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Shah B, Hassan MA, Xie B, Wu K, Naveed H, Yan M, Dietrich CH, Duan Y. Mitogenomic Analysis and Phylogenetic Implications for the Deltocephaline Tribe Chiasmini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae). INSECTS 2024; 15:253. [PMID: 38667383 PMCID: PMC11050438 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The grassland leafhopper tribe Chiasmini (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) presently comprises 324 described species worldwide, with the highest species diversity occurring in the Nearctic region but a greater diversity of genera occurring in the Old World. In China, this tribe comprises 39 described species in 11 genera, but the fauna remains understudied. The complete mitogenomes of three species of this tribe have been sequenced previously. In order to better understand the phylogenetic position of Chiasmini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae and to investigate relationships among Chiasmini genera and species, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitogenomes of 13 species belonging to seven genera from China. Comparison of the newly sequenced mitogenomes reveals a closed circular double-stranded structure containing 37 genes with a total length of 14,805 to 16,269 bp and a variable number of non-coding A + T-rich regions. The gene size, gene order, gene arrangement, base composition, codon usage, and secondary structure of tRNAs of the newly sequenced mitogenomes of these 13 species are highly conserved in Chiasmini. The ATN codon is commonly used as the start codon in protein-coding genes (PCGs), except for ND5 in Doratura sp. and ATP6 in Nephotettix nigropictus, which use the rare GTG start codon. Most protein-coding genes have TAA or TAG as the stop codon, but some genes have an incomplete T stop codon. Except for the tRNA for serine (trnS1(AGN)), the secondary structure of the other 21 tRNAs is a typical cloverleaf structure. In addition to the primary type of G-U mismatch, five other types of tRNA mismatches were observed: A-A, A-C, A-G, U-C, and U-U. Chiasmini mitochondrial genomes exhibit gene overlaps with three relatively stable regions: the overlapping sequence between trnW and trnC is AAGTCTTA, the overlapping sequence between ATP8 and ATP6 is generally ATGATTA, and the overlapping sequence between ND4 and ND4L is generally TTATCAT. The largest non-coding region is the control region, which exhibits significant length and compositional variation among species. Some Chiasmini have tandem repeat structures within their control regions. Unlike some other deltocephaline leafhoppers, the sequenced Chiasmini lack mitochondrial gene rearrangements. Phylogenetic analyses of different combinations of protein-coding and ribosomal genes using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods under different models, using either amino acid or nucleotide sequences, are generally consistent and also agree with results of prior analyses of nuclear and partial mitochondrial gene sequence data, indicating that complete mitochondrial genomes are phylogenetically informative at different levels of divergence within Chiasmini and among leafhoppers in general. Apart from Athysanini and Opsiini, most of the deltocephaline tribes are recovered as monophyletic. The results of ML and BI analyses show that Chiasmini is a monophyletic group with seven monophyletic genera arranged as follows: ((Zahniserius + (Gurawa + (Doratura + Aconurella))) + (Leofa + (Exitianus + Nephotettix))).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bismillah Shah
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (B.S.); (B.X.); (K.W.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Forestry Protection, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Linan, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Muhammad Asghar Hassan
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (B.S.); (B.X.); (K.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Kaiqi Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (B.S.); (B.X.); (K.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Hassan Naveed
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Minhui Yan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (B.S.); (B.X.); (K.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Christopher H. Dietrich
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;
| | - Yani Duan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (B.S.); (B.X.); (K.W.); (M.Y.)
