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Santos Filho EBD, Brum AS, Souza GADE, Figueiredo RG, Usma CD, Ricetti JHZ, Trevisan C, Leppe M, Sayão JM, Lima FJ, Oliveira GR, Kellner AWA. First record of insect-plant interaction in Late Cretaceous fossils from Nelson Island (South Shetland Islands Archipelago), Antarctica. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20231268. [PMID: 38088643 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320231268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the enormous paleobotanical record on different islands of the Antarctic Peninsula, the evidence of insect activity associated with fossilized plants is scarce. Here we report the first evidence of insect-plant interaction from Cretaceous deposits, more precisely from a new locality at the Rip Point area, Nelson Island (Antarctic Peninsula). The macrofossil assemblage includes isolated Nothofagus sp. leaf impressions, a common component of the Antarctic paleoflora. Two hundred leaves were examined, of which 15 showed evidence of insect activity, displaying variations in size, shape, and preservation. Two types of interaction damage, galls and mines, were identified. A single specimen retained a circular scar recognized as galling scar, while meandering tracks were considered mines. These traces of herbivore insect activity, correspond to the oldest known record of this type of interaction of West Antarctica and the oldest record of insect-plant interaction in Nothofagus sp. reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edilson B Dos Santos Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego, 1235, Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Arthur S Brum
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Museu Nacional/ Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Laboratório de Paleobiologia e Paleogeografia Antártica, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Geovane A DE Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Museu Nacional/ Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Laboratório de Paleobiologia e Paleogeografia Antártica, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo G Figueiredo
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Exatas, Naturais e da Saúde, Departamento de Biologia, Alto Universitário, s/n, Guararema, 29500-000 Alegre, ES, Brazil
| | - Cristian D Usma
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Núcleo de Estudos Geoquímicos, Laboratório de Isótopos Estáveis, NEG-LABISE/CTG, Av. Acadêmico Hélio Ramos, s/n, 50740-530 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - João Henrique Z Ricetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Instituto de Geociências, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91509-900 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Universidade do Contestado, Centro de Pesquisas Paleontológicas, Av. Pres. Nereu Ramos, 1071, 89304-076 Mafra, SC, Brazil
| | - Cristine Trevisan
- Antarctic and Patagonia Paleobiology Laboratory, Chilean Antarctic Institute-INACH, Lautaro Navarro 1245, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Marcelo Leppe
- Antarctic and Patagonia Paleobiology Laboratory, Chilean Antarctic Institute-INACH, Lautaro Navarro 1245, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - Juliana M Sayão
- Museu Nacional/ Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Laboratório de Paleobiologia e Paleogeografia Antártica, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flaviana J Lima
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Laboratório de Plantas do Gondwana, Centro Acadêmico de Vitória, Rua do Alto Reservatório, s/n, Bela Vista, 55608-680 Vitória de Santo Antão, PE, Brazil
| | - Gustavo R Oliveira
- Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Paleontologia e Sistemática, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, 52171-900 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Alexander W A Kellner
- Museu Nacional/ Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Laboratório de Paleobiologia e Paleogeografia Antártica, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, 20940-040 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Departamento de Geologia e Paleontologia, Laboratório de Sistemática e Tafonomia de Vertebrados Fósseis, Quinta da Boa Vista, s/n, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Labandeira CC, Wappler T. Arthropod and Pathogen Damage on Fossil and Modern Plants: Exploring the Origins and Evolution of Herbivory on Land. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 68:341-361. [PMID: 36689301 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120120-102849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of the functional feeding group-damage type system for analyzing arthropod and pathogen interactions with plants has transformed our understanding of herbivory in fossil plant assemblages by providing data, analyses, and interpretation of the local, regional, and global patterns of a 420-Myr history. The early fossil record can be used to answer major questions about the oldest evidence for herbivory, the early emergence of herbivore associations on land plants, and later expansion on seed plants. The subsequent effects of the Permian-Triassic ecological crisis on herbivore diversity, the resulting formation of biologically diverse herbivore communities on gymnosperms, and major shifts in herbivory ensuing from initial angiosperm diversification are additional issues that need to be addressed. Studies ofherbivory resulting from more recent transient spikes and longer-term climate trends provide important data that are applied to current global change and include herbivore community responses to latitude, altitude, and habitat. Ongoing paleoecological themes remaining to be addressed include the antiquity of modern interactions, differential herbivory between ferns and angiosperms, and origins of modern tropical forests. The expansion of databases that include a multitude of specimens; improvements in sampling strategies; development of new analytical methods; and, importantly, the ability to address conceptually stimulating ecological and evolutionary questions have provided new impetus in this rapidly advancing field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrad C Labandeira
