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Dieterle MP, Gross T, Steinberg T, Tomakidi P, Becker K, Vach K, Kremer K, Proksch S. Characterization of a Stemness-Optimized Purification Method for Human Dental-Pulp Stem Cells: An Approach to Standardization. Cells 2022; 11:cells11203204. [PMID: 36291072 PMCID: PMC9600643 DOI: 10.3390/cells11203204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are promising for oral/craniofacial regeneration, but their purification and characterization is not yet standardized. hDPSCs from three donors were purified by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS)-assisted STRO-1-positive cell enrichment (+), colony derivation (c), or a combination of both (c/+). Immunophenotype, clonogenicity, stemness marker expression, senescence, and proliferation were analyzed. Multilineage differentiation was assessed by qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and extracellular matrix mineralization. To confirm the credibility of the results, repeated measures analysis and post hoc p-value adjustment were applied. All hDPSC fractions expressed STRO-1 and were similar for several surface markers, while their clonogenicity and expression of CD10/44/105/146, and 166 varied with the purification method. (+) cells proliferated significantly faster than (c/+), while (c) showed the highest increase in metabolic activity. Colony formation was most efficient in (+) cells, which also exhibited the lowest cellular senescence. All hDPSCs produced mineralized extracellular matrix. Regarding osteogenic induction, (c/+) revealed a significant increase in mRNA expression of COL5A1 and COL6A1, while osteogenic marker genes were detected at varying levels. (c/+) were the only population missing BDNF gene transcription increase during neurogenic induction. All hDPSCs were able to differentiate into chondrocytes. In summary, the three hDPSCs populations showed differences in phenotype, stemness, proliferation, and differentiation capacity. The data suggest that STRO-1-positive cell enrichment is the optimal choice for hDPSCs purification to maintain hDPSCs stemness. Furthermore, an (immuno) phenotypic characterization is the minimum requirement for quality control in hDPSCs studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Philipp Dieterle
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tara Gross
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre for Dental Medicine Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-761-27047460
| | - Pascal Tomakidi
- Division of Oral Biotechnology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Becker
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre for Dental Medicine Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kirstin Vach
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katrin Kremer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Proksch
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Centre for Dental Medicine Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- G.E.R.N. Center for Tissue Replacement, Regeneration & Neogenesis, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
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Wei L, Qin S, Ye Y, Hu J, Luo D, Li Y, Gao Y, Jiang L, Zhou Q, Xie X, Li N. Chondrogenic potential of manganese-loaded composite scaffold combined with chondrocytes for articular cartilage defect. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2022; 33:74. [PMID: 36219265 PMCID: PMC9553786 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-022-06695-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage is an alymphatic, avascular and non-innervated tissue. Lack of potential regenerative capacity to reconstruct chondral defect has accelerated investigation and development of new strategy for cartilage repair. We prepared a manganese ion-incorporated natupolymer-based scaffold with chitosan-gelatin by freeze-drying procedure. The scaffold was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, compressive testing, and analysis of porosity and flexibility. Live/dead assay confirmed the good cytocompatibility of prepared scaffold on rat articular chondrocytes after 10 days and 4 weeks of culture. The manganese-loaded composite scaffold upregulated the expression of chondrogenic-related markers (Sox9, integrin, and Col II) in chondrocytes. Western blot analysis of proteins extracted from chondrocytes grown on scaffolds indicated the signaling pathways of p-Akt and p-ERK1/2 played a key role. Histological analysis following implantation of current composite scaffold loaded with chondrocytes into a rat articular cartilage defect model showed that the scaffolds promoted the formation of collagen II and cartilage repair. These findings suggested the potential of manganese-loaded scaffold to promote new cartilage formation and a promising strategy for articular cartilage engineering application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wei
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuai Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yulin Ye
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiawei Hu
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danyang Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yusi Li
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liting Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xianfei Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Abidin IZZ, Manogaran T, Wahab RMA, Yazid F, Ariffin SHZ. A Comparative Analysis of Ascorbic Acid-induced Cytotoxicity and Differentiation between SHED and DPSC. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:576-588. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x17666220124141310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim:
The aim of this study was to compare dental pulp tissue in human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) and dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in response to ascorbic acid as the sole osteoblast inducer.
Background:
A cocktail of ascorbic acid, β-glycerophosphate, and dexamethasone has been widely used to induce osteoblast differentiation. However, under certain conditions, β-glycerophosphate and dexamethasone can cause a decrease in cell viability in stem cells.
Objectives:
This study aims to determine the cytotoxic effect and potential of ascorbic acid as the sole inducer of osteoblast differentiation.
Methods:
Cytotoxicity analyses in the presence of 10-500 µg/mL ascorbic acid were performed in both cell types using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The concentrations below the IC50 (i.e., 10-150 µg/mL) were used to determine osteoblast differentiation potential of ascorbic acid using the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay, von Kossa staining, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.
Results:
SHEDs and DPSCs proliferated for 21 days, expressed a Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC) marker (CD73+), and did not express Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) markers (CD34- and SLAMF1-). SHEDs had a higher range of IC50 values (215-240 µg/mL ascorbic acid), while the IC50 values for DPSCs were 177-211 µg/mL after 24-72 hours. SHEDs treated with 10-100 µg/mL ascorbic acid alone exhibited higher ALP-specific activity and a higher percentage of mineralisation than DPSCs. Both cell types expressed osteoblast markers on day 21, i.e., RUNX2+ and BSP+, in the presence of ascorbic acid.
