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Kim JH, Lee HJ, Song HJ, Park JB. Impact of 17β-Estradiol on the Shape, Survival, Osteogenic Transformation, and mRNA Expression of Gingiva-Derived Stem Cell Spheroids. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 60:60. [PMID: 38256321 PMCID: PMC10817649 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Mesenchymal stem cells hold promise for tissue regeneration, given their robust growth and versatile differentiation capabilities. An analysis of bone marrow-sourced mesenchymal stem cell proliferation showed that 17β-estradiol could enhance their growth. This study aims to investigate the influence of 17β-estradiol on the shape, survival, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells. Materials and Methods: Spheroids made from human gingiva-derived stem cells were cultivated with varying concentrations of 17β-estradiol: 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 nM. Morphology was assessed on days 1, 3, and 5. The live/dead kit assay was employed on day 3 for qualitative cell viability, while cell counting kit-8 was used for quantitative viability assessments on days 1, 3, and 5. To evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of the spheroids, a real-time polymerase chain reaction assessed the expressions of RUNX2 and COL1A1 on day 7. Results: The stem cells formed cohesive spheroids, and the inclusion of 17β-estradiol did not noticeably alter their shape. The spheroid diameter remained consistent across concentrations of 0, 0.01, 0.1, 1, and 10 nM of 17β-estradiol. However, cellular viability was boosted with the addition of 1 and 10 nM of 17β-estradiol. The highest expression levels for RUNX2 and COL1A1 were observed with the introduction of 17β-estradiol at 0.1 nM. Conclusions: In conclusion, from the results obtained, it can be inferred that 17β-estradiol can be utilized for differentiating stem cell spheroids. Furthermore, the localized and controlled use, potentially through localized delivery systems or biomaterials, can be an area of active research. While 17β-estradiol holds promise for enhancing stem cell applications, any clinical use requires a thorough understanding of its mechanisms, careful control of its dosage and delivery, and extensive testing to ensure safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hwan Kim
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hyun-Jin Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-J.L.)
| | - Hye-Jung Song
- Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.K.); (H.-J.L.)
- Dental Implantology, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Lin Y, Guo R, R G, Xu B. Tailored modulation of S100A1 and RASSF8 expression by butanediamide augments healing of rotator cuff tears. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15791. [PMID: 37601265 PMCID: PMC10434103 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This investigation sought to elucidate promising treatment modalities for rotator cuff tears (RCTs) by delving into the molecular machinations instigating the affliction. The focus was on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) linked to RCTs, and the exploration of their roles and operative pathways. Methods DEGs were discerned from GEO datasets, followed by the establishment of a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. Subsequently, the network's core genes were determined employing a Venn diagram. Enrichment analysis facilitated the unveiling of the biological roles and signal transduction pathways of these pivotal genes, thus shedding light on molecular strategies for RCT-targeted treatment. The Discovery Studio 2019 software was employed to sift through FDA-sanctioned drugs targeting these essential proteins. Moreover, the efficaciousness of these FDA-endorsed drugs vis-à-vis RCTs was corroborated by the construction of an in vivo animal model of the injury and the in vitro cultivation of tendon-derived stem cells. Results Bioinformatics outcomes revealed a significant overexpression of S100A1 and RASSF8 in RCT patients. The FDA drug repository indicated that Butanediamide has a selective affinity for S100A1 and RASSF8. Subsequent in vivo and in vitro experimentation demonstrated that Butanediamide could suppress S100A1 expression and bolster TDSC proliferation, thereby facilitating RCT healing. Conclusions S100A1 and RASSF8 are pivotal genes implicated in RCTs, and their roles have been elucidated. The FDA-approved compound, Butanediamide, may represent a prospective therapeutic agent for RCTs by targeting S100A1 and RASSF8, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Ruipeng Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
| | - Geng R
- Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Luo N, Guo Y, Peng L, Deng F. High-fiber-diet-related metabolites improve neurodegenerative symptoms in patients with obesity with diabetes mellitus by modulating the hippocampal-hypothalamic endocrine axis. Front Neurol 2023; 13:1026904. [PMID: 36733447 PMCID: PMC9888315 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.1026904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Through transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses, this study examined the role of high-fiber diet in obesity complicated by diabetes and neurodegenerative symptoms. Method The expression matrix of high-fiber-diet-related metabolites, blood methylation profile associated with pre-symptomatic dementia in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and high-throughput single-cell sequencing data of hippocampal samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and through a literature