapore 718827, Singapore
| | - Taoqi Huangfu
- 2Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore, Animal and Plant Health Centre, 6, Perahu Road, Singapore 718827, Singapore
| | - Charlene Judith Fernandez
- 2Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore, Animal and Plant Health Centre, 6, Perahu Road, Singapore 718827, Singapore
| | | | - Grace Yap
- 1Environmental Health Institute, National Environment Agency, 11, Biopolis Way, #06-05-08, Singapore 138667, Singapore.,§Present address: Control of Operations Branch 2, National Environment Agency, 40, Scotts Road, Singapore 228231, Singapore
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Isolation and characterization of 89 SNP markers in the oriental turtle dove, Streptopelia orientalis. CONSERV GENET RESOUR 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12686-019-01083-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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