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Tang K, Liu D, Liu N, Zeng N, Wang J, Li L, Luo Z. The physio-biochemical characterization reflected different calcium utilization efficiency between the sensitive and tolerant peanut accessions under calcium deficiency. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1250064. [PMID: 37670856 PMCID: PMC10475576 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1250064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Peanut yield in southern China is usually limited by calcium deficiency in soil. Most previous studies have found that small-seed varieties showed higher tolerance than large-seed varieties (e.g. Virginia type) under calcium deficiency, however, our preliminary research found that sensitive varieties also existed in small-seed counterparts. Few studies have been conducted to characterize low-calcium tolerance among small-seed germplasms with genetic diversity, and the differences in physiological characteristics between sensitive and tolerant varieties has not been reported yet. Thus, in order to better understand such differences, the current study firstly collected and characterized a diversity germplasm panel consisting of 50 small-seed peanut genotypes via a 2-year field trial, followed by the physiological characterization in sensitive (HN032) and tolerant (HN035) peanut genotypes under calcium deficiency. As a result, the adverse effects brought by calcium deficiency on calcium uptake and distribution in HN032 was much larger than HN035. In details, calcium uptake in the aboveground part (leaves and stems) was reduced by 16.17% and 33.66%, while in the underground part (roots and pods), it was reduced by 13.69% and 68.09% under calcium deficiency for HN035 and HN032, respectively; The calcium distribution rate in the pods of HN035 was 2.74 times higher than HN032. The utilization efficiency of calcium in the pods of HN035 was 1.68 and 1.37 times than that of HN032 under calcium deficiency and sufficiency, respectively. In addition, under calcium deficiency conditions, the activities of antioxidant enzymes SOD, POD, and CAT, as well as the MDA content, were significantly increased in the leaves of HN032, peanut yield was significantly reduced by 22.75%. However, there were no significant changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, MDA content, and peanut yield in HN035. Therefore, higher calcium absorption and utilization efficiency may be the key factors maintaining peanut yield in calcium-deficient conditions for tolerant genotypes. This study lays a solid foundation for selecting low-calcium tolerant varieties in future peanut breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Tang
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Dengwang Liu
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Arid Land Crop Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Peanut Engineering & Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Liu
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ningbo Zeng
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Arid Land Crop Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Peanut Engineering & Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Arid Land Crop Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Peanut Engineering & Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zinan Luo
- College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Arid Land Crop Research Institute, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Peanut Engineering & Technology Research Center, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Ji HS, Hyun TK. Physiological and sucrose metabolic responses to waterlogging stress in balloon flower ( Platycodon grandiflorus ( Jacq.) A. DC). PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 29:591-600. [PMID: 37181045 PMCID: PMC10148697 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-023-01310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Waterlogging stress is a major limiting factor resulting in stunted growth and loss of crop productivity, especially for root crops. However, physiological responses to waterlogging have been studied in only a few plant models. To gain insight into how balloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorus (Jacq.) A. DC) responds to waterlogging stress, we investigate changes to sucrose metabolism combined with a physiological analysis. Although waterlogging stress decreased the photosynthetic rate in balloon flower, leaves exhibited an increase in glucose (ninefold), fructose (4.7-fold), and sucrose (2.1-fold), indicating inhibition of sugar transport via the phloem. In addition, roots showed a typical response to hypoxia, such as the accumulation of proline (4.5-fold higher than in control roots) and soluble sugars (2.1-fold higher than in control roots). The activities and expression patterns of sucrose catabolizing enzymes suggest that waterlogging stress leads to a shift in the pathway of sucrose degradation from invertase to sucrose synthase (Susy), which consumes less ATP. Furthermore, we suggest that the waterlogging-stress-induced gene PlgSusy1 encodes the functional Susy enzyme, which may contribute to improving tolerance in balloon flower to waterlogging. As a first step toward understanding the waterlogging-induced regulatory mechanisms in balloon flower, we provide a solid foundation for further understanding waterlogging-induced alterations in source-sink relationships. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-023-01310-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Seong Ji
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Kyung Hyun
- Department of Industrial Plant Science and Technology, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644 Republic of Korea