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA;
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Torsten Wappler
- Natural History Department, Hessisches Landesmuseum, Darmstadt, Germany;
- Paleontology Section, Institute of Geosciences, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universität Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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Maccracken SA, Miller IM, Johnson KR, Sertich JM, Labandeira CC. Insect herbivory on Catula gettyi gen. et sp. nov. (Lauraceae) from the Kaiparowits Formation (Late Cretaceous, Utah, USA). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0261397. [PMID: 35061696 PMCID: PMC8782542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Upper Cretaceous (Campanian Stage) Kaiparowits Formation of southern Utah, USA, preserves abundant plant, invertebrate, and vertebrate fossil taxa. Taken together, these fossils indicate that the ecosystems preserved in the Kaiparowits Formation were characterized by high biodiversity. Hundreds of vertebrate and invertebrate species and over 80 plant morphotypes are recognized from the formation, but insects and their associations with plants are largely undocumented. Here, we describe a new fossil leaf taxon, Catula gettyi gen et. sp. nov. in the family Lauraceae from the Kaiparowits Formation. Catula gettyi occurs at numerous localities in this deposit that represent ponded and distal floodplain environments. The type locality for C. gettyi has yielded 1,564 fossil leaf specimens of this species, which provides the opportunity to circumscribe this new plant species. By erecting this new genus and species, we are able to describe ecological associations on C. gettyi and place these interactions within a taxonomic context. We describe an extensive archive of feeding damage on C. gettyi caused by herbivorous insects, including more than 800 occurrences of insect damage belonging to five functional feeding groups indicating that insect-mediated damage on this taxon is both rich and abundant. Catula gettyi is one of the best-sampled host plant taxa from the Mesozoic Era, a poorly sampled time interval, and its insect damage is comparable to other Lauraceae taxa from the younger Late Cretaceous Hell Creek Flora of North Dakota, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Augusta Maccracken
- Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO, United States of America
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
| | - Ian M. Miller
- Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO, United States of America
- National Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kirk R. Johnson
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Sertich
- Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Conrad C. Labandeira
- Department of Earth Sciences, Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO, United States of America
- Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
- BEES Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America
- College of Life Sciences, Capital Normal University, Beijing,China
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Labandeira CC. Ecology and Evolution of Gall-Inducing Arthropods: The Pattern From the Terrestrial Fossil Record. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.632449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect and mite galls on land plants have a spotty but periodically rich and abundant fossil record of damage types (DTs), ichnotaxa, and informally described gall morphotypes. The earliest gall is on a liverwort of the Middle Devonian Period at 385 million years ago (Ma). A 70-million-year-long absence of documented gall activity ensues. Gall activity resumes during the Pennsylvanian Period (315 Ma) on vegetative and reproductive axial organs of horsetails, ferns, and probably conifers, followed by extensive diversification of small, early hemipteroid galler lineages on seed-plant foliage during the Permian Period. The end-Permian (P-Tr) evolutionary and ecological crisis extinguished most gall lineages; survivors diversified whose herbivore component communities surpassed pre-P-Tr levels within 10 million years in the mid-to late Triassic (242 Ma). During the late Triassic and Jurassic Period, new groups of galling insects colonized Ginkgoales, Bennettitales, Pinales, Gnetales, and other gymnosperms, but data are sparse. Diversifying mid-Cretaceous (125–90 Ma) angiosperms hosted a major expansion of 24 gall DTs organized as herbivore component communities, each in overlapping Venn-diagram fashion on early lineages of Austrobaileyales, Laurales, Chloranthales, and Eurosidae for the Dakota Fm (103 Ma). Gall diversification continued into the Ora Fm (92 Ma) of Israel with another 25 gall morphotypes, but as ichnospecies on a different spectrum of plant hosts alongside the earliest occurrence of parasitoid attack. The End-Cretaceous (K-Pg) extinction event (66 Ma) almost extinguished host–specialist DTs; surviving gall lineages expanded to a pre-K-Pg level 10 million years later at the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) (56 Ma), at which time a dramatic increase of land surface temperatures and multiplying of atmospheric pCO2 levels induced a significant level of increased herbivory, although gall diversity increased only after the PETM excursion and during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum (EECO). After the EECO, modern (or structurally convergent) gall morphotypes originate in the mid-Paleogene (49–40 Ma), evidenced by the Republic, Messel, and Eckfeld floras on hosts different from their modern analogs. During subsequent global aridification, the early Neogene (20 Ma) Most flora of the Czech Republic records several modern associations with gallers and plant hosts congeneric with their modern analogs. Except for 21 gall DTs in New Zealand flora, the gall record decreases in richness, although an early Pleistocene (3 Ma) study in France documents the same plant surviving as an endemic northern Iran but with decreasing associational, including gall, host specificity.
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