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Karakaya O, Kilimci ZH. An efficient consolidation of word embedding and deep learning techniques for classifying anticancer peptides: FastText+BiLSTM. PeerJ Comput Sci 2024; 10:e1831. [PMID: 38435607 PMCID: PMC10909209 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Anticancer peptides (ACPs) are a group of peptides that exhibit antineoplastic properties. The utilization of ACPs in cancer prevention can present a viable substitute for conventional cancer therapeutics, as they possess a higher degree of selectivity and safety. Recent scientific advancements generate an interest in peptide-based therapies which offer the advantage of efficiently treating intended cells without negatively impacting normal cells. However, as the number of peptide sequences continues to increase rapidly, developing a reliable and precise prediction model becomes a challenging task. In this work, our motivation is to advance an efficient model for categorizing anticancer peptides employing the consolidation of word embedding and deep learning models. First, Word2Vec, GloVe, FastText, One-Hot-Encoding approaches are evaluated as embedding techniques for the purpose of extracting peptide sequences. Then, the output of embedding models are fed into deep learning approaches CNN, LSTM, BiLSTM. To demonstrate the contribution of proposed framework, extensive experiments are carried on widely-used datasets in the literature, ACPs250 and independent. Experiment results show the usage of proposed model enhances classification accuracy when compared to the state-of-the-art studies. The proposed combination, FastText+BiLSTM, exhibits 92.50% of accuracy for ACPs250 dataset, and 96.15% of accuracy for the Independent dataset, thence determining new state-of-the-art.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onur Karakaya
- Research and Development Inc., Turkcell Technology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Hilal Kilimci
- Department of Information Systems Engineering, Kocaeli University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Sharma P, Gangadharappa M. Detection of multiple anomalous instances in video surveillance systems. JOURNAL OF INTELLIGENT & FUZZY SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-221925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Anomalous event recognition has a complicated definition in the complex background due to the sparse occurrence of anomalies. In this paper, we form a framework for classifying multiple anomalies present in video frames that happen in a context such as the sudden moment of people in various directions and anomalous vehicles in the pedestrian park. An attention U-net model on video frames is utilized to create a binary segmented anomalous image that classifies each anomalous object in the video. White pixels indicate the anomaly, and black pixels serve as the background image. For better segmentation, we have assigned a border to every anomalous object in a binary image. Further to distinguish each anomaly a watershed algorithm is utilized that develops multi-level gray image masks for every anomalous class. This forms a multi-class problem, where each anomalous instance is represented by a different gray color level. We use pixel values, Optical Intensity, entropy values, and Gaussian filter with sigma 5, and 7 to form a feature extraction module for training video images along with their multi-instance gray-level masks. Pixel-level localization and identification of unusual items are done using the feature vectors acquired from the feature extraction module and multi-class stack classifier model. The proposed methodology is evaluated on UCSD Ped1, Ped2 and UMN datasets that obtain pixel-level average accuracy results of 81.15%,87.26% and 82.67% respectively.
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Halder K, Chaudhuri A, Abdin MZ, Majee M, Datta A. Chromatin-Based Transcriptional Reprogramming in Plants under Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:1449. [PMID: 35684223 PMCID: PMC9182740 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants' stress response machinery is characterized by an intricate network of signaling cascades that receive and transmit environmental cues and ultimately trigger transcriptional reprogramming. The family of epigenetic regulators that are the key players in the stress-induced signaling cascade comprise of chromatin remodelers, histone modifiers, DNA modifiers and regulatory non-coding RNAs. Changes in the histone modification and DNA methylation lead to major alterations in the expression level and pattern of stress-responsive genes to adjust with abiotic stress conditions namely heat, cold, drought and salinity. The spotlight of this review falls primarily on the chromatin restructuring under severe abiotic stresses, crosstalk between epigenetic regulators along with a brief discussion on stress priming in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koushik Halder
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.H.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
- Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Abira Chaudhuri
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.H.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Malik Z. Abdin
- Centre for Transgenic Plant Development, Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Manoj Majee
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.H.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Asis Datta
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India; (K.H.); (A.C.); (M.M.)
