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Xu L, Tang G, Wu D, Han Y, Zhang J. Effects of tillage and maturity stage on the yield, nutritive composition, and silage fermentation quality of whole-crop wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1357442. [PMID: 38606069 PMCID: PMC11008282 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1357442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Whole-crop wheat (Triticum aestivum, WCW) has a high nutritional value and digestibility. No-tillage (NT) can reduces energy and labor inputs in the agricultural production process, thus decreasing production costs. There are many studies on planting techniques of WCW at present, few being on no-tillage planting. This study aimed to compare the effects of different tillage methods and maturity stages on the yield, nutritive value, and silage fermentation quality of WCW. The experiment included two tillage methods (NT; conventional tillage, CT), two maturity stages (flowering stage; milk stage), and three years (2016-2017; 2017-2018; 2018-2019). Years had a strong influence on the yield and nutritional composition of WCW. This was mainly related to the amount of rainfall, as it affects the seedling emergence rate of wheat. Although tillage methods showed no significant effects on the yield, plant height, and stem number per plant of WCW (P > 0.05), compared to CT, the dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) yields of NT decreased by 0.74 t/ha and 0.13 t/ha. Tillage methods showed no significant effects on the nutritive composition of WCW (P > 0.05). The WCW at the milk stage had greater DM (5.25 t/ha) and CP (0.60 t/ha) yields than that at the flowering stage (3.19 t/ha and 0.39 t/ha) (P< 0.05). The acid detergent fiber concentration of WCW decreased by 34.5% from the flowering to the milk stage, whereas water-soluble carbohydrates concentration increased by 50.6%. The CP concentration at the milk stage was lower than that at the flowering stage (P< 0.05). The lactic acid concentration of NT (17.1 g/kg DM) silage was lower than that of CT (26.6 g/kg DM) silage (P< 0.05). The WCW silage at the milk stage had a lower NH3-N concentration (125 g/kg TN) than that at the flowering stage (169 g/kg TN) (P< 0.05). Wheat sown by NT and CT was of similar yield and nutritional value, irrespective of harvest stages. WCW harvested at the milk stage had greater yield and better nutritional composition and silage fermentation quality than that at the flowering stage. Based upon the results of the membership function analysis, no-tillage sowing of wheat was feasible and harvesting at milk stage was recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxing Xu
- Department of Grassland Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, China
| | - Guojian Tang
- Department of Grassland Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Liupanshui Normal University, Liupanshui, China
| | - Dan Wu
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, China
| | - Yan Han
- College of Agronomy and Life Sciences, Zhaotong University, Zhaotong, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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Xian Y, Cai G, Lin J, Chen Y, Wang X. Comparison of crop productivity, economic benefit and environmental footprints among diversified multi-cropping systems in South China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162407. [PMID: 36858234 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Diversified multi-cropping system with high productivity and low environmental costs is crucial for the development of sustainable agriculture in different regions. However, the information on this practice has still been limited in the South China. This study compared different diversified multi-cropping systems including peanut-rice-fallow (P-R-F), peanut-rice-ryegrass (P-R-R), soybean-rice-ryegrass (S-R-R), feed corn-rice-milk vetch (FC-R-M), sweet corn-rice-milk vetch (SC-R-M) and zucchini -rice-milk vetch (Z-R-M), with the conventional double-rice system (CK). A newly proposed agricultural environmental footprint index (EFI) framework was introduced to quantify the comprehensive environmental costs of different systems. Results indicated that the annual productivities of P-R-R and FC-R-M rotation systems significantly increased by 39.91 % and 25.06 %, respectively, compared to the CK. The economic benefits of P-R-R and FC-R-M were 53.71 % and 16.67 % higher than the CK, respectively, with significant differences. The EFIs based on unit farmland area, crop productivity and economic benefit of the P-R-R and FC-R-M systems were 17.07 %-40.68 % lower than the CK, respectively, showing the lower environmental costs. Therefore, the P-R-R and FC-R-M were recommended as alternatives of double-rice cropping in the South China. In addition, the results indicated that the fertilization and irrigation practices were the key points for improving the rotation systems. This study provided valuable information for the transition of rice-based cropping system in South China. It was also a reference for the development of sustainable agriculture in the world's subtropical agricultural system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanran Xian
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Guangyuan Cai
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Jiajun Lin
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- College of Agriculture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Tao Z, Jing Z, Tao M, Chen R. Recycled utilization of ryegrass litter in constructed wetland coupled microbial fuel cell for carbon-limited wastewater treatment. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 302:134882. [PMID: 35551945 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
