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Nazir MF, Lou J, Wang Y, Zou S, Huang H. Kiwifruit in the Omics Age: Advances in Genomics, Breeding, and Beyond. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2156. [PMID: 39124274 PMCID: PMC11313697 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The kiwifruit, Actinidia genus, has emerged as a nutritionally rich and economically significant crop with a history rooted in China. This review paper examines the global journey of the kiwifruit, its genetic diversity, and the role of advanced breeding techniques in its cultivation and improvement. The expansion of kiwifruit cultivation from China to New Zealand, Italy, Chile and beyond, driven by the development of new cultivars and improved agricultural practices, is discussed, highlighting the fruit's high content of vitamins C, E, and K. The genetic resources within the Actinidia genus are reviewed, with emphasis on the potential of this diversity in breeding programs. The review provides extensive coverage to the application of modern omics technologies, including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, which have revolutionized the understanding of the biology of kiwifruit and facilitated targeted breeding efforts. It examines both conventional breeding methods and modern approaches, like marker-assisted selection, genomic selection, mutation breeding, and the potential of CRISPR-Cas9 technology for precise trait enhancement. Special attention is paid to interspecific hybridization and cisgenesis as strategies for incorporating beneficial traits and developing superior kiwifruit varieties. This comprehensive synthesis not only sheds light on the current state of kiwifruit research and breeding, but also outlines the future directions and challenges in the field, underscoring the importance of integrating traditional and omics-based approaches to meet the demands of a changing global climate and market preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Faisal Nazir
- Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Conservation and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 330022, China; (M.F.N.)
| | - Jinpeng Lou
- Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Conservation and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 330022, China; (M.F.N.)
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Conservation and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 330022, China; (M.F.N.)
| | - Shuaiyu Zou
- Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Conservation and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 330022, China; (M.F.N.)
| | - Hongwen Huang
- Key Laboratory of Ex Situ Plant Conservation and Utilization of Jiangxi Province, Lushan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Jiujiang 330022, China; (M.F.N.)
- South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Jiang Y, Lei P, Ma L, Dong K, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Guo X, Liu J, Li W, Tao L, Meng F. Effects of bleeding of Actinidia arguta (Sieb. & Zucc) Planch. ex miq. on its plant growth, physiological characteristics and fruit quality. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:531. [PMID: 37914989 PMCID: PMC10621140 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04560-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Bleeding is as particularly a serious phenomenon in Actinidia arguta and has important effects on this plant's growth and development. Here we used A. arguta to study the effects of bleeding on the growth and development of leaves and fruits after a bleeding episode. We detect and analyze physiological indices of leaves and fruit after bleeding. The result revealed that the relative electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) of leaves increased in treatment. Nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) and 3,3-diaminobenzidine (DAB) staining revealed the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in leaves after bleeding. The chlorophyll content and photosynthetic parameter of plants were also decreased. In fruits, pulp and seed water content decreased after the damage, as did fruit vitamin C (Vc), soluble sugar content, and soluble solids content (SSC); the titratable acid content did not change significantly. We therefore conclude that bleeding affects the physiological indices of A. arguta. Our study provides a theoretical basis for understanding the physiological changes of A. arguta after bleeding episodes and laying a timely foundation for advancing research on A. arguta bleeding and long-term field studies should be executed in order to gain insights into underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Jiang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Pei Lei
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Le Ma
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Kun Dong
- Horticultural Sub-Academy, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Horticultural Sub-Academy, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- Forest Botanical Garden of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Crop Tillage and Cultivation, Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Wei Li
- Crop Tillage and Cultivation, Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Lei Tao
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
| | - Fanjuan Meng
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China.