search. Data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) after quality control and data filtering to identify different cell clusters and candidate markers. A protein-protein interaction network was mapped using the STRING database. To further investigate the interaction among high-fiber-diet-related metabolites, methylation-related DEGs related to T2DM, and single-cell marker genes related to AD, AutoDock was used for semi-flexible molecular docking. Result Based on GEO database data and previous studies, 24 marker genes associated with high-fiber diet, T2DM, and AD were identified. Top 10 core genes include SYNE1, ANK2, SPEG, PDZD2, KALRN, PTPRM, PTPRK, BIN1, DOCK9, and NPNT, and their functions are primarily related to autophagy. According to molecular docking analysis, acetamidobenzoic acid, the most substantially altered metabolic marker associated with a high-fiber diet, had the strongest binding affinity for SPEG. Conclusion By targeting the SPEG protein in the hippocampus, acetamidobenzoic acid, a metabolite associated with high-fiber diet, may improve diabetic and neurodegenerative diseases in obese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China,*Correspondence: Ning Luo ✉
| | - Yuejie Guo
- Department of Geriatrics, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Lihua Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chenzhou No. 4 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
| | - Fangli Deng
- Breast Health Care Center, Chenzhou No. 1 People's Hospital, Chenzhou, China
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Fan K, Dong Y, Li T, Li Y. Cuproptosis-associated CDKN2A is targeted by plicamycin to regulate the microenvironment in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Front Genet 2023; 13:1036408. [PMID: 36699463 PMCID: PMC9868476 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1036408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), the most common malignancy of the head and neck, has an overall 5-year survival rate of <50%. Genes associated with cuproptosis, a newly identified copper-dependent form of cell death, are aberrantly expressed in various tumours. However, their role in HNSCC remains unknown. In this study, bioinformatic analysis revealed that the cuproptosis-related gene CDKN2A was correlated with the malignant behaviour of HNSCC. Kaplan-Meier (KM) curves showed that patients with high CDKN2A expression had a better prognosis. Multiomic analysis revealed that CDKN2A may be associated with cell cycle and immune cell infiltration in the tumour microenvironment and is important for maintaining systemic homeostasis in the body. Furthermore, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggested strong binding between plicamycin and CDKN2A. And plicamycin inhibits the progression of HNSCC in cellular assays. In conclusion, this study elucidated a potential mechanism of action of the cuproptosis-associated gene CDKN2A in HNSCC and revealed that plicamycin targets CDKN2A to improve the prognosis of patients.
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Wang X, Kong F, Lin Z. Cromolyn prevents cerebral vasospasm and dementia by targeting WDR43. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1132733. [PMID: 37122373 PMCID: PMC10133528 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1132733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral vasospasm (CV) can cause inflammation and damage to neuronal cells in the elderly, leading to dementia. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the genetic mechanisms underlying dementia caused by CV in the elderly, identify preventive and therapeutic drugs, and evaluate their efficacy in treating neurodegenerative diseases. Methods Genes associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage and CV were acquired and screened for differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) associated with aneurysm rupture. A regulatory network of DEmiRNAs and mRNAs was constructed, and virtual screening was performed to evaluate possible binding patterns between Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs and core proteins. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed on the optimal docked complexes. Optimally docked drugs were evaluated for efficacy in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases through cellular experiments. Results The study found upregulated genes (including WDR43 and THBS1) and one downregulated gene associated with aneurysm rupture. Differences in the expression of these genes indicate greater disease risk. DEmiRNAs associated with ruptured aortic aneurysm were identified, of which two could bind to THBS1 and WDR43. Cromolyn and lanoxin formed the best docking complexes with WDR43 and THBS1, respectively. Cellular experiments showed that cromolyn improved BV2 cell viability and enhanced Aβ42 uptake, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for inflammation-related disorders. Conclusion The findings suggest that WDR43 and THBS1 are potential targets for preventing and treating CV-induced dementia in the elderly. Cromolyn may have therapeutic value in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
