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Iacopetta D, Ceramella J, Scumaci D, Catalano A, Sinicropi MS, Tundis R, Alcaro S, Borges F. An Update on Recent Studies Focusing on the Antioxidant Properties of Salvia Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2106. [PMID: 38136225 PMCID: PMC10740915 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrition has crucial effects and a significant role in disease prevention. Recently, nutraceuticals have attracted much attention in scientific research due to their pleiotropic effects and relatively non-toxic behavior. Among the biological effects displayed by plants belonging to the Lamiaceae family, such as antibacterial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and anticholinesterase, sage is well known for its antioxidant properties and is a rich source of numerous compounds that are biologically active, amongst them polyphenols, with more than 160 types identified. In this review we summarized some of the significant studies published in the last decade reporting the most employed extraction methods and the different assays that are useful for establishing the antioxidant properties of some sage species. Even though the scientific literature contains plenty of data regarding the antioxidant properties of many sage species, further studies are needed in order to gain a deeper understanding of the mechanism of action and the compounds responsible for their antioxidant activity. Finally, it should be taken into account that the data on the antioxidant properties of sage extracts are often difficult to compare with each other, since a series of variables in the extraction procedures, the type of assay used, and standardization may affect the final result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Iacopetta
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Domenica Scumaci
- Laboratory of Proteomics, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, “S Venuta” Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Research Center on Advanced Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, “S Venuta” Campus, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Stefania Sinicropi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (D.I.); (J.C.); (R.T.)
| | - Stefano Alcaro
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
- Net4Science SRL, Academic Spinoff, Università “Magna Græcia” di Catanzaro, Viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Associazione CRISEA-Centro di Ricerca e Servizi Avanzati per l’Innovazione Rurale, Loc. Condoleo, 88055 Belcastro, Italy
| | - Fernanda Borges
- CIQUP-IMS/Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;
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Raoof GFA, El-Anssary AA, Younis EA, Aly HF. Metabolomic Analysis and in Vitro Investigation of the Biological Properties of a By-Product Derived from Vicia faba. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202301095. [PMID: 37878681 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
By-products from plant sources are recently regarded as a valuable source of bioactive compounds. In this regard, the present study aims to assess the bioactivities of the 70 % MeOH extract obtained from Vicia faba peels and analyze its metabolomic profile. Acetylcholinesterase and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes inhibitory activities of the plant extract were assayed using quantitative colorimetric tests. Antioxidant activity was estimated by DPPH assay, and cytotoxic activity was evaluated against normal fibroblast skin cells (1-BJ1). Ninety-one metabolites were tentatively identified using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) hyphenated with quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS). Most of these compounds were described for the first time in the plant. In addition, catechin, rutin, quercitrin, and rhamnetin were isolated from the plant extract. The plant extract and the isolated compounds possessed no cytotoxic activity on (1-BJ1), while they exhibited anticholinesterase with the highest activity for 70 % MeOH extract (IC50 =120.11 mg/L), antioxidant potential with the highest activity for rutin (90.54±0.73 %), and carbohydrate metabolizing inhibitory activities with the highest activity for rutin. These discoveries imply that V. faba peels might serve as an efficient antioxidant, exhibit anticholinesterase properties, and have the potential for use in managing diabetes, all while avoiding cytotoxicity in normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehan F Abdel Raoof
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Research Industries Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Amira A El-Anssary
- Pharmacognosy Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Research Industries Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - Eman A Younis
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hanan F Aly
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, P.O. 12622, Giza, Egypt
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Carullo G, Mazzotta S, Ceramella J, Iacopetta D, Ramunno A, Rosano C, Brizzi A, Campiani G, Aiello F, Sinicropi MS. Development of 1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrrole-based amides acting as human topoisomerase I inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023; 356:e2300270. [PMID: 37452410 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202300270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Topoisomerases are ubiquitous enzymes in the human body, particularly involved in cancer development and progression. Topoisomerase I (topoI) performs DNA relaxation reactions by "controlled rotation" rather than by "strand passage." The inhibition of topoI has become a useful strategy to control cancer cell proliferation. Nowadays, different compounds have undergone clinical trials, but the search for new molecular entities is necessary and benefits from medicinal chemistry efforts. Pyrrole-based compounds emerged as promising antiproliferative agents, with particular interest in breast cancer therapy and topoI inhibition. Starting from these observations and based on the scaffold-hopping approach, we developed a small library of 1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrrole-based amides (7a-f) as new anticancer agents. Tested on a panel of cancer cell lines, 7a-f displayed the most interesting profile in MDA-MB-231 cells, where the most active compounds, 7d-f, were able to induce death by apoptosis. Direct enzymatic assays and docking simulations on the topoI active site (PDB: 1A35) revealed the inhibitory activity and potential binding site for the newly developed 1-(2-aminophenyl)pyrrole-based amides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Carullo
