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Zhu Y, Sun Z, Wu H, Cui C, Meng S, Xu C. Transcriptomic Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism Potential of Grafting-Enhancing the Ability of Oriental Melon to Tolerate Low-Nitrogen Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8227. [PMID: 39125797 PMCID: PMC11311868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen is the primary nutrient for plants. Low nitrogen generally affects plant growth and fruit quality. Melon, as an economic crop, is highly dependent on nitrogen. However, the response mechanism of its self-rooted and grafted seedlings to low-nitrogen stress has not been reported previously. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the transcriptional differences between self-rooted and grafted seedlings under low-nitrogen stress using fluorescence characterization and RNA-Seq analysis. It was shown that low-nitrogen stress significantly inhibited the fluorescence characteristics of melon self-rooted seedlings. Analysis of differentially expressed genes showed that the synthesis of genes related to hormone signaling, such as auxin and brassinolide, was delayed under low-nitrogen stress. Oxidative stress response, involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism, and secondary metabolite-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly down-regulated. It can be seen that low-nitrogen stress causes changes in many hormonal signals in plants, and grafting can alleviate the damage caused by low-nitrogen stress on plants, ameliorate the adverse effects of nitrogen stress on plants, and help them better cope with environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (C.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Ziqing Sun
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (C.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hongxi Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (C.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Caifeng Cui
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (C.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Sida Meng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (C.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Chuanqiang Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.S.); (H.W.); (C.C.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Liang H, Liu J, Shi X, Ge M, Zhu J, Wang D, Zhou M. An Integrated Analysis of Anatomical and Sugar Contents Identifies How Night Temperatures Regulate the Healing Process of Oriental Melon Grafted onto Pumpkin. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1506. [PMID: 38891314 PMCID: PMC11174965 DOI: 10.3390/plants13111506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Graft healing is a complex process affected by environmental factors, with temperature being one of the most important influencing factors. Here, oriental melon grafted onto pumpkin was used to study changes in graft union formation and sugar contents at the graft interface under night temperatures of 18 °C and 28 °C. Histological analysis suggested that callus formation occurred 3 days after grafting with a night temperature of 28 °C, which was one day earlier than with a night temperature of 18 °C. Vascular reconnection with a night temperature of 28 °C was established 2 days earlier than with a night temperature of 18 °C. Additionally, nine sugars were significantly enriched in the graft union, with the contents of sucrose, trehalose, raffinose, D-glucose, D-fructose, D-galactose, and inositol initially increasing but then decreasing. Furthermore, we also found that exogenous glucose and fructose application promotes vascular reconnection. However, exogenous sucrose application did not promote vascular reconnection. Taken together, our results reveal that elevated temperatures improve the process of graft union formation through increasing the contents of sugars. This study provides information to develop strategies for improving grafting efficiency under low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mobing Zhou
- Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430070, China; (H.L.); (J.L.); (X.S.); (M.G.); (J.Z.); (D.W.)
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Mo Z, Zhang Y, Hou M, Hu L, Zhai M, Xuan J. Transcriptional dynamics reveals the asymmetrical events underlying graft union formation in pecan (Carya illinoinensis). TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae040. [PMID: 38598328 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Grafting is a widely used technique for pecan propagation; however, the background molecular events underlying grafting are still poorly understood. In our study, the graft partners during pecan [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch] graft union formation were separately sampled for RNA-seq, and the transcriptional dynamics were described via weighted gene co-expression network analysis. To reveal the main events underlying grafting, the correlations between modules and grafting traits were analyzed. Functional annotation showed that during the entire graft process, signal transduction was activated in the scion, while messenger RNA splicing was induced in the rootstock. At 2 days after grafting, the main processes occurring in the scion were associated with protein synthesis and processing, while the primary processes occurring in the rootstock were energy release-related. During the period of 7-14 days after grafting, defense response was a critical process taking place in the scion; however, the main process functioning in the rootstock was photosynthesis. From 22 to 32 days after grafting, the principal processes taking place in the scion were jasmonic acid biosynthesis and defense response, whereas the highly activated processes associated with the rootstock were auxin biosynthesis and plant-type secondary cell wall biogenesis. To further prove that the graft partners responded asymmetrically to stress, hydrogen peroxide contents as well as peroxidase and β-1,3-glucanase activities were detected, and the results showed that their levels were increased in the scion not the rootstock at certain time points after grafting. Our study reveals that the scion and rootstock might respond asymmetrically to grafting in pecan, and the scion was likely associated with stress response, while the rootstock was probably involved in energy supply and xylem bridge differentiation during graft union formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghai Mo
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Mengxin Hou
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Longjiao Hu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Min Zhai
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jiping Xuan
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for the Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Pecan, NO. 1 Road, Qianhuhou Villiage, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210014, China
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Zhu Y, Hu S, Min J, Zhao Y, Yu H, Irfan M, Xu C. Transcriptomic analysis provides an insight into the function of CmGH9B3, a key gene of β-1, 4-glucanase, during the graft union healing of oriental melon scion grafted onto squash rootstock. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2400006. [PMID: 38581090 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202400006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
The melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a globally cherished and economically significant crop. The grafting technique has been widely used in the vegetative propagation of melon to promote environmental tolerance and disease resistance. However, mechanisms governing graft healing and potential incompatibilities in melons following the grafting process remain unknown. To uncover the molecular mechanism of healing of grafted melon seedlings, melon wild type (Control) and TRV-CmGH9B3 lines were obtained and grafted onto the squash rootstocks (C. moschata). Anatomical differences indicated that the healing process of the TRV-CmGH9B3 plants was slower than that of the control. A total of 335 significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between two transcriptomes. Most of these DEGs were down-regulated in TRV-CmGH9B3 grafted seedlings. GO and KEGG analysis showed that many metabolic, physiological, and hormonal responses were involved in graft healing, including metabolic processes, plant hormone signaling, plant MAPK pathway, and sucrose starch pathway. During the healing process of TRV-CmGH9B3 grafted seedlings, gene synthesis related to hormone signal transduction (auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, brassinolide) was delayed. At the same time, it was found that most of the DEGs related to the sucrose pathway were down-regulated in TRV-CmGH9B3 grafted seedlings. The results showed that sugar was also involved in the healing process of melon grafted onto squash. These results deepened our understanding of the molecular mechanism of GH9B3, a key gene of β-1, 4-glucanase. It also provided a reference for elucidating the gene mechanism and function analysis of CmGH9B3 in the process of graft union healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengwei Hu
- Hermiston Agricultural Research and Extension Station, Oregon State University, Hermiston, Oregon, USA
| | - Jiahuan Min
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Yingtong Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Hanqi Yu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of science, University of Sargodha Pakistan, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Chuanqiang Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Shenyang, China
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Zhu Y, Guo J, Wu F, Yu H, Min J, Zhao Y, Tan C, Liu Y, Xu C. Exogenous Melatonin Application Accelerated the Healing Process of Oriental Melon Grafted onto Squash by Promoting Lignin Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3690. [PMID: 38612499 PMCID: PMC11011509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT) is a vital hormone factor in plant growth and development, yet its potential to influence the graft union healing process has not been reported. In this study, we examined the effects of MT on the healing of oriental melon scion grafted onto squash rootstock. The studies indicate that the exogenous MT treatment promotes the lignin content of oriental melon and squash stems by increasing the enzyme activities of hydroxycinnamoyl CoA ligase (HCT), hydroxy cinnamaldehyde dehydrogenase (HCALDH), caffeic acid/5-hydroxy-conifer aldehyde O-methyltransferase (COMT), caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), 4-hydroxycinnamate CoA ligase (4CL), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD). Using the oriental melon and squash treated with the exogenous MT to graft, the connection of oriental melon scion and squash rootstock was more efficient and faster due to higher expression of wound-induced dedifferentiation 1 (WIND1), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDKB1;2), target of monopteros 6 (TMO6), and vascular-related NAC-domain 7 (VND7). Further research found that the exogenous MT increased the lignin content of the oriental melon scion stem by regulating CmCAD1 expression, and then accelerated the graft healing process. In addition, the root growth of grafted seedlings treated with the exogenous MT was more vigorous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Zhu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jieying Guo
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Fang Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Hanqi Yu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Jiahuan Min
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yingtong Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Changhua Tan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
| | - Yuanwei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China;
| | - Chuanqiang Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China; (Y.Z.); (J.G.); (F.W.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Y.Z.); (C.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Modern Protected Horticultural Engineering & Technology Center, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China
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Ding X, Miao C, Li R, He L, Zhang H, Jin H, Cui J, Wang H, Zhang Y, Lu P, Zou J, Yu J, Jiang Y, Zhou Q. Artificial Light for Improving Tomato Recovery Following Grafting: Transcriptome and Physiological Analyses. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15928. [PMID: 37958910 PMCID: PMC10650788 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Grafting is widely used to enhance the phenotypic traits of tomatoes, alleviate biotic and abiotic stresses, and control soil-borne diseases of the scion in greenhouse production. There are many factors that affect the healing and acclimatization stages of seedlings after grafting. However, the role of light has rarely been studied. In this study, we compared the effects of artificial light and traditional shading (under shaded plastic-covered tunnels) on the recovery of grafted tomato seedlings. The results show that the grafted tomato seedlings recovered using artificial light had a higher healthy index, leaf chlorophyll content, shoot dry weight, and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and water use efficiency (WUE) compared with grafted seedling recovered using the traditional shading method. Transcriptome analysis showed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of grafted seedlings restored using artificial light were mainly enriched in the pathways corresponding to plant hormone signal transduction. In addition, we measured the endogenous hormone content of grafted tomato seedlings. The results show that the contents of salicylic acid (SA) and kinetin (Kin) were significantly increased, and the contents of indoleacetic acid (IAA) and jasmonic acid (JA) were decreased in artificial-light-restored grafted tomato seedlings compared with those under shading treatments. Therefore, we suggest that artificial light affects the morphogenesis and photosynthetic efficiency of grafted tomato seedlings, and it can improve the performance of tomato seedlings during grafting recovery by regulating endogenous hormone levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotao Ding
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (C.M.); (L.H.); (H.Z.); (H.J.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Chen Miao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (C.M.); (L.H.); (H.Z.); (H.J.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Rongguang Li
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China;
| | - Lizhong He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (C.M.); (L.H.); (H.Z.); (H.J.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Hongmei Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (C.M.); (L.H.); (H.Z.); (H.J.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Haijun Jin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (C.M.); (L.H.); (H.Z.); (H.J.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jiawei Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (C.M.); (L.H.); (H.Z.); (H.J.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Hong Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (C.M.); (L.H.); (H.Z.); (H.J.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yongxue Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (C.M.); (L.H.); (H.Z.); (H.J.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Panling Lu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (C.M.); (L.H.); (H.Z.); (H.J.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jun Zou
- College of Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China;
| | - Jizhu Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (C.M.); (L.H.); (H.Z.); (H.J.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.Y.)
