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Foxall RL, Means J, Marcinkiewicz AL, Schillaci C, DeRosia-Banick K, Xu F, Hall JA, Jones SH, Cooper VS, Whistler CA. Inoviridae prophage and bacterial host dynamics during diversification, succession, and Atlantic invasion of Pacific-native Vibrio parahaemolyticus. mBio 2024; 15:e0285123. [PMID: 38112441 PMCID: PMC10790759 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.02851-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE An understanding of the processes that contribute to the emergence of pathogens from environmental reservoirs is critical as changing climate precipitates pathogen evolution and population expansion. Phylogeographic analysis of Vibrio parahaemolyticus hosts combined with the analysis of their Inoviridae phage resolved ambiguities of diversification dynamics which preceded successful Atlantic invasion by the epidemiologically predominant ST36 lineage. It has been established experimentally that filamentous phage can limit host recombination, but here, we show that phage loss is linked to rapid bacterial host diversification during epidemic spread in natural ecosystems alluding to a potential role for ubiquitous inoviruses in the adaptability of pathogens. This work paves the way for functional analyses to define the contribution of inoviruses in the evolutionary dynamics of environmentally transmitted pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi L. Foxall
- Northeast Center for Vibrio Disease and Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jillian Means
- Northeast Center for Vibrio Disease and Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Ashely L. Marcinkiewicz
- Northeast Center for Vibrio Disease and Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
- Graduate Program in Microbiology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Christopher Schillaci
- Northeast Center for Vibrio Disease and Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Kristin DeRosia-Banick
- Northeast Center for Vibrio Disease and Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- Northeast Center for Vibrio Disease and Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Jeffrey A. Hall
- Northeast Center for Vibrio Disease and Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Stephen H. Jones
- Northeast Center for Vibrio Disease and Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Vaughn S. Cooper
- Northeast Center for Vibrio Disease and Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cheryl A. Whistler
- Northeast Center for Vibrio Disease and Ecology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Biomedical Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
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Gestal MC, Johnson HM, Harvill ET. Immunomodulation as a Novel Strategy for Prevention and Treatment of Bordetella spp. Infections. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2869. [PMID: 31921136 PMCID: PMC6923730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-adapted pathogens have evolved to survive the many challenges of a robust immune response. Defending against all host antimicrobials simultaneously would be exceedingly difficult, if not impossible, so many co-evolved organisms utilize immunomodulatory tools to subvert, distract, and/or evade the host immune response. Bordetella spp. present many examples of the diversity of immunomodulators and an exceptional experimental system in which to study them. Recent advances in this experimental system suggest strategies for interventions that tweak immunity to disrupt bacterial immunomodulation, engaging more effective host immunity to better prevent and treat infections. Here we review advances in the understanding of respiratory pathogens, with special focus on Bordetella spp., and prospects for the use of immune-stimulatory interventions in the prevention and treatment of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica C Gestal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hannah M Johnson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Eric T Harvill
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
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Paff ML, Nuismer SL, Ellington AD, Molineux IJ, May RH, Bull JJ. Design and engineering of a transmissible antiviral defense. J Biol Eng 2016; 10:12. [PMID: 27752283 PMCID: PMC5062863 DOI: 10.1186/s13036-016-0033-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We propose, model, and implement a novel system of population-level intervention against a virus. One context is a treatment against a chronic infection such as HIV. The underlying principle is a form of virus ‘wars’ in which a benign, transmissible agent is engineered to protect against infection by and spread of a lethal virus. In our specific case, the protective agent consists of two entities, a benign virus and a gene therapy vector mobilized by the benign virus. Results Numerical analysis of a mathematical model identified parameter ranges in which adequate, population-wide protection is achieved. The protective system was implemented and tested using E. coli, bacteriophage M13 and a phagemid vector mobilized by M13 to block infection by the lethal phage T5. Engineering of M13 profoundly improved its dynamical properties for facilitating spread of the gene therapy vector. However, the gene therapy vector converts the host cell to resist T5 too slowly for protection on a time scale appropriate for T5. Conclusions Overall, there is a reasonable marriage between the mathematical model and the empirical system, suggesting that such models can be useful guides to the design of such systems even before the models incorporate most of the relevant biological details. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13036-016-0033-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Paff
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA ; Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA
| | - Scott L Nuismer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, 83843 ID USA
| | - Andrew D Ellington
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA ; Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA ; Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA
| | - Ian J Molineux
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA ; Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA
| | - Ryan H May
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, 83843 ID USA
| | - James J Bull
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA ; Institute of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA ; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712 TX USA
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