Conclusions:
SHEDs survive at higher concentrations of ascorbic acid as compared to DPSC. The cytotoxic effect was only exhibited at ≥250 µg/mL ascorbic acid. In addition, SHED exhibited better ALP and mineralization activities, but lower osteoblast marker expression than DPSC in response to ascorbic acid as the sole inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thanaletchumi Manogaran
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab
- Centre of Family Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Farinawati Yazid
- Centre of Family Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Ahuja N, Awad KR, Brotto M, Aswath PB, Varanasi V. A comparative study on silicon nitride, titanium and polyether ether ketone on mouse pre-osteoblast cells. MEDICAL DEVICES & SENSORS 2021; 4:e10139. [PMID: 35765350 PMCID: PMC9236125 DOI: 10.1002/mds3.10139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current study provides more insights about the surface bioactivity of the silicon nitride (Si3N4) as a potential candidate for bone regeneration in craniofacial and orthopaedic applications compared with conventional implantation materials. Current skeletal reconstructive materials such as titanium and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) are limited by poor long-term stability, biocompatibility and prolonged healing. Si3N4 is an FDA-approved material for an intervertebral spacer in spinal fusion applications. It is biocompatible and has antimicrobial properties. Here, we hypothesize that Si3N4 was found to be an osteoconductive material and conducts the growth, differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells for extracellular matrix deposition, mineralization and eventual bone regeneration for craniofacial and orthopaedic applications. MC3T3-E1 cells were used to study the osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization on sterile samples of Si3N4, titanium alloy and PEEK. The samples were then analysed for extracellular matrix deposition and mineralization by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, Alizarin Red, qRT-PCR and ELISA. The in vitro study indicates the formation of collagen fibres and mineral deposition on all three sample surfaces. There was more profound and faster ECM deposition and mineralization on Si3N4 surface as compared to titanium and PEEK. The FTIR and Raman spectroscopy show formation of collagen and mineral deposition at 30 days for Si3N4 and titanium and not PEEK. The peaks shown by Raman for Si3N4 resemble closely to natural bone. Results also indicate the upregulation of osteogenic transcription factors such as RUNX2, SP7, collagen type I and osteocalcin. The authors concluded that Si3N4 rapidly conducts mineralized tissue formation via extracellular matrix deposition and biomarker expression in mouse calvarial pre-osteoblast cells. Thus, this study confirms that the bioactive Si3N4 could be a potential material for craniofacial and orthopaedic applications leading to rapid bone regeneration that resemble the natural bone structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Ahuja
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Kamal R. Awad
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Pranesh B Aswath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Venu Varanasi
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing and Health Innovation, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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Wu S, Kai Z, Wang D, Tao L, Zhang P, Wang D, Liu D, Sun S, Zhong J. Allogenic chondrocyte/osteoblast-loaded β-tricalcium phosphate bioceramic scaffolds for articular cartilage defect treatment. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 47:1570-1576. [PMID: 31007085 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1604534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The medical community has expressed significant interest in the treatment of cartilage defect. Successful repair of articular cartilage defects remains a challenge in clinics. Due to the huge advantages of 3D micro/nanomaterials, 3D artificial micro/nano scaffolds have been widely developed and explored in the tissue repair of articular joints. In this study, chondrocyte/osteoblast-loaded β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic scaffold and chondrocyte-loaded β-TCP bioceramic scaffold were prepared by micromass stem cell culture and bioreactor-based cells-loaded scaffold culture for articular cartilage defect treatment. The results demonstrate chondrocyte and osteoblast can be successfully induced from allogeneic bone marrow stromal cells using micromass stem cell culture. Further, chondrocyte-loaded β-TCP scaffold and osteoblast-loaded β-TCP scaffold can be successfully prepared by bioreactor-based cells-loaded scaffold culture. Finally, the scaffolds are applied for Beagle articular cartilage defect treatment. The relative cartilage regeneration abilities on Beagle femoral trochleae were as follows: Chondrocyte/osteoblast-loaded β-TCP bioceramic scaffold group > chondrocyte-loaded β-TCP bioceramic scaffold group > β-TCP bioceramic scaffold. Therefore, micromass stem cell culture and bioreactor-based cells-loaded scaffold culture can be applied to prepare chondrocyte/osteoblast-loaded β-TCP bioceramic scaffold for articular cartilage defect treatment. It suggests allogenic chondrocyte/osteoblast-loaded β-TCP bioceramic scaffold could be potentially used in the treatment of patients with cartilage defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wu
- a Shandong Provincial Hospital , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguo Kai
- b The No.4 hospital of Jinan , Jinan , People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- a Shandong Provincial Hospital , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Tao
- c Integrated Scientific Research Base on Comprehensive Utilization Technology for By-Products of Aquatic Product Processing , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
- d Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai) , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
- e Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, College of Food Science & Technology , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- a Shandong Provincial Hospital , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China
| | - Dawei Wang
- a Shandong Provincial Hospital , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China
| | - Dongxing Liu
- a Shandong Provincial Hospital , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China
| | - Shui Sun
- a Shandong Provincial Hospital , Shandong University , Jinan , People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhong
- c Integrated Scientific Research Base on Comprehensive Utilization Technology for By-Products of Aquatic Product Processing , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
- d Laboratory of Quality & Safety Risk Assessment for Aquatic Products on Storage and Preservation (Shanghai) , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
- e Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquatic-Product Processing & Preservation, College of Food Science & Technology , Shanghai Ocean University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
- f State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers , Fudan University , Shanghai , People's Republic of China
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