| | - Yuping Jiang
- College of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China;
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Horticultural Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (X.D.); (C.M.); (L.H.); (H.Z.); (H.J.); (J.C.); (H.W.); (Y.Z.); (P.L.); (J.Y.)
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7
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Liu Q, Wang X, Zhao Y, Xiao F, Yang Y. Transcriptome and physiological analyses reveal new insights into delayed incompatibility formed by interspecific grafting. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4574. [PMID: 36941326 PMCID: PMC10027664 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-31804-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pinus elliottii used as rootstock instead of homologous rootstock, have been proved to accelerate early growth of the scion (Pinus massoniana), for cultivation of large diameter wood. However, the basal diameter of scions in heterologous grafts was significantly smaller than self-graft 10 years later, according to field investigation, which was opposed to cultivation objectives. Although advantage of heterologous grafts has been reported, less is known about the long term effect of heterologous rootstock on scions of P. massoniana. The aim of present study was to investigate the mechanism of the above difference. Toward this aim, the growth traits and physiological characteristics of scions in the two graft groups were studied, and the underlying mechanism was preliminarily explored through transcriptome sequencing technology. Results showed that scions of heterologous grafts had less TSCA compared to self-grafts, while no significant difference of plant height, number of branches and canopy volume between two graft groups. Besides, scion leaves of heterologous grafts displayed higher antioxidant enzyme activity and lower chlorophyll content. And interactions between rootstocks and scions had also changed the mineral element composition of scion leaves. Compared with homologous grafts, scion leaves of heterologous grafts accumulated more K+, Mg2+ and Zn2+, but less Ca2+,which have been proved to be conducive to the growth of stem diameter of P. massoniana. Moreover, a comparative transcriptome analysis of two graft groups showed that DEGs between them were mainly caused by the specificity of rootstock. GO and KEGG analysis found that heterologous rootstock had different gene expression preferences, and the gene expression level between rootstocks and scions were significantly different, such as auxin auxin-related genes and stress responsive genes. That may imply that auxin pathway played an important role not only in grafting healing process, but also in maintaining the growth between scion and stock. Summary of all above results, we concluded that the long term effect of heterologous rootstock on scions may be unsatisfactory with the later rapidly growth of scion, probably due to delayed graft incompatibility between scion and stock of heterologous grafts. This study may remind us that the long-term growth of the scion deserves attention as well as the healing process, which could also provide a basis for delayed graft incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liu
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Xiurong Wang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China.
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yao Yang
- College of Forestry, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, Guizhou, China
- Institute for Forest Resources and Environment of Guizhou, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Forest Cultivation in Plateau Mountain of Guizhou Province, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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Xu C, Wu F, Guo J, Hou S, Wu X, Xin Y. Transcriptomic analysis and physiological characteristics of exogenous naphthylacetic acid application to regulate the healing process of oriental melon grafted onto squash. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13980. [PMID: 36128197 PMCID: PMC9482769 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The plant graft healing process is an intricate development influenced by numerous endogenous and environmental factors. This process involves the histological changes, physiological and biochemical reactions, signal transduction, and hormone exchanges in the grafting junction. Studies have shown that applying exogenous plant growth regulators can effectively promote the graft healing process and improve the quality of grafted plantlets. However, the physiological and molecular mechanism of graft healing formation remains unclear. In our present study, transcriptome changes in the melon and cucurbita genomes were analyzed between control and NAA treatment, and we provided the first view of complex networks to regulate graft healing under exogenous NAA application. The results showed that the exogenous NAA application could accelerate the graft healing process of oriental melon scion grafted onto squash rootstock through histological observation, increase the SOD, POD, PAL, and PPO activities during graft union development and enhance the contents of IAA, GA3, and ZR except for the IL stage. The DEGs were identified in the plant hormone signal-transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism through transcriptome analysis of CK vs. NAA at the IL, CA, and VB stage by KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Moreover, the exogenous NAA application significantly promoted the expression of genes involved in the hormone signal-transduction pathway, ROS scavenging system, and vascular bundle formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanqiang Xu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University) Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China,College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang Wu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University) Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China,College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jieying Guo
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University) Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China,College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shuan Hou
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University) Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China,College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofang Wu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University) Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China,College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Xin
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China,Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University) Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China,College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
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