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das Neves Costa LCP, Siqueira JAM, Teixeira DM, da Piedade GJL, Júnior ECS, Ferreira JL, da Silva LD, Gabbay YB. Circulation of adenovirus and other viruses in urban drainage channels: an environmental surveillance in Belém, Amazon region, Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:2939-2949. [PMID: 37747624 PMCID: PMC10689653 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban channels in amazon cities are very polluted, with garbage and sewage disposal in these aquatic environments, favoring the high dissemination of waterborne viruses such as human adenovirus (HAdV). The aim of this study was to perform the detection and molecular characterization of adenovirus in urban channels and in a wastewater treatment plant located in a metropolitan city in the Amazon. Additionally, metagenomic analyses were performed to assess viral diversity. Samples were concentrated by organic flocculation, analyzed by quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and sequenced (Sanger e next generation sequencing). Cell culture was performed to verify the viability of HAdV particles. A total of 104 samples were collected, being the HAdV positivity of 76% (79/104). Among the positive samples, 29.1% (23/79) were characterized as HAdV-F40 (87%, 20/23), HAdV-F41 (8.7%, 2/23), and HAdV-B (4.3%, 1/23). Average precipitation rates ranged from 163 to 614 mm, while the pH ranged from 6.9 to 7.6. Eight positive samples were inoculated into A549 cells and in 4 of these, was observed changes in the structure of the cell monolayer, alteration in the structure of the cell monolayer was observed, but without amplification when analyzed by PCR. The metagenomic data demonstrated the presence of 14 viral families, being the most abundant: Myoviridae (41% of available reads), Siphoviridae (24.5%), Podoviridae (14.1%), and Autographiviridae (6.9%) with more than 85% of the total number of identified reads. This study reinforcing that continuous surveillance may contribute to monitoring viral diversity in aquatic environments and provide early warning of potential outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jones Anderson Monteiro Siqueira
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Dielle Monteiro Teixeira
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Junior Leite da Piedade
- Postgraduate Program in Virology, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Edivaldo Costa Sousa Júnior
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - James Lima Ferreira
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Luciana Damascena da Silva
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
| | - Yvone Benchimol Gabbay
- Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health and Environment Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, PA, Brazil
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Inbaraj S, Angappan M, Thomas P, Kumar M, Irungbam K, Verma MR, Viswas KN, Abhishek, Rawat M, Chaudhuri P. Isolation and characterization of bacteriophage Ib_pec2 against shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli. J Basic Microbiol 2022; 63:472-480. [PMID: 36270976 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202200398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study was aimed to isolate and characterize bacteriophage against drug-resistant, shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC), one of the zoonotic, food-borne organisms associated with ruminants, mainly cattle. STEC were isolated (n = 35) from neonatal calves, dairy workers, and the surrounding environment and their antimicrobial resistance pattern was studied. Out of the 35 isolates tested, 17 isolates were found to be multidrug resistant to important antibiotics like ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ciprofloxacin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Bacteriophage namely Ib_pec2 was isolated against one of the STEC isolates and its morphology, genetic and proteomic characterization was done. Morphological analysis by TEM revealed bacteriophages belonging to myoviridae family. The genetic characterization of g23 gene revealed that the bacteriophage belonged to Tequatrovirus of myoviridae family. Proteomic analysis was able to identify five proteins identical to Tequatrovirus of myoviridae family. One-step growth curve experiment revealed a latency period of 40 min and a burst size of 893 pfu/bacteria. Temperature and pH ranging from 40°C to 50°C, pH 6-8, respectively. Phage could able to lyse majority of the STEC isolates. STEC are commensal organisms in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants but are pathogenic in humans. Bacteriophages can be used as alternatives to antibiotics to control bacterial growth in ruminants and prevent its further spillage in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Inbaraj
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Angappan
- Division of Veterinary Public Health, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prasad Thomas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Karuna Irungbam
- Animal Biochemistry Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Med Ram Verma
- Division of Livestock Economics, Statistics and Information Technology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Nagaleekar Viswas
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhishek
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Mayank Rawat
- (Retd)Division of Biological Standardisation, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pallab Chaudhuri
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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