Consumo de tabaco en cinco ciudades de Colombia, Encuesta Mundial de Tabaquismo en Jóvenes, 2007

Utilization Patterns and Trends in the Use of Medications for Asthma in a Cohort of Colombian Patients

Purpose

Asthma affects approximately 358 million people worldwide. This study aimed to determine the trend for the use of medications intended to treat asthma in a group of patients affiliated with the Colombian health system.

Patients and Methods

This was a retrospective study on prescription patterns of medications used to treat asthma in patients over 5 years of age between 2017 and 2019. Sociodemographic variables, medications used and combinations, the persistence of use, and prescribing physicians were considered. Data were obtained from a drug-dispensing database from Colombia.

Results

A total of 10,706 people diagnosed with asthma were identified, including predominantly females (56.8%), with a mean age of 32.2 ± 26.1 years. At the beginning of the follow-up, 53.2% of patients aged 5–11 years were receiving monotherapy, with a mean of 1.5 ± 0.6 drugs/patient, especially inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs; 55.9%) and short-acting β-agonists (SABAs; 55.6%). Moreover, in patients older than 12 years, 53.5% were treated with monotherapy, with a mean of 1.6 ± 0.7 drugs/patient, 45.9% of whom were on SABAs, while 37.1% were on ICSs. Between 63.0% and 83.6% of patients were treated by a general practitioner. 12.5% of patients (n = 495) received triple therapy (ICS/LABA + LAMA [long-acting antimuscarinic]), particularly fluticasone/salmeterol + tiotropium.

Conclusion

The identification of treatment patterns will allow physicians and decision makers to implement strategies in order to promote adherence to treatment and improve asthma medication use.

Prevalence and potential factors associated with tobacco consumption in schooled adolescents

Objective: This study estimates the prevalence in tobacco consumption and the associated factors in adolescents at official educational institutions in the municipality of Palmira. Methods: This was a crosss-sectional analysis with an analytical component, including 205 high school students from six official schools. The analysis was performed through the SPSS statistics software version 24. Qualitative variables were expressed as ratios with their corrsponding 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Quantitative variables were expressed as central tendency and dispersion measures, depending on the distribution of the variable. Finally, an odds ratio was calculated for the associated factors with a 95 % CI and the binary logistic regression model statistical model was used to adjust the variables. Results: The tobacco consumption’s overall prevalence was 38.5%, CI 95 % (31.6–45.4 %); e-cigarette, 20 %, 95 % CI (14.2–25.7 %); cigarette, 18.5 %, 95 % CI (12.9–24.1 %) and hookah, 17.9 %, 95 % CI (12.1–23 %), with a greater incidence in women than men. The resulting associated factors were age (OR 3.17, CI 95 % [1.48–6.79]), a partner who smokes (OR 2.51, 95 % CI (1.36–4.63 %), friends who smoke (OR 7.0, 95 % CI [3.4–14.5]), and the possibility of buying individual cigarettes instead of a pack (OR 2.60, 95 % CI (1.26–5.3). Conclusions: Smoking habit’s overall prevalence is higher than the one reported in adolescents. Female subjects reported greater and more frequent consumption of e-cigarettes.

Factores asociados a la susceptibilidad al consumo de cigarrillo en escolares de 10 y 11 años en Cartagena, Colombia

Objetivo Determinar los factores asociados a la susceptibilidad al consumo de cigarrillo en escolares de 10 y 11 años  de sexto grado de la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia.Método Se realizó un estudio analítico observacional transversal, con una muestra no probabilística por conveniencia de 289 escolares de 10 y 11 años de sexto grado de colegios públicos de Cartagena, Colombia. La información se recolectó a través de la ficha demográfica, el inventario de consumo de cigarrillo y actitudes frente al mismo de la Encuesta Mundial Sobre Tabaquismo en jóvenes (Emta_Joven), escala de susceptibilidad a la persuasión hacia el consumo, la escala Apgar familiar, Rosenberg para autoestima y la escala de Zung de ansiedad.Resultados participaron 289 estudiantes, media para la edad 10,9 (DE=0,25); 157 (54,3%) fueron mujeres y 132 (45,7%) fueron hombres. La frecuencia de experimentación con cigarrillo alguna vez en la vida fue 20 (6,9%) y la alta susceptibilidad al consumo de cigarrillo fue 61 (21,1%). Los factores que se asociaron a alta susceptibilidad a la persuasión para consumo de cigarrillo fueron: ser del sexo masculino (OR de 2,81;  IC95%: 1,56-5,08), disfunción familiar (OR: 2,29; IC95%: 1,23-4,24) y haber fumado alguna vez en la vida (OR: 3,41; IC95%: 1,34- 8,67).Conclusiones  la susceptibilidad al consumo de cigarrillo en estudiantes de sexto grado se asoció a ser del género masculino, la disfuncionalidad familiar y haber fumado alguna vez en la vida.

Variables Associated with the Onset of Cigarette Smoking Among Adolescent Public Middle-School Students in Cartagena, Colombia

Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y las variables asociadas al inicio del consumo de cigarrillo en adolescentes de media vocacional de Cartagena, Colombia. Materiales y método: estudio analítico observacional transversal con 1.100 estudiantes de básica secundaria de las instituciones educativas oficiales de la ciudad de Cartagena, matriculados durante el año 2012; la información se recolectó a través de la ficha demográfica, el inventario de consumo de cigarrillo y actitudes frente al mismo de la Encuesta Mundial Sobre Tabaquismo en jóvenes (Emta_Joven), la escala Apgar familiar, Rosenberg para autoestima y la escala de Zung de ansiedad. Se realizó análisis estadístico univariado, bivariado y multivariado. Resultados: participaron 1.090 estudiantes (de los 1.100 fueron descartados 10 por estar mal diligenciados) con edades entre 10 y 18 años, media = 12,3; 565 (51,8 %) estudiantes fueron de sexo masculino y 525 (48,2 %) de sexo femenino. El consumo de cigarrillo alguna vez en la vida se asoció a edades entre 13 y 18 años (OR = 2,86; IC95 %: 1,96-4,18), ser de sexo masculino (OR = 2,40; IC95 %: 1,63-3,56) y a alta intención de consumo de sustancias (cigarrillo, alcohol y marihuana) (OR = 3,18; IC95 %: 2,18-4,64). Conclusión: el consumo de cigarrillo alguna vez en la vida en estudiantes de media vocacional de Cartagena, Colombia, se asoció a tener alta intención de consumo de sustancias, ser adolescente y ser de sexo masculino.