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sarah Mazzotta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Jessica Ceramella
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Domenico Iacopetta
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Anna Ramunno
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Salerno, Fisciano, Italy
| | - Camillo Rosano
- Unità di Proteomica e Spettrometria di Massa, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | - Antonella Brizzi
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia, Università degli Studi di Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Maria S Sinicropi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Scienze della Salute e della Nutrizione, Università della Calabria, Rende, Italy
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De Luca M, Restuccia D, Spizzirri UG, Crupi P, Ioele G, Gorelli B, Clodoveo ML, Saponara S, Aiello F. Wine Lees as Source of Antioxidant Molecules: Green Extraction Procedure and Biological Activity. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030622. [PMID: 36978870 PMCID: PMC10045199 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An ultrasound-assisted extraction method, employing ethanol and water as solvents at low temperature (30 °C) and reduced time (15 min), was proposed to extract bioactive molecules from different cultivars (Magliocco Canino, Magliocco Rosato, Gaglioppo, and Nocera Rosso) of wine lees. All the extract yields were evaluated and their contents of phenolic acids, flavonoids, and total polyphenols were determined by means of colorimetric assays and high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques. Radical scavenging assays were performed and the Magliocco Canino extracted with a hydroalcoholic mixture returned the best results both against ABTS (0.451 mg mL−1) and DPPH (0.395 mg mL−1) radicals. The chemometric algorithms principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square regression (PLS) were used to process the data obtained from all qualitative–quantitative sample determinations with the aim of highlighting data patterns and finding possible correlations between composition and antioxidant features of the different wine lees cultivars and the extraction procedures. Wine lees from Magliocco Canino and Magliocco Rosato were found to be the best vegetable matrices in terms of metabolite content and antioxidant properties. The components extracted with alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solvents, specifically (−)-epigallocatechin gallate, chlorogenic acid, and trans-caftaric acid, were found to be correlated with the antioxidant capacity of the extracts. Multivariate data processing was able to identify the compounds related to the antioxidant features. Two PLS models were optimized by using their concentration levels to predict the IC50 values of the extracts in terms of DPPH and ABTS with high values of correlation coefficient R2, 0.932 and 0.824, respectively, and a prediction error lower than 0.07. Finally, cellular (SH-SY5Y cells) antioxidant assays were performed on the best extract (the hydroalcoholic extract of Magliocco Canino cv) to confirm its biological performance against radical species. All these recorded data strongly outline the aptness of valorizing wine lees as a valuable source of antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Donatella Restuccia
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Umile Gianfranco Spizzirri
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Pasquale Crupi
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Ioele
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Beatrice Gorelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Lisa Clodoveo
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Saponara
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Aiello
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
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Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds in Water-Based Extracts of Vicia faba L.: A Potential Innovative Source of Nutraceutical Ingredients. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11122453. [PMID: 36552661 PMCID: PMC9774889 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11122453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The water-based extract of broad bean hulls contains several bioactive molecules, including polyphenols well-known to exert antioxidant activity, which could justify its use in nutraceutical formulations. Hence, the current investigation aimed to establish the polyphenolic profile of water-based extracts from broad bean hulls through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis. The findings highlighted that p-coumaric acid, chlorogenic acid, and epicatechin were the most common compounds found in the tested extracts, being quantified at a mean concentration of 42.1, 32.6, and 31.2 mg/100 g, respectively. Moreover, broad bean hull extracts were encapsulated into a nutraceutical formulation, after which the antioxidant properties and the bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds during the simulated gastrointestinal (GI) process were investigated and compared with the digested non-encapsulated extract. The data highlighted that following the GI process, the capsules were able to preserve active compounds from the adverse effects of digestion, resulting in a greater antioxidant capacity and polyphenol bioaccessibility in the duodenal and colonic phases, compared with the non-encapsulated extract. Our results showed that the water extract from broad bean hulls may be considered a valuable source of natural polyphenolic compounds; in addition, the use of a gastric-resistant capsule could be a suitable alternative to transport these bioactive compounds to the target tissues.
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