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Gu XP, Yang LL, Qi DM, Zhang D, Liu TL, Dong CM. Regulation of gene expression in the secondary metabolic synthesis pathway of Lonicera japonica Flos by yeast polysaccharides. PHYSIOLOGY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF PLANTS : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 30:1071-1084. [PMID: 39100882 PMCID: PMC11291845 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-024-01482-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Lonicera japonica Flos is a valuable herb in the Lonicerae family. While transcriptomic studies on L. japonica have focused on different tissues (stems, leaves, flowers) or flowering stages, few have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying chemical composition synthesis influenced by exogenous factors, such as foliar fertilization. Moreover, most transcriptomic studies on L. Japonica have been conducted on chlorogenic acid and luteoloside, and the molecular synthesis mechanism of the overall chemical composition has not been analyzed. Methods: We conducted a single-factor, four-level foliar fertilization experiment using yeast polysaccharides. Different yeast polysaccharides concentrations were sprayed on L. japonica for six consecutive days with dynamic sampling. High-performance liquid chromatography determined the active ingredients in each group. The two groups exhibiting the most significant differences were selected for transcriptomic analysis to identify key synthetic genes responsible for L. japonica's active ingredients. Key results: Principal component analysis conducted on samples collected on September 8 revealed significant differences in the active ingredient amounts between the 0.1 g/L yeast polysaccharides treatment group and the control group. Transcriptome sequencing analysis identified 218 significantly differentially expressed genes, including 60 upregulated and 158 downregulated genes. Twelve differential genes involved in the chemical components synthesis pathway of L. japonica under yeast polysaccharides treatment were identified: PAL1, PAL2, PAL3, 4CL1, 4CL, CHS1, CHS2, CHS, CHI1, CHI2, F3H, and SOH. Conclusions: This study contributes to the theoretical understanding of essential synthetic genes associated with L. japonica's active ingredients. It offers data support for further gene exploration and sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying L. japonica quality formation. These findings hold significant implications for enhancing the content of secondary metabolites of L. japonica. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12298-024-01482-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-peng Gu
- Henan Provincial Ecological Planting Engineering Technology Research Center of Daodi Herbs, School of Pharmay, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Lin-lin Yang
- Henan Provincial Ecological Planting Engineering Technology Research Center of Daodi Herbs, School of Pharmay, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Da-ming Qi
- Henan Provincial Ecological Planting Engineering Technology Research Center of Daodi Herbs, School of Pharmay, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Di Zhang
- Henan Provincial Ecological Planting Engineering Technology Research Center of Daodi Herbs, School of Pharmay, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Tian-liang Liu
- Henan Provincial Ecological Planting Engineering Technology Research Center of Daodi Herbs, School of Pharmay, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
| | - Cheng-ming Dong
- Henan Provincial Ecological Planting Engineering Technology Research Center of Daodi Herbs, School of Pharmay, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046 China
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Guan R, Guo F, Guo R, Wang S, Sun X, Zhao Q, Zhang C, Li S, Lin H, Lin J. Integrated metabolic profiling and transcriptome analysis of Lonicera japonica flowers for chlorogenic acid, luteolin and endogenous hormone syntheses. Gene 2023; 888:147739. [PMID: 37633535 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
The active ingredients of many medicinal plants are the secondary metabolites associated with the growth period. Lonicera japonica Thunb. is an important traditional Chinese medicine, and the flower development stage is an important factor that influences the quality of medicinal ingredients. In this study, transcriptomics and metabolomics were performed to reveal the regulatory mechanism of secondary metabolites during flowering of L. japonica. The results showed that the content of chlorogenic acid (CGA) and luteolin gradually decreased from green bud stage (Sa) to white flower stage (Sc), especially from white flower bud stage (Sb) to Sc. Most of the genes encoding the crucial rate-limiting enzymes, including PAL, C4H, HCT, C3'H, F3'H and FNSII, were down-regulated in three comparisons. Correlation analysis identified some members of the MYB, AP2/ERF, bHLH and NAC transcription factor families that are closely related to CGA and luteolin biosynthesis. Furthermore, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in hormone biosynthesis, signalling pathways and flowering process were analysed in three flower developmental stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renwei Guan
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, PR China; Shandong Yate Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., Linyi 276017, PR China; State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
| | - Fengdan Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Ruiqi Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Shu Wang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Xinru Sun
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Qiuchen Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Cuicui Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Shengbo Li
- Shandong Yate Ecological Technology Co., Ltd., Linyi 276017, PR China
| | - Huibin Lin
- Institute of Chinese Medicine Resources, Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, PR China.
| | - Jianqiang Lin
- State Key Lab of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, PR China
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Zhang W, Li H, Li Q, Wang Z, Zeng W, Yin H, Qi K, Zou Y, Hu J, Huang B, Gu P, Qiao X, Zhang S. Genome-wide identification, comparative analysis and functional roles in flavonoid biosynthesis of cytochrome P450 superfamily in pear (Pyrus spp.). BMC Genom Data 2023; 24:58. [PMID: 37789271 PMCID: PMC10548706 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-023-01159-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily is the largest enzyme metabolism family in plants identified to date, and it is involved in many biological processes, including secondary metabolite biosynthesis, hormone metabolism and stress resistance. However, the P450 gene superfamily has not been well studied in pear (Pyrus spp.). RESULTS Here, the comprehensive identification and a comparative analysis of P450 superfamily members were conducted in cultivated and wild pear genomes. In total, 338, 299 and 419 P450 genes were identified in Chinese white pear, European pear and the wild pear, respectively. Based on the phylogenetic analyses, pear P450 genes were divided into ten clans, comprising 48 families. The motif and gene structure analyses further supported this classification. The expansion of the pear P450 gene family was attributed to whole-genome and single-gene duplication events. Several P450 gene clusters were detected, which have resulted from tandem and proximal duplications. Purifying selection was the major force imposed on the long-term evolution of P450 genes. Gene dosage balance, subfunctionalization and neofunctionalization jointly drove the retention and functional diversification of P450 gene pairs. Based on the association analysis between transcriptome expression profiles and flavonoid content during fruit development, three candidate genes were identified as being closely associated with the flavonoid biosynthesis, and the expression of one gene was further verified using qRT-PCR and its function was validated through transient transformation in pear fruit. CONCLUSIONS The study results