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Ji L, Liu Y, Wang Z, Huang Q, Cai J, Gu H, Li J, Chen X, Feng C, He X, Deng X, Cheng X, Kong X, Zhu X, Wu T, Yang B, Lin Z, Yang X, Feng G, Yu J. Causal effect analysis of estrogen receptor associated breast cancer and clear cell ovarian cancer. Am J Transl Res 2024; 16:2699-2710. [PMID: 39006281 PMCID: PMC11236669 DOI: 10.62347/ecoo9552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence indicates that the risk of developing a secondary ovarian cancer (OC) is correlated with estrogen receptor (ER) status. However, the clinical significance of the relationship between ER-associated breast cancer (BC) and clear cell ovarian cancer (CCOC) remains elusive. METHODS Independent single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) strongly correlated with exposure were extracted, and those associated with confounders and outcomes were removed using the PhenoScanner database. SNP effects were extracted from the outcome datasets with minor allele frequency > 0.01 as the filtration criterion. Next, valid instrumental variables (IVs) were obtained by harmonizing exposure and outcome effects and further filtered based on F-statistics (> 10). Mendelian randomization (MR) assessment of valid IVs was carried out using inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger (ME), weighted median (WM), and multiplicative random effects-inverse variance weighted (MRE-IVW) methods. For sensitivity analysis and visualization of MR findings, a heterogeneity test, a pleiotropy test, a leave-one-out test, scatter plots, forest plots, and funnel plots were employed. RESULTS MR analyses with all four methods revealed that CCOC was not causally associated with ER-negative BC (IVW results: odds ratio (OR) = 0.89, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.66-1.20, P = 0.431) or ER-positive BC (IVW results: OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.88-1.12, P = 0.901). F-statistics were computed for each valid IV, all of which exceeded 10. The stability and reliability of the results were confirmed by sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that CCOC dids not have a causal association with ER-associated BC. The absence of a definitive causal link between ER-associated BC and CCOC suggested a minimal true causal influence of ER-associated BC exposure factors on CCOC. These results indicated that individuals afflicted by ER-associated BC could alleviate concerns regarding the developing of CCOC, thereby aiding in preserving their mental well-being stability and optimizing the efficacy of primary disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zihan Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiuru Huang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaying Cai
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Han Gu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaxin Li
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nantong First People’s Hospital, Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chenrui Feng
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuxin He
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaonan Deng
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xinmeng Cheng
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiuwen Kong
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqi Zhu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binbin Yang
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ziwen Lin
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guannan Feng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical UniversitySuzhou 215000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Nantong UniversityNantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
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Ito Y, Kobori T, Urashima Y, Ito T, Hotta K, Obata T. Moesin affects the plasma membrane expression and the immune checkpoint function of CD47 in human ovarian clear cell carcinoma. J Reprod Immunol 2024; 161:104185. [PMID: 38141516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.104185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Among major histological subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancer, a higher incidence of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is observed in East Asian populations, particularly in Japan. Despite recent progress in the immune checkpoint inhibitors for a wide variety of cancer cell types, patients with OCCC exhibit considerably low response rates to these drugs. Hence, urgent efforts are needed to develop a novel immunotherapeutic approach for OCCC. CD47, a transmembrane protein, is overexpressed in almost all cancer cells and disrupts macrophage phagocytic activity in cancer cells. Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin (ERM) family member of proteins serve as scaffold proteins by crosslinking certain transmembrane proteins with the actin cytoskeleton, contributing to their plasma membrane localization. Here, we examined the role of ERM family in the plasma membrane localization and functionality of CD47 in OCCC cell lines derived from Japanese women. Confocal laser scanning microscopy analysis showed colocalization of CD47 with all three ERM in the plasma membrane of OCCC cells. RNA interference-mediated gene silencing of moesin, but not others, decreased the plasma membrane expression and immune checkpoint function of CD47, as determined by flow cytometry and in vitro phagocytosis assay using human macrophage-like cells, respectively. Interestingly, clinical database analysis indicated that moesin expression in OCCC was higher than that in other histological subtypes of ovarian cancers, and the expression of CD47 and moesin increased with the cancer stage. In conclusion, moesin is overexpressed in OCCC and may be the predominant scaffold protein responsible for CD47 plasma membrane localization and function in OCCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Ito
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Takuro Kobori
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Yoko Urashima
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Takuya Ito
- Laboratory of Natural Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Kikuko Hotta
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan
| | - Tokio Obata
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Ohtani University, 3-11-1 Nishikiori-kita, Tondabayashi, Osaka 584-8540, Japan.
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