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Jiang H, Kimura Y, Inoue S, Li C, Hatakeyama J, Wakayama M, Takamura D, Moriyama H. Effects of different exercise modes and intensities on cognitive performance, adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity in mice. Exp Brain Res 2024; 242:1709-1719. [PMID: 38806710 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-024-06854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Exercise can induce beneficial improvements in cognition. However, the effects of different modes and intensities of exercise have yet to be explored in detail. This study aimed to identify the effects of different exercise modes (aerobic and resistance) and intensities (low and high) on cognitive performance, adult hippocampal neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in mice. A total of 40 C57BL/6J mice were randomised into 5 groups (n = 8 mice per group): control, low-intensity aerobic exercise, high-intensity aerobic exercise, low-intensity resistance exercise, and high-intensity resistance exercise. The aerobic exercise groups underwent treadmill training, while the resistance exercise groups underwent ladder climbing training. At the end of the exercise period, cognitive performance was assessed by the Y-maze and Barnes maze. In addition, adult hippocampal neurogenesis was evaluated immunohistochemically by 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)/ neuronal nuclei (NeuN) co-labeling. The levels of synaptic plasticity-related proteins in the hippocampus, including synaptophysin (SYP) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95), were analyzed by western blotting. Our results showed no significant differences in cognitive performance among the groups. However, high-intensity aerobic exercise significantly increased hippocampal adult neurogenesis relative to the control. A trend towards increased adult neurogenesis was observed in the low-intensity aerobic group compared to the control group. No significant changes in synaptic plasticity were observed among all groups. Our results indicate that high-intensity aerobic exercise may be the most potent stimulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlin Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kimura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Shota Inoue
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Changxin Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zun Yi, China
| | - Junpei Hatakeyama
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masahiro Wakayama
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takamura
- Department of Rehabilitation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideki Moriyama
- Life and Medical Sciences Area, Health Sciences Discipline, Kobe University, Tomogaoka 7-10-2, Suma-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 654-0142, Japan.
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Rahmati M, Kazemi A. Various exercise intensities differentially regulate GAP-43 and CAP-1 expression in the rat hippocampus. Gene 2019; 692:185-194. [PMID: 30682386 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exercise intensity is known to affect neuroplasticity. Although corticosterone and lactate levels have been linked to neuroplasticity, the effect of different endurance exercise intensity-dependent production of these biochemicals on the behaviour of hippocampal growth cone markers remains incompletely explored. Here, we investigated the effects of three different endurance treadmill training episodes for six weeks on GAP-43 and CAP-1 expression in the hippocampus of adult male Wistar rats. Our findings showed that mild exercise intensity (MEI) with a lactate production slightly higher than the lactate threshold (LT) is the optimal form of physical activity for elevating GAP-43 without changing CAP-1 expression. It was further observed that high exercise intensity (HEI) with the highest level of corticosterone and lactate production, reduced GAP-43 expression, yet increased CAP-1 expression in the hippocampus. Like HEI, we further identified similar expression patterns for these markers in low exercise intensity (LEI) with blood lactate production below LT and corticosterone level similar to MEI. The findings suggested that in high-intensity exercise, the negative pattern of hippocampal neuroplasticity depends on both corticosterone and lactate levels, whereas in low-intensity exercise, the most important factor determining this negative pattern is the lactate level. Generally, MEI with a lactate production of slightly higher than LT is the most optimal intensity for improving hippocampal neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | - Abdolreza Kazemi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Vali E Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, Iran
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Swift-Gallant A, Duarte-Guterman P, Hamson DK, Ibrahim M, Monks DA, Galea LAM. Neural androgen receptors affect the number of surviving new neurones in the adult dentate gyrus of male mice. J Neuroendocrinol 2018; 30:e12578. [PMID: 29411916 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis occurs in many mammalian species. In rats, the survival of new neurones within the hippocampus is modulated by the action of androgen via the androgen receptor (AR); however, it is not known whether this holds true in mice. Furthermore, the evidence is mixed regarding whether androgens act in neural tissue or via peripheral non-neural targets to promote new neurone survival in the hippocampus. We evaluated whether the action of androgen via AR underlies the survival of new neurones in mice, and investigated whether increasing AR selectively in neural tissue would increase new neurone survival in the hippocampus. We used the cre-loxP system to overexpress AR only in neural tissues (Nestin-AR). These males were compared with wild-type males, as well as control males with 1 of the 2 mutations required for overexpression. Mice were gonadectomised and injected with the DNA synthesis marker, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and for 37 days (following BrdU injection), mice were treated with oil or dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Using immunohistochemistry, proliferation (Ki67) and survival (BrdU) of new neurones were both evaluated in the dorsal and ventral dentate gyrus. Dihydrotestosterone treatment increased the survival of new neurones in the entire hippocampus in wild-type mice and control mice that only have 1 of 2 necessary mutations for transgenic expression. However, DHT treatment did not increase the survival of new neurones in mice that overexpressed AR in neural tissue. Cell proliferation (Ki67) and cell death (pyknotic cells) were not affected by DHT treatment in wild-type or transgenic males. These results suggest that androgens act via neural AR to affect hippocampal neurogenesis by promoting cell survival; however, the relationship between androgen dose and new neurone survival is nonlinear.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Swift-Gallant
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - P Duarte-Guterman
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D K Hamson
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - M Ibrahim
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - D A Monks
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Mississauga, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L A M Galea
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health and Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Exercise training rescues high fat diet-induced neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex of mice. Nitric Oxide 2017; 66:71-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Nishijima T, Kita I. Deleterious effects of physical inactivity on the hippocampus: New insight into the increasing prevalence of stress-related depression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.7600/jpfsm.4.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Nishijima
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University
| | - Ichiro Kita
- Laboratory of Behavioral Physiology, Graduate School of Human Health Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University
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