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Zhang P, Wang Y, Xing X, Li H, Wang X, Zhang H, Wang X, Li X, Li Y, Wang Q. Electroacupuncture Treats Myocardial Infarction by Influencing the Regulation of Substance P in the Neurovascular to Modulate PGI2/TXA2 Metabolic Homeostasis via PI3K/AKT Pathway: A Bioinformatics-Based Multiomics and Experimental Study. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:5367753. [PMID: 36238480 PMCID: PMC9553354 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5367753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most severe form of coronary heart disease caused by ischemia and hypoxia. The study is aimed at investigating the role of neuropeptides and the mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treatment. Compared with the normal population, a significant increase in substance P (SP) was observed in the serum of patients with AMI. PGI2 expression was increased in the SP-treated AMI mouse model, and TXA2 expression was decreased. And PI3K pathway-related genes, including Pik3ca, Akt, and Mtor, were upregulated in myocardial tissue of SP-treated AMI patients. Human cardiomyocyte cell lines (HCM) treated with SP increased mRNA and protein expression of PI3K pathway-related genes (Pik3ca, Pik3cb, Akt, and Mtor). Compared to MI control and EA-treated MI rat models, Myd88, MTOR, Akt1, Sp, and Irak1 were differentially expressed, consistent with in vivo and in vitro studies. EA treatment significantly enriched PI3K/AKT signaling pathway genes within MI-associated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) according to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG). Furthermore, it was confirmed by molecular docking analysis that PIK3CA, AKT1, and mTOR form stable dockings with neuropeptide SP. PI3K/AKT pathway activity may be affected directly or indirectly by EA via SP, which corrects the PGI2/TXA2 metabolic imbalance in AMI. MI treatment is now better understood as a result of this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Taian Traffic Hospital, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xiaomin Xing
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Hu Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Xiubin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Yanju Li
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, 271000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Postdoctoral Workstation, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, China
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Wang W, Liu W, Xu J, Jin H. MiR-33a targets FOSL1 and EN2 as a clinical prognostic marker for sarcopenia by glioma. Front Genet 2022; 13:953580. [PMID: 36061185 PMCID: PMC9428793 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.953580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the relationship between glioma and muscle aging and to predict prognosis by screening for co-expressed genes, this study examined the relationship between glioma and sarcopenia. The study identified eight co-downregulated miRNAs, three co-upregulated miRNAs, and seven genes associated with overall glioma survival, namely, KRAS, IFNB1, ALCAM, ERBB2, STAT3, FOSL1, and EN2. With a multi-factor Cox regression model incorporating FOSL1 and EN2, we obtained ROC curves of 0.702 and 0.709, respectively, suggesting that glioma prognosis can be predicted by FOSL1 and EN2, which are differentially expressed in both cancer and aged muscle. FOSL1 and EN2 were analyzed using Gene Set Enrichment Analysis to identify possible functional pathways. RT-qPCR and a dual-luciferase reporter gene system verified that hsa-miR-33a targets FOSL1 and EN2. We found that hsa-mir-33a co-targeting FOSL1 and EN2 has a good predictive value for glioblastoma and skeletal muscle reduction.
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Integrative Analysis of Exosomal miR-452 and miR-4713 Downregulating NPY1R for the Prevention of Childhood Obesity. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:2843353. [PMID: 35401881 PMCID: PMC8986441 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2843353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neuropeptides are associated with childhood obesity and exploring their regulatory mechanisms may reveal new insights for novel treatments. Childhood obesity data were downloaded from the GEO database and were used to screen for differentially expressed neuropeptides in patients with obesity. NPY1R expression was significantly upregulated in children with obesity compared to children without obesity (p < 0.05). The GEO database was used to filter differentially expressed miRNAs in patients with obesity. And hsa-mir-4713 and hsa-mir-452 were found significantly downregulated in adipose tissue. The GEO, TRRUST, and TFacts databases were used to screen all transcription factors for differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The potential regulatory networks between the differentially expressed miRNAs, TFs, and neuropeptides were mapped. In the constructed NPY1R regulatory network, the transcription factors TCF4, HEY1, and GATA3 are significantly associated with NPY1R. TCF4 and HEY1 were positively correlated with NPY1R, while GATA3 was negatively correlated with NPY1R. In the clinical peripheral blood samples, NPY1R, TCF4, and HEY1 were significantly more expressed in the obesity and the obesity with fracture group compared to the control group, while there was no statistically significant difference between the obesity group and the obesity with fracture group in terms of expression. The expression of GATA3, miR-452, and miR-4713 was also significantly lower in the obesity and the obesity with fracture groups when compared to the NC group. Therefore, NPY1R, TCF4, HEY1, GATA3, miR-452, and miR-4713 may be risk factors for fracture in obese children. The potential NPY1R regulatory function was exerted by two pathways: positive regulation caused by TCF4 and HEY1 acting on miR-4713 and negative regulation via GATA3 acting on miR-452. Potential NPY1R-related targets for the treatment of childhood obesity were provided in this study.