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Lin Y, Tang H, Zhao B, Lei D, Zhou X, Yao W, Fan J, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Li M, He W, Luo Y, Wang X, Tang H, Zhang Y. Comparative changes of health-promoting phytochemicals and sugar metabolism of two hardy kiwifruit ( Actinidia arguta) cultivars during fruit development and maturity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1087452. [PMID: 36589092 PMCID: PMC9798231 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1087452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hardy kiwifruit (Actinidia arguta) has an extensive range of nutritional and bioactive compounds and has been valued as a great resource for kiwifruit breeding. A better understanding of the dynamic changes of the composition and accumulation of nutritional compounds during fruit development and ripening is required before genetic or cultural improvements can be targeted. METHODS In the present study, the phytochemical analysis of two A. arguta cultivars 'Yilv' and 'Lvmi-1' showed that they comprised different morphology, with a higher fruit diameter while a lower vertical fruit diameter of 'Lvmi-1' compared with 'Yilv'. The antioxidant capacity of both cultivars decreased during the maturity time and showed no significant difference between them. Furthermore, although glucose gradually increased during the maturity time, the predominant sugar composition was speculated to be fructose in 'Lvmi-1' fruit while sucrose in 'Yilv' fruit at the early fruit developmental stages. Moreover, the predominant acids in 'Yilv' and 'Lvmi-1' were citric acid followed by quinic acid, malic acid, and oxalic acid. The expression of sugar- and starch-related genes encoding the crucial enzymes suggested different changes in 'Yilv' and 'Lvmi-1'. Notably, a subsequent correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) expression and glucose in 'Yilv', fructokinase (FK) expression, and starch content in 'Lvmi-1', implying their vital roles in sugar and starch accumulation. By contrast, a significant negative correlation between FK expression and fructose in 'Lvmi-1' fruit was observed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In summary, our results provide supplementary information for the dynamic changes of nutritional compounds and antioxidant capacity during hardy kiwifruit maturity time and give a clue for exploring the mechanism of sugar and starch accumulation in hardy kiwifruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxiu Lin
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Honglan Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Diya Lei
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wantian Yao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinming Fan
- General Manager's Office, Sichuan Innofresh Agricultural Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Ya’an, China
| | - Yunting Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mengyao Li
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wen He
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya Luo
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haoru Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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The ITS analysis and identification of Actinidia eriantha and its related species. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274358. [PMID: 36136983 PMCID: PMC9498973 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The dried plant material of medically important plant Actinidia eriantha especially when it remains in the form of powder often look morphologically similar to its related species. The lack of efficient methods to distinguish the authentic material from other similar species leads to chances of adulteration. The molecular authentication of herbal plant materials such as the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences is considered as more reliable method compared to morphological traits. In this study, we aim to evaluate the potential of identification for roots of A. eriantha and its related species by ITS sequences. The lengths of ITS regions ranged from 624 to 636 bp with GC content ranging from 50.96% to 59.55%. A total of 194 variation sites and 46 haplotypes were formed in 185 samples. Among them, the roots of A. eriantha possessed specific sites at 85bp (C), 205bp (T), 493bp (C), 542bp (G), 574bp (C), 582bp (T) and 610bp (G), while A. hemsleyana, A. callosa, A. valvata and A. polygama have their own specific sites. The inter-specific genetic distance among 8 Actinidia species in the range 2.28% to 11.00%. The phylogenetic tree constructed with ITS, ITS1 and ITS2 region showed that the ITS sequences have higher potential for identification in 8 Actinidia species. However, as to A. eriantha, A. hemsleyana and A. valvata, these three barcodes have the same identification ability. The ITS regions indicated that different samples from same species can be grouped together, except for A. arguta and A. melanandrah. In conclusion, the ITS sequences can be used as an efficient DNA barcode for the identification of A. eriantha and its related species.
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Prolonged On-Vine vs. Cold of Actinidia eriantha: Differences in Fruit Quality and Aroma Substances during Soft Ripening Stage. Foods 2022; 11:foods11182860. [PMID: 36140991 PMCID: PMC9497916 DOI: 10.3390/foods11182860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to find an efficient, economical and feasible method for soft ripening storage of kiwifruit, two softening methods (on-vine, cold) were utilized for the ‘Ganlv-2’ kiwifruit (Actinidia. eriantha) cultivar. A comprehensive evaluation was conducted on the quality changes in ‘Ganlv-2’ under different methods after fruit ripening by principal component analysis and mathematical modeling. Compared to kiwifruit under cold softening, kiwifruit treated with on-vine soft ripening had slightly greater sugar-acid ratios and flesh firmness and higher contents of dry matter, soluble solids, and soluble sugar. The titratable acid content was slightly lower in the on-vine group than in the cold group. The sensory evaluation results manifested little difference in fruit flavor between the two groups. However, at the end of the trial, the overripe taste of the on-vine group was lighter and the taste was sweeter than those of the cold group. More aromatic substances were emitted from the kiwifruit in the on-vine group. According to the mathematic model, there was no significant difference in fruit quality and flavor between the on-vine and traditional cold groups. The fruit in the on-vine group had a stronger flavor and lighter overripe flavor when they reached the edible state. This paper provided a novel storage method of A. eriantha, it can reduce the cost of traditional cold storage and reduce the pressure on centralized harvesting, and the feasibility of this method was verified from the fruit quality.
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