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Hassan MA, Tan Z, Shen R, Xing J. Comparative mitochondrial genome analysis of three leafhopper species of the genus Abrus Dai & Zhang (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from China with phylogenetic implication. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:714. [PMID: 38012556 PMCID: PMC10680345 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09809-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phylogenetic position and classification of Athysanini are poorly defined, as it includes a large group of polyphyletic genera that have historically been assigned to it mainly because they still exhibit the most typical deltocephaline genitalic and external body characters but lack the distinctive characteristics that other tribes possess. The bamboo-feeding leafhopper genus Abrus belong to the tribe Athysanini of subfamily Deltocephalinae, which currently comprises 19 valid described species, and are limited to the Oriental and Palaearctic regions in China. Although the taxonomy of Abrus are well updated, the references on comparative mitogenomic analyses of Abrus species are only known for a single species. In this study, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Abrus daozhenensis Chen, Yang & Li, 2012 (16,391bp) and A. yunshanensis Chen, Yang & Li, 2012 (15,768bp) (Athysanini), and compared with published mitogenome sequence of A. expansivus Xing & Li, 2014 (15,904bp). RESULTS These Abrus species shared highly conserved mitogenomes with similar gene order to that of the putative ancestral insect with 37 typical genes and a non-coding A + T-rich region. The nucleotide composition of these genomes is highly biased toward A + T nucleotides (76.2%, 76.3%, and 74.7%), AT-skews (0.091 to 0.095, and 0.095), negative GC-skews (- 0.138, - 0.161, and - 0.138), and codon usage. All 22 tRNA genes had typical cloverleaf secondary structures, except for trnS1 (AGN) which lacks the dihydrouridine arm, and distinctively trnG in the mitogenome of A. expansivus lacks the TψC arm. Phylogenetic analyses based on 13 PCGs, 2 rRNA genes, and 22 tRNA genes consistently recovered the monophyletic Opsiini, Penthimiini, Selenocephalini, Scaphoideini, and Athysanini (except Watanabella graminea, previously sequenced species as Chlorotettix nigromaculatus) based on limited available mitogenome sequence data of 37 species. CONCLUSION At present, Abrus belongs to the tribe Athysanini based on both morphological and molecular datasets, which is strongly supported in present phylogenetic analyses in both BI and ML methods using the six concatenated datasets: amino acid sequences and nucleotides from different combinations of protein-coding genes (PCGs), ribosomal RNA (rRNAs), and transfer RNA (tRNAs). Phylogenetic trees reconstructed herein based on the BI and ML analyses consistently recovered monophylitic Athysanini, except Watanabella graminea (Athysanini) in Opsiini with high support values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asghar Hassan
- Institute of Entomology, The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Tan
- Institute of Entomology, The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Rongrong Shen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, 38152, USA
| | - Jichun Xing
- Institute of Entomology, The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
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Zhang N, Pu T, Wang J, Tan W, Yuan Z, Li C, Song Y. Phylogenetic Analysis of Two New Mitochondrial Genomes of Singapora shinshana and Seriana bacilla from the Karst Region of Southwest China. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1318. [PMID: 37510223 PMCID: PMC10379811 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Leafhoppers have been identified as a serious threat to different plants. To explore the characteristics of mitogenomes and reveal the phylogenetic positions of two species in the Typhlocybinae, complete mitogenomes of Singapora shinshana and Seriana bacilla were sequenced and annotated for the first time with lengths of 15,402 bp and 15,383 bp, respectively. The two mitogenomes contained 13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes and 2 rRNA genes. The genome content, gene order, nucleotide composition, codon usage and amino acid composition are similar to those of other typical mitogenomes of Typhlocybinae. All 13 PCGs started with ATN codons, except for atp8 (TTA) and nad5 (TTG). All tRNAs were folded into a typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for tRNA-Ser1 and tRNA-Val. Moreover, phylogenetic trees were constructed and analyzed based on all the PCGs from 42 mitogenomes using maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. The results supported that eleven subfamilies are all monophyletic groups, S. shinshana and S. bacilla are members of Erythroneurini, but S. shinshana and the genus Empoascanara have a very close relationship with ((((Empoascanara sipra+ Empoascanara wengangensis) + Empoascanara dwalata) + Empoascanara gracilis) + S. shinshana), and S. bacilla is closely related to the genus Mitjaevia ((Mitjaevia dworakowskae + Mitjaevia shibingensis) + S. bacilla). These results provide valuable information for future study of evolutionary relationships in Typhlocybinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Zhang
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Tianyi Pu
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Jinqiu Wang
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Weiwen Tan
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Zhouwei Yuan
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Can Li
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Rare Animal and Economic Insect of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang University, Guiyang 550005, China
| | - Yuehua Song
- School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