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Chen Y, Luo Z, Lin J, Qi B, Sun Y, Li F, Guo C, Lin W, Kang X, He X, Wang Q, Chen S, Chen J. Exploring the Potential Mechanisms of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. in Chronic Muscle Repair Patterns Using Single Cell Receptor-Ligand Marker Analysis and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9082576. [PMID: 35692879 PMCID: PMC9177293 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9082576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Information regarding the function of Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall. in skeletal muscles is still unknown. In this study, we explored the possible regulatory targets of M. (L.) Pall. that affects the repair patterns in chronic muscle injury. We analyzed the potential target genes and chemical composition of M. (L.) Pall. and constructed a "drug-component-disease target genes" network analysis. Five active ingredients and 87 corresponding targets were obtained. Muscle-tendon junction (MTJ) cells were used to perform receptor-ligand marker analysis using the CellphoneDB algorithm. Targets of M. (L.) Pall. were screened further for the cellular ligand-receptor protein action on MTJs. Enrichment analysis suggests that those protein-associated ligand receptors may be associated with a range of intercellular signaling pathways. Molecular docking validation was then performed. Five proteins (CCL2, VEGFA, MMP2, MET, and EGFR) may be regulated by the active ingredient luteolin and scoparone. Finally, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that luteolin can stably target binding to MMP2. M. (L.) Pall. influences skeletal muscle repair patterns by affecting the fibroblast interactions in the muscle-tendon junctions through the active ingredients luteolin and scoparone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Chen
- 1Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- 1Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Lin
- 1Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beijie Qi
- 1Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaying Sun
- 1Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangqi Li
- 1Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyang Guo
- 2Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Weiwei Lin
- 3Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009 Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueran Kang
- 4Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Xinyi He
- 5State Key Laboratory of Genetics Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- 6Postdoctoral Workstation, Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian 271000, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- 1Department of Sports Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiwu Chen
- 2Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
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Chen Y, Luo Z, Sun Y, Li F, Han Z, Qi B, Lin J, Lin WW, Yao M, Kang X, Huang J, Sun C, Ying C, Guo C, Xu Y, Chen J, Chen S. Exercise improves choroid plexus epithelial cells metabolism to prevent glial cell-associated neurodegeneration. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1010785. [PMID: 36188600 PMCID: PMC9523215 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1010785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that physical activities can prevent aging-related neurodegeneration. Exercise improves the metabolic landscape of the body. However, the role of these differential metabolites in preventing neurovascular unit degeneration (NVU) is still unclear. Here, we performed single-cell analysis of brain tissue from young and old mice. Normalized mutual information (NMI) was used to measure heterogeneity between each pair of cells using the non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) method. Astrocytes and choroid plexus epithelial cells (CPC), two types of CNS glial cells, differed significantly in heterogeneity depending on their aging status and intercellular interactions. The MetaboAnalyst 5.0 database and the scMetabolism package were used to analyze and calculate the differential metabolic pathways associated with aging in the CPC. These mRNAs and corresponding proteins were involved in the metabolites (R)-3-Hydroxybutyric acid, 2-Hydroxyglutarate, 2-Ketobutyric acid, 3-Hydroxyanthranilic acid, Fumaric acid, L-Leucine, and Oxidized glutathione pathways in CPC. Our results showed that CPC age heterogeneity-associated proteins (ECHS1, GSTT1, HSD17B10, LDHA, and LDHB) might be directly targeted by the metabolite of oxidized glutathione (GSSG). Further molecular dynamics and free-energy simulations confirmed the insight into GSSG's targeting function and free-energy barrier on these CPC age heterogeneity-associated proteins. By inhibiting these proteins in CPC, GSSG inhibits brain energy metabolism, whereas exercise improves the metabolic pathway activity of CPC in NVU by regulating GSSG homeostasis. In order to develop drugs targeting neurodegenerative diseases, further studies are needed to understand how physical exercise enhances NVU function and metabolism by modulating CPC-glial cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisheng Chen
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwen Luo
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaying Sun
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangqi Li
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Han
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Beijie Qi
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinrong Lin
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Wei Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengxuan Yao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
| | - Xueran Kang
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, Hebei
| | - Jiebin Huang
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenyu Sun
- AMITA Health Saint Joseph Hospital Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Chenting Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyang Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuzhen Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
- *Correspondence: Shiyi Chen, ; Jiwu Chen, ; Yuzhen Xu,
| | - Jiwu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shiyi Chen, ; Jiwu Chen, ; Yuzhen Xu,
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Shiyi Chen, ; Jiwu Chen, ; Yuzhen Xu,
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