La técnica de impregnación argéntica de Golgi. Conmemoración del centenario del premio nobel de Medicina (1906) compartido por Camillo Golgi y Santiago Ramón y Cajal

Camillo Golgi's Impact on Malaria Studies

Camillo Golgi was an esteemed Italian physician and biologist who made major advances in malaria research between the late 19th and early 20th centuries. His groundbreaking contributions in histology, especially through the development of the Golgi staining technique, revolutionized our understanding of cell structures-including Plasmodium parasites-through visualization. Golgi staining also allowed researchers to observe its complex life cycle while documenting it. His careful observations of malaria led to the identification and characterization of its various stages, both asexual forms within human red blood cells, as well as sexual forms carried by mosquito vectors. Golgi's research highlighted the key role mosquitoes play in malaria transmission. He demonstrated the presence of Plasmodium sporozoites within the salivary glands of infected mosquitoes, providing insight into its life cycle and the dynamics of parasite transmission. His comprehensive approach contributed significantly to our understanding of malaria as a systemic illness, leading to subsequent research efforts within this field. The Golgi Protein complex is often located within the cis-Golgi of blood parasite life cycles and mosquito stages, indicating its possible role in optimizing asexual development during blood stages. Furthermore, its expression can be conditionally repressed or its gene can be inactivated to optimize this potential role in improving its functionality for optimizing sexual development during blood stages. Camillo Golgi remains one of the leading lights of malaria research today. His innovative staining techniques, detailed observations, and insightful interpretations have laid the groundwork for subsequent discoveries and advancements in malaria studies. By deciphering intricate parasite life cycle interactions with hosts, his work has provided invaluable insights into malaria biology, pathogenesis, and epidemiology.

Camillo Golgi (1843-1926): scientist extraordinaire and pioneer figure of modern neurology

Camillo Golgi was an extraordinary scientist whose contributions in the domain of neuroanatomy proved to be critical for emergence of neuroscience as a sovereign scientific discipline. Golgi's invention of the Black Reaction (La reazione nera) was a watershed event as it allowed remarkable visualization of the organizational pattern of elements of nervous system among complex puzzle of close knit interconnections. Till this time thin filamentary extensions of neural cells (axon and dendrites) could not be visualized with available staining techniques because of their slender and transparent nature. However invention of Black Reaction and its subsequent application demystified the basic architecture of brain tissue which was now visible to the scholars in all its complexity in microscopic studies. Golgi is also credited with the discovery of two types of sensory receptors in muscle tendons: Golgi tendon organ and Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles. Golgi was the first to be successful in staining myelin component of axon, which he used to discover the myelin annular apparatus. He identified the complete life cycle of Plasmodium (malarial parasite) in human erythrocytes. His research on histological details of human kidney highlighted the existence of juxtaglomerular apparatus. Later on Spanish scientist Santiago Ramón y Cajal, based on the use of Golgi's Staining (Black Reaction) documented the morphologic details of nervous system in a more refined manner, which eventually led to the emergence of Neuron Doctrine. In recognition of their exemplary contributions in neuroscience Golgi and Cajal were jointly awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1906.

Physicochemical mechanisms of histological silver staining and their utilization for rendering individual silver methods selective and reliable

Staining morphological or chemical constituents of biological tissues, cells and microorganisms with silver proceeds via different reaction routes. In this paper, I put their physicochemical mechanisms into a coherent system and discuss how these can be controlled and separated from each other, thereby permitting selective, sensitive and reliable demonstration of individual tissue constituents.