To solve wetland plant litter disposal and improve the nitrogen removal of carbon-limited wastewater, the integration of microbial fuel cell (MFC) and recycled utilization of ryegrass litter planted in constructed wetland (CW) may be effective. CW and MFC-CW with periodical ryegrass litter addition (10 days one cycle) were constructed to study the effects of ryegrass litter on nitrogen removal, electricity production and microorganism community. The results showed that total nitrogen removal of CW and MFC-CW after ryegrass litter addition reached 80.54 ± 10.99% and 81.94 ± 7.30%, increased by 22.19% and 17.50%, respectively. Three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy results revealed that the soluble organic matters produced by the hydrolyzed ryegrass litter were mainly tryptophan, tyrosine and fulvic acid, which promoted the growth of microorganisms and denitrification. The dosage of 200 g m-2 did not cause the rise of refractory organic matter in the effluent. The ryegrass litter addition promoted the average voltage and power density slightly in MFC-CW, but the internal resistance also increased temporarily. Compared to the sole CW, current stimulation caused by MFC not only helped to increase the denitrification, but also accelerated the biomass hydrolysis. MFC could contribute to the enrichment and growth of functional microorganisms related to denitrification and organic degradation, such as Vogesella, Devosia, Thermomonas and Brevibacterium. The bacterial genera involved in the ryegrass litter degradation were mainly Thermomonas, Propionicimonas, TM7a, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 and so on. This study provided a promising way for practical applications of MFC-CW in the treatment of carbon-limited wastewater, especially in small ecological facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkai Tao
- College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zhaoqian Jing
- College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Mengni Tao
- College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Renjie Chen
- College of Civil Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
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Bo PT, Dong Y, Zhang R, Soe Htet MN, Hai J. Optimization of Alfalfa-Based Mixed Cropping with Winter Wheat and Ryegrass in Terms of Forage Yield and Quality Traits. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11131752. [PMID: 35807706 PMCID: PMC9269676 DOI: 10.3390/plants11131752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forage has a significant association with animal nutrition because it is an essential part of milk and meat production in the livestock industry. Thus, for the production of high-quality forage, cereal–legume mixed cropping is an efficient method for meat and milk production in the livestock sector. In a two-year experiment between 2020 and 2021, the forage yield, nutritional compositions, amino acid profile, and forage quality were evaluated in the mixed cropping of winter wheat and ryegrass with alfalfa. In this study, a split-plot design with a randomized block design was employed with three sampling replicates. Cultivars were harvested at three maturity stages, namely, flowering, milk, and soft dough, depending on the wheat growth stage. The experimental results show that wheat 2 (Baomai 9)–alfalfa and ryegrass–alfalfa mixed cropping produced higher fresh biomass output than mono-cropping of wheat and ryegrass harvested at the flowering stage. Furthermore, the dry matter (DM) percentage range increased from 20.18% to 36.39%. By contrast, crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber were higher at the flowering stage than at other harvesting stages with DM values of 14.28%, 34.12%, 55.06%, and 32.55%, respectively. Ryegrass–alfalfa mixing yielded higher values of mineral compositions, and T5 (Baomai 9–alfalfa) generally achieved more extraordinary amino acid compositions. The results demonstrate that wheat and ryegrass with alfalfa mixed cropping, and harvesting at the flowering period produces high-quality forage. Additionally, mixed cropping with alfalfa remarkably affected forage quality parameters, while mixed cropping of wheat cultivar 2 (Baomai 9) and alfalfa obtained the highest dry matter intake, digestible dry matter, relative feed value, total digestible nutrient, relative forage quality, and quality index values of 2.56, 68.54, 136.49, 60.50, 127.41, and 1.69, respectively. Thus, the mixed-cropping of wheat and ryegrass with alfalfa forage is recommended for its maximized quality forage production and nutritional values in livestock feedstuff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poe Thinzar Bo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System in Northwestern Loess Plateau, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (P.T.B.); (Y.D.); (R.Z.); (M.N.S.H.)
| | - Yongli Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System in Northwestern Loess Plateau, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (P.T.B.); (Y.D.); (R.Z.); (M.N.S.H.)
| | - Ruifang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System in Northwestern Loess Plateau, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (P.T.B.); (Y.D.); (R.Z.); (M.N.S.H.)
| | - Maw Ni Soe Htet
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System in Northwestern Loess Plateau, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (P.T.B.); (Y.D.); (R.Z.); (M.N.S.H.)
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China
- Rice Bio-Park Research Section, Post-Harvest Technology and Food Science Research Division, Department of Agricultural Research, Yezin, Zayarthiri Township, Nay Pyi Taw 15013, Myanmar
| | - Jiangbo Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Farming System in Northwestern Loess Plateau, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China; (P.T.B.); (Y.D.); (R.Z.); (M.N.S.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-133-8922-1092
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