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Gan H, Ma Q, Hao W, Yang N, Chen ZS, Deng L, Chen J. Targeting autophagy to counteract neuroinflammation: A novel antidepressant strategy. Pharmacol Res 2024; 202:107112. [PMID: 38403256 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Depression is a common disease that affects physical and mental health and imposes a considerable burden on afflicted individuals and their families worldwide. Depression is associated with a high rate of disability and suicide. It causes a severe decline in productivity and quality of life. Unfortunately, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying depression have not been fully elucidated, and the risk of its treatment is still presented. Studies have shown that the expression of autophagic markers in the brain and peripheral inflammatory mediators are dysregulated in depression. Autophagy-related genes regulate the level of autophagy and change the inflammatory response in depression. Depression is related to several aspects of immunity. The regulation of the immune system and inflammation by autophagy may lead to the development or deterioration of mental disorders. This review highlights the role of autophagy and neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology of depression, sumaries the autophagy-targeting small moleculars, and discusses a novel therapeutic strategy based on anti-inflammatory mechanisms that target autophagy to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Gan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qingyu Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wenzhi Hao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Nating Yang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Lijuan Deng
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jiaxu Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Formula-Pattern Research Center, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Zhang JQ, Pan JQ, Wei ZY, Ren CY, Ru FX, Xia SY, He YS, Lin K, Chen JH. Brain Epitranscriptomic Analysis Revealed Altered A-to-I RNA Editing in Septic Patients. Front Genet 2022; 13:887001. [PMID: 35559016 PMCID: PMC9086164 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.887001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that RNA editing is associated with impaired brain function and neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, the role of A-to-I RNA editing during sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing in postmortem brain tissues from septic patients and controls. A total of 3024 high-confidence A-to-I RNA editing sites were identified. In sepsis, there were fewer A-to-I RNA editing genes and editing sites than in controls. Among all A-to-I RNA editing sites, 42 genes showed significantly differential RNA editing, with 23 downregulated and 19 upregulated in sepsis compared to controls. Notably, more than 50% of these genes were highly expressed in the brain and potentially related to neurological diseases. Notably, cis-regulatory analysis showed that the level of RNA editing in six differentially edited genes was significantly correlated with the gene expression, including HAUS augmin-like complex subunit 2 (HAUS2), protein phosphatase 3 catalytic subunit beta (PPP3CB), hook microtubule tethering protein 3 (HOOK3), CUB and Sushi multiple domains 1 (CSMD1), methyltransferase-like 7A (METTL7A), and kinesin light chain 2 (KLC2). Furthermore, enrichment analysis showed that fewer gene functions and KEGG pathways were enriched by edited genes in sepsis compared to controls. These results revealed alteration of A-to-I RNA editing in the human brain associated with sepsis, thus providing an important basis for understanding its role in neuropathology in SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Qian Zhang
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, China
| | - Jia-Qi Pan
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wei
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, China
| | - Chun-Yan Ren
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, China
| | - Fu-Xia Ru
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, China.,Jieyang People's Hospital, Jieyang, China
| | - Shou-Yue Xia
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, China
| | - Yu-Shan He
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, China
| | | | - Jian-Huan Chen
- Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Joint Primate Research Center for Chronic Diseases, Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University and Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangnan University Brain Institute, Wuxi, China
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