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Yang H, Su J, Qi J. Autotoxicity effect of water extracts from rhizosphere soil of Elymus sibiricus in different planting years on seed germination, physiological characteristics and phytohormones of seedlings. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13768. [PMID: 35919402 PMCID: PMC9339214 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Elymus sibiricus is a highly valuable perennial forage that is widely planted in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP) region. However, E. sibiricus artificial grasslands have a short utilization lifespan, and reach the highest yield in the 2nd and 3rd year of plantation, then rapidly drop its productivity. We hypothesized that autotoxicity is one of the mechanisms for the reduction of the productivity. To test this hypothesis, we prepared the water extract from rhizosphere soils of E. sibiricus planted for 3, 4, 5, and 8 years and examined the effects of the extract concentrations at 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 g/mL on seed germination, seedling growth, physiological characteristics and phytohormones in the aboveground and roots of E. sibiricus. The results showed that the soil extract concentration, planting years, and their interaction had significant influences on the most of these indices. The soil extract inhibited the seed germination and growth of seedlings, and the inhibitory effects appeared to be stronger at the 0.5 g/mL rhizosphere soil extract for 5 and 8 years. The superoxide dismultase and peroxide activities, the free proline concentration, soluble sugar concentration were altered. The malondialdehyde concentration was, in general, increased, especially in 8 years soil extract. The indole acetic acid and gibberellic acids concentrations were lowered, while the abscisic acid concentration varied. These changes were depending on the extract concentration and the years of planting, without clear patterns in some of them in response to the extract concentration and planting years. In summary, autotoxicity can be a contributor to the retardation of the growth and development of artificial E. sibiricus grasslands. The inhibitory effects could be attribute to impaired antioxidant capacity and disturbance of osmortic-regulatory substances and plant hormones, and are more profound on the root than on the aboveground part of the seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Yang
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jinglong Su
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Juan Qi
- College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China,Centers for Grazing Land Ecosystem Sustainability, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China,Pratacultural Engineering Laboratory of Gansu Province, Sino-U.S, Lanzhou, China
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Sharma S, Bhatt U, Sharma J, Darkalt A, Mojski J, Soni V. Effect of different waterlogging periods on biochemistry, growth, and chlorophyll a fluorescence of Arachis hypogaea L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1006258. [PMID: 36438100 PMCID: PMC9686000 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1006258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Peanut is among the main oil crops in India with huge economic importance. The unpredictable rainy season during the growing time of peanuts causes waterlogging in peanut fields. Waterlogging triggers major environmental limitations that negatively affect the growth, physiology, and development of peanuts. Thus, the export and production of peanuts are severely affected by waterlogging. Therefore, the understanding of metabolic mechanisms under waterlogging is important to future water-stress tolerance breeding in peanuts. This study aimed to evaluate how peanuts responded to various waterlogging conditions in terms of their development, metabolic processes, and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics. The evaluations were carried out at different stages of peanut variety DH-86 treated with waterlogging. The peanut plants were subjected to different waterlogging periods of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 days. The growth parameters including total dry mass, total leaf area, and total leaves number were calculated in all treatments. The phenomenological and specific energy fluxes and maximum photosystem II efficiency (FV/Fm) were also determined. The measurements were done statistically using PCA, G-Means clustering, and correlation analysis to explore the interaction between different physiological parameters. The waterlogging for 100 days caused a significant reduction in the total number of leaves, dry mass, and total leaf area. The most sensitive parameters are specific and phenomenological energy fluxes and Fv/Fm, which notably decreased as waterlogging duration increased. The results indicated the growth and physiological performance of the peanut cv. DH-86 was affected significantly due to waterlogging and the interaction between all these parameters in waterlogging. This research focused on how peanuts respond to waterlogging stress and provides the basis for future plant breeding efforts to improve peanut waterlogging tolerance, especially in rainy regions. This will improve the sustainability of the entire peanut industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhangani Sharma
- Plant Bioenergetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Upma Bhatt
- Plant Bioenergetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Jyotshana Sharma
- Plant Bioenergetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
| | - Ahmad Darkalt
- Department of Renewable Natural Resources & Ecology, Engineering Agricultural Faculty, Aleppo University, Aleppo, Syria
| | - Jacek Mojski
- Twój Swiat Jacek Mojski, Lukow, Poland
- Fundacja Zielona Infrastruktura, Lukow, Poland
| | - Vineet Soni
- Plant Bioenergetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, India
- *Correspondence: Vineet Soni
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