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Jambura PL, Solonin SV, Cooper SL, Mychko EV, Arkhangelsky MS, Türtscher J, Amadori M, Stumpf S, Vodorezov AV, Kriwet J. Fossil marine vertebrates (Chondrichthyes, Actinopterygii, Reptilia) from the Upper Cretaceous of Akkermanovka (Orenburg Oblast, Southern Urals, Russia). CRETACEOUS RESEARCH 2024; 155:105779. [PMID: 38799703 PMCID: PMC7615991 DOI: 10.1016/j.cretres.2023.105779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Upper Cretaceous coastal marine deposits are widespread in the Southern Urals with a number of marine vertebrates previously reported from this region. However, previous studies on the vertebrate faunas in this region often lack detailed taxonomic descriptions and illustrations, rendering comparisons to other faunal assemblages difficult. A new diverse vertebrate assemblage comprising cartilaginous and bony fishes, as well as marine reptiles, is described here from the Orenburg region near Akkermanovka (Southern Urals, Russia). Thirty five taxa are identified, including three holocephalans (Elasmodus sp., Ischyodus yanschini, Chimaeroid indet.), two hybodontiform sharks (Meristodonoides sp., cf. Polyacrodus sp.), 17 neoselachians (Paraorthacodus cf. andersoni, Paraorthacodus sp., Synechodus sp., Cederstroemia nilsi, Acrolamna acuminata, Archaeolamna ex gr. kopingensis, Cretalamna sarcoportheta, Cretoxyrhina mantelli, Eostriatolamia segedini, E. venusta, Hispidaspis horridus, H. cf. gigas, Pseudocorax laevis, Pseudoscapanorhynchus compressidens, Scapanorhynchus rhaphiodon, Squalicorax kaupi, Ptychodus rugosus), a holostean (Lepisosteidae indet.), nine teleosts (Protosphyraena sp., Saurodontidae indet., cf. Pachyrhizodus sp., Pachyrhizodontidae indet., Enchodus petrosus, E. ferox, E. cf. gladiolus, E. spp., Alepisauroidei indet.), two plesiosaurs (Polycotylidae indet., Plesiosauria indet.), and one mosasaurid (Tylosaurinae indet.). Based on the faunal assemblage, a Santonian-?early Campanian age is proposed. Lamniform sharks are the best represented group in terms of taxic diversity and relative abundance, probably reflecting the peak in diversity this group experienced following the Cenomanian radiation in the Late Cretaceous. The faunal assemblage of Akkermanovka exhibits significant taxonomic overlaps with assemblages reported from Asia and North America, but not from Southern Hemisphere continents, indicating east-west dispersal of several marine taxa during the Late Cretaceous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick L. Jambura
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sergey V. Solonin
- Department of Geography, Ecology and Natural Management, Ryazan State University named for S. Yesenin, 390000 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Samuel L.A. Cooper
- Museum am Löwentor, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Paleontology, Hohenheim University, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Eduard V. Mychko
- Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Museum of the World Ocean, 236006 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim S. Arkhangelsky
- Department of General Geology and Minerals, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia
- Department of Oil and Gas, Saratov State Technical University, 410054 Saratov, Russia
| | - Julia Türtscher
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Amadori
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Stumpf
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexey V. Vodorezov
- Department of Geography, Ecology and Natural Management, Ryazan State University named for S. Yesenin, 390000 Ryazan, Russia
| | - Jürgen Kriwet
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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López-Romero FA, Stumpf S, Kamminga P, Böhmer C, Pradel A, Brazeau MD, Kriwet J. Shark mandible evolution reveals patterns of trophic and habitat-mediated diversification. Commun Biol 2023; 6:496. [PMID: 37156994 PMCID: PMC10167336 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04882-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental controls of species diversity represent a central research focus in evolutionary biology. In the marine realm, sharks are widely distributed, occupying mainly higher trophic levels and varied dietary preferences, mirrored by several morphological traits and behaviours. Recent comparative phylogenetic studies revealed that sharks present a fairly uneven diversification across habitats, from reefs to deep-water. We show preliminary evidence that morphological diversification (disparity) in the feeding system (mandibles) follows these patterns, and we tested hypotheses linking these patterns to morphological specialisation. We conducted a 3D geometric morphometric analysis and phylogenetic comparative methods on 145 specimens representing 90 extant shark species using computed tomography models. We explored how rates of morphological evolution in the jaw correlate with habitat, size, diet, trophic level, and taxonomic order. Our findings show a relationship between disparity and environment, with higher rates of morphological evolution in reef and deep-water habitats. Deep-water species display highly divergent morphologies compared to other sharks. Strikingly, evolutionary rates of jaw disparity are associated with diversification in deep water, but not in reefs. The environmental heterogeneity of the offshore water column exposes the importance of this parameter as a driver of diversification at least in the early part of clade history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faviel A López-Romero
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, Department of Palaeontology, Evolutionary Morphology Research Group, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
- University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sebastian Stumpf
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, Department of Palaeontology, Evolutionary Morphology Research Group, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pepijn Kamminga