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Galitsyna AA, Gelfand MS. Single-cell Hi-C data analysis: safety in numbers. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:bbab316. [PMID: 34406348 PMCID: PMC8575028 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decade, genome-wide assays for chromatin interactions in single cells have enabled the study of individual nuclei at unprecedented resolution and throughput. Current chromosome conformation capture techniques survey contacts for up to tens of thousands of individual cells, improving our understanding of genome function in 3D. However, these methods recover a small fraction of all contacts in single cells, requiring specialised processing of sparse interactome data. In this review, we highlight recent advances in methods for the interpretation of single-cell genomic contacts. After discussing the strengths and limitations of these methods, we outline frontiers for future development in this rapidly moving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra A Galitsyna
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russia
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, RAS, Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Gene Biology, RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail S Gelfand
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Skolkovo, Russia
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, RAS, Moscow, Russia
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Alzubaidi L, Zhang J, Humaidi AJ, Al-Dujaili A, Duan Y, Al-Shamma O, Santamaría J, Fadhel MA, Al-Amidie M, Farhan L. Review of deep learning: concepts, CNN architectures, challenges, applications, future directions. JOURNAL OF BIG DATA 2021; 8:53. [PMID: 33816053 PMCID: PMC8010506 DOI: 10.1186/s40537-021-00444-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 729] [Impact Index Per Article: 243.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, the deep learning (DL) computing paradigm has been deemed the Gold Standard in the machine learning (ML) community. Moreover, it has gradually become the most widely used computational approach in the field of ML, thus achieving outstanding results on several complex cognitive tasks, matching or even beating those provided by human performance. One of the benefits of DL is the ability to learn massive amounts of data. The DL field has grown fast in the last few years and it has been extensively used to successfully address a wide range of traditional applications. More importantly, DL has outperformed well-known ML techniques in many domains, e.g., cybersecurity, natural language processing, bioinformatics, robotics and control, and medical information processing, among many others. Despite it has been contributed several works reviewing the State-of-the-Art on DL, all of them only tackled one aspect of the DL, which leads to an overall lack of knowledge about it. Therefore, in this contribution, we propose using a more holistic approach in order to provide a more suitable starting point from which to develop a full understanding of DL. Specifically, this review attempts to provide a more comprehensive survey of the most important aspects of DL and including those enhancements recently added to the field. In particular, this paper outlines the importance of DL, presents the types of DL techniques and networks. It then presents convolutional neural networks (CNNs) which the most utilized DL network type and describes the development of CNNs architectures together with their main features, e.g., starting with the AlexNet network and closing with the High-Resolution network (HR.Net). Finally, we further present the challenges and suggested solutions to help researchers understand the existing research gaps. It is followed by a list of the major DL applications. Computational tools including FPGA, GPU, and CPU are summarized along with a description of their influence on DL. The paper ends with the evolution matrix, benchmark datasets, and summary and conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laith Alzubaidi
- School of Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
- AlNidhal Campus, University of Information Technology & Communications, Baghdad, 10001 Iraq
| | - Jinglan Zhang
- School of Computer Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia
| | - Amjad J. Humaidi
- Control and Systems Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, 10001 Iraq
| | - Ayad Al-Dujaili
- Electrical Engineering Technical College, Middle Technical University, Baghdad, 10001 Iraq
| | - Ye Duan
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Omran Al-Shamma
- AlNidhal Campus, University of Information Technology & Communications, Baghdad, 10001 Iraq
| | - J. Santamaría
- Department of Computer Science, University of Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Mohammed A. Fadhel
- College of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Sumer, Thi Qar, 64005 Iraq
| | - Muthana Al-Amidie
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211 USA
| | - Laith Farhan
- School of Engineering, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, M1 5GD UK
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