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Yang Y, Wang J, Dai R, Wang X. Structural Characteristics and Phylogenetic Analysis of the Mitochondrial Genomes of Four Krisna Species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae). Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1175. [PMID: 37372355 DOI: 10.3390/genes14061175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Krisna species are insects that have piercing-sucking mouthparts and belong to the Krisnini tribe in the Iassinae subfamily of leafhoppers in the Cicadellidae family. In this study, we sequenced and compared the mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of four Krisna species. The results showed that all four mitogenomes were composed of cyclic double-stranded molecules and contained 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) and 22 and 2 genes coding for tRNAs and rRNAs, respectively. Those mitogenomes exhibited similar base composition, gene size, and codon usage patterns for the protein-coding genes. The analysis of the nonsynonymous substitution rate (Ka)/synonymous substitution rate (Ks) showed that evolution occurred the fastest in ND4 and the slowest in COI. 13 PCGs that underwent purification selection were suitable for studying phylogenetic relationships within Krisna. ND2, ND6, and ATP6 had highly variable nucleotide diversity, whereas COI and ND1 exhibited the lowest diversity. Genes or gene regions with high nucleotide diversity can provide potential marker candidates for population genetics and species delimitation in Krisna. Analyses of parity and neutral plots showed that both natural selection and mutation pressure affected the codon usage bias. In the phylogenetic analysis, all subfamilies were restored to a monophyletic group; the Krisnini tribe is monophyletic, and the Krisna genus is paraphyletic. Our study provides novel insights into the significance of the background nucleotide composition and codon usage patterns in the CDSs of the 13 mitochondrial PCGs of the Krisna genome, which could enable the identification of a different gene organization and may be used for accurate phylogenetic analysis of Krisna species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiong Yang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Renhuai Dai
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xianyi Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Medical Biotechnology, School of Biology and Engineering, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Lu J, Wang J, Li D, Wang X, Dai R. Description of the whole mitochondrial genome of Bhatia longiradiata (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae, Deltocephalinae: Drabescini) and phylogenetic relationship. Genes Genomics 2023; 45:59-70. [PMID: 36434387 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-022-01338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial genomes are extremely conserved in genetic processes and valuable molecular indications for phylogenetic and evolutionary examination, but the mitochondrial genome of Bhatia has not yet been reported. OBJECTIVE The target of this writing was to clarify the structural module of the mitochondrial genes of Bhatia longiradiata, verify the monophyletic of Drabescini, and explore the phylogenetic relationship between Drabescini with other leafhoppers. METHODS We performed sequencing and explanatory note of the mitochondrion of Bhatia longiradiata. The phylogeny relation was created by ML and Bayesian approaches using three dissimilar datasets (PCG12, PCG12rRNA, and AA), which were constructed to discuss the phylogenetic status of Bhatia longiradiata. RESULTS To report the architectural feature of the chondriosome of Bhatia longiradiata is a seal double-stranded annular molecule with 16,122 bp measurement and cover typically 37 genes. Several tandem repetitive units were observed in an AT enrichment area. The analysis showed that the branching relationships among the six trees were generally consistent, and each of the subfamilies was individually clustered into a monophyletic group within Cicadellidae. Bhatia longiradiata and other members of the Drabescini were aggregated into a clade that was situated within the Deltocephalinae. CONCLUSION The mitochondrial genome of Bhatia longiradiata covers 37 typical genes and a control region, which covers six tandem repeats. All species of Drabescini procedure a clade within Deltocephalinae. Drabescini and Scaphoideini form a branch and show a sister relationship with strong support. Therefore, we support the relegation of Selenocephalinae to a clan within Deltocephalinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jikai Lu
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Defang Li
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianyi Wang
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhuai Dai
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
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Wang XY, Li DF, Li H, Wang JJ, Li YJ, Dai RH. Comparison of mitogenomes of three Petalocephala species (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Ledrinae) and their phylogenetic analysis. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 111:e21902. [PMID: 35403741 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ledrinae is a unique group of leafhoppers with a distinct appearance. Petalocephala is the largest Ledrinae genus that is difficult to identify except by dissecting the male genitals. To date, research on Ledrinae is relatively less compared with other leafhoppers. Therefore, to better understand this group, we sequenced and analyzed three complete Petalocephala mitochondrial genomes. We comparatively analyzed these general Petalocephala genomic features (including size, AT content, AT/GC skew, 13 protein-coding gene nucleotide compositions, etc.), and predicted 22 transfer RNA secondary structures. We obtained highly consistent phylogenetic results within Cicadellidae based on mitogenomic data using the maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Our results showed that all subfamilies were monophyletic and had a high node support rate, and there was a sister group relationship between Ledrinae and all other leafhopper groups. Furthermore, treehoppers were found to originate from leafhoppers and showed sister group relationships with Megophthalminae. Within Ledrinae, all phylogenetic trees supporting phylogenetic relationships were as follows: ([P. dicondylica + P. gongshanensis] + [Tituria pyramidata + [Ledra auditura + P. gongshanensis]]) Based on the complete mitogenome phylogenetic analysis and the comparison of morphological characteristics, we propose that Petalocephala is not monophyletic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yi Wang
- Institute of Entomology, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - De-Fang Li
- Institute of Entomology, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hu Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bio-resources, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wang
- Institute of Entomology, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu-Jian Li
- School of Life Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, Shandong, China
| | - Ren-Huai Dai
- Institute of Entomology, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Wang X, Wang J, Dai R. Structural features of the mitogenome of the leafhopper genus Cladolidia (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae) and phylogenetic implications in Cicadellidae. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12554-12566. [PMID: 34594520 PMCID: PMC8462178 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The first two complete mitogenomes of the leafhopper genus Cladolidia (C. biungulata and C. robusta) were sequenced and annotated to further explore the phylogeny of Cladolidia. Both the newly sequenced mitogenomes have a typical circular structure, with lengths of 15,247 and 15,376 bp and A + T contents of 78.2% and 78%, respectively. We identified a highly conserved genome organization in the two Cladolidia spp. through comparative analysis that included the following assessments: genome content, gene order, nucleotide composition, codon usage, amino acid composition, and tRNA secondary structure. Moreover, we detected the base heterogeneity of Cicadellidae mitogenomic data and constructed phylogenetic trees using the nucleotide alignments of 12 subfamilies of 58 leafhopper species. We noted a weak heterogeneity in the base composition among the Cicadellidae mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the monophyly of each subfamily was generally well supported in the family Cicadellidae; the main topology was as follows: (Deltocephalinae + (Treehoppers + ((Megophthalminae + (Macropsinae + (Hylicinae + (Coelidiinae +Iassinae)) + (Idiocerinae + (Cicadellinae + (Typhlocybinae + (Mileewinae + (Evacanthinae +Ledrinae)))))))))). Within Coelidiinae, phylogenetic analyses revealed that C. biungulata and C. robusta belong to Coelidiinae and the monophyly of Cladolidia is well supported. In addition, on the basis of complete mitogenome phylogenetic analysis and the comparison of morphological characteristics, we further confirm the genus Olidiana as a paraphyletic group, suggesting that the genus may need taxonomic revisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyi Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region Institute of Entomology Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region Institute of Entomology Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Renhuai Dai
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region Institute of Entomology Guizhou University Guiyang China
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Two Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of Mileewinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and a Phylogenetic Analysis. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12080668. [PMID: 34442234 PMCID: PMC8396625 DOI: 10.3390/insects12080668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Mileewinae is a small subfamily of Cicadellidae containing about 160 described species, extensively distributed in the Oriental, Ethiopian and Neotropical regions. Some species are potential pests in agriculture and forestry. The classification of this group has been unstable over the past few decades. Currently, some controversies remain on the monophyly of Mileewinae and phylogenetic relationships of Mileewinae with other subfamilies. To provide further evidence toward answering these questions, two newly completed mitochondrial genomes of Mileewinae species (Mileewa rufivena and Ujna puerana) have been sequenced and analyzed. Results show these two mitochondrial genomes have quite similar structures and features. In phylogenetic analyses, Mileewinae formed a monophyletic group in Cicadellidae in all trees derived from maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. In addition, Mileewinae has a closer phylogenetic relationship with Typhlocybinae compared to the Cicadellinae. Abstract More studies are using mitochondrial genomes of insects to explore the sequence variability, evolutionary traits, monophyly of groups and phylogenetic relationships. Controversies remain on the classification of the Mileewinae and the phylogenetic relationships between Mileewinae and other subfamilies remain ambiguous. In this study, we present two newly completed mitogenomes of Mileewinae (Mileewa rufivena Cai and Kuoh 1997 and Ujna puerana Yang and Meng 2010) and conduct comparative mitogenomic analyses based on several different factors. These species have quite similar features, including their nucleotide content, codon usage of protein genes and the secondary structure of tRNA. Gene arrangement is identical and conserved, the same as the putative ancestral pattern of insects. All protein-coding genes of U. puerana began with the start codon ATN, while 5 Mileewa species had the abnormal initiation codon TTG in ND5 and ATP8. Moreover, M. rufivena had an intergenic spacer of 17 bp that could not be found in other mileewine species. Phylogenetic analysis based on three datasets (PCG123, PCG12 and AA) with two methods (maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference) recovered the Mileewinae as a monophyletic group with strong support values. All results in our study indicate that Mileewinae has a closer phylogenetic relationship to Typhlocybinae compared to Cicadellinae. Additionally, six species within Mileewini revealed the relationship (U. puerana + (M. ponta + (M. rufivena + M. alara) + (M. albovittata + M. margheritae))) in most of our phylogenetic trees. These results contribute to the study of the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationships of Mileewinae.
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