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Darwinweg 2, 2333 CR, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Christine Böhmer
- MECADEV UMR 7179 CNRS/MNHN, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CP 55, 57 rue Cuvier, 75231, Paris, France
- Department für Geo- und Umweltwissenschaften und GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333, München, Germany
- Zoologisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1-9, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alan Pradel
- CR2P, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle-Sorbonne Université-CNRS, CP 38, 57 rue Cuvier, F75231, Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Martin D Brazeau
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, London, UK
- The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Jürgen Kriwet
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, Department of Palaeontology, Evolutionary Morphology Research Group, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1190, Vienna, Austria
- University of Vienna, Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), Djerassiplatz 1, 1030, Vienna, Austria
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Villalobos-Segura E, Stumpf S, Türtscher J, Jambura PL, Begat A, López-Romero FA, Fischer J, Kriwet J. A Synoptic Review of the Cartilaginous Fishes (Chondrichthyes: Holocephali, Elasmobranchii) from the Upper Jurassic Konservat-Lagerstätten of Southern Germany: Taxonomy, Diversity, and Faunal Relationships. DIVERSITY 2023; 15:386. [PMID: 36950327 PMCID: PMC7614348 DOI: 10.3390/d15030386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous (164-100 Ma) represents one of the main transitional periods in life history. Recent studies unveiled a complex scenario in which abiotic and biotic factors and drivers on regional and global scales due to the fragmentation of Pangaea resulted in dramatic faunal and ecological turnovers in terrestrial and marine environments. However, chondrichthyan faunas from this interval have received surprisingly little recognition. The presence of numerous entire skeletons of chondrichthyans preserved in several localities in southern Germany, often referred to as Konservat-Lagerstätten (e.g., Nusplingen and the Solnhofen Archipelago), provides a unique opportunity of to study the taxonomic composition of these assemblages, their ecological distributions and adaptations, and evolutionary histories in detail. However, even after 160 years of study, the current knowledge of southern Germany's Late Jurassic chondrichthyan diversity remains incomplete. Over the last 20 years, the systematic study and bulk sampling of southern Germany's Late Jurassic deposits significantly increased the number of known fossil chondrichthyan genera from the region (32 in the present study). In the present work, the fossil record, and the taxonomic composition of Late Jurassic chondrichthyans from southern Germany are reviewed and compared with several contemporaneous assemblages from other sites in Europe. Our results suggest, inter alia, that the Late Jurassic chondrichthyans displayed extended distributions within Europe. However, it nevertheless also is evident that the taxonomy of Late Jurassic chondrichthyans is in urgent need of revision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Villalobos-Segura
- Evolutionary Morphology Research Group, Department of Palaeontology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Stumpf
- Evolutionary Morphology Research Group, Department of Palaeontology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Türtscher
- Evolutionary Morphology Research Group, Department of Palaeontology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick L. Jambura
- Evolutionary Morphology Research Group, Department of Palaeontology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Arnaud Begat
- Evolutionary Morphology Research Group, Department of Palaeontology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Faviel A. López-Romero
- Evolutionary Morphology Research Group, Department of Palaeontology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Fischer
- Urweltmuseum GEOSKOP/Burg Lichtenberg (Pfalz), Burgstraße 19, 66871 Thallichtenberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Kriwet
- Evolutionary Morphology Research Group, Department of Palaeontology, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Geography and Astronomy, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution (VDSEE), University of Vienna, Djerassiplatz 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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Diversity Patterns of Late Jurassic Chondrichthyans: New Insights from a Historically Collected Hybodontiform Tooth Assemblage from Poland. DIVERSITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/d14020085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Here, we provide a detailed taxonomic reassessment of a historically collected chondrichthyan dental assemblage from the lower Kimmeridgian of Czarnogłowy in north-western Poland and discuss its significance for better understanding hybodontiform diversity patterns prior to their post-Jurassic decline in fully marine environments. In spite of its low taxonomic diversity, consisting of four large-toothed taxa (viz., Strophodus udulfensis, Asteracanthus ornatissimus, Planohybodus sp. and cf. Meristodonoides sp.), this assemblage is remarkable in that there are only very few Mesozoic hybodontiform assemblages with more large-toothed genera or even species. Comparisons with other European Late Jurassic hybodontiform-bearing localities demonstrate fairly homogenous distribution patterns characterized by large-bodied epipelagic forms of high dispersal ability. This is in stark contrast to post-Jurassic hybodontiform associations, which are dominated by smaller species that were predominantly bound to marginal marine and continental waters, suggesting a major reorganization of chondrichthyan communities during the Early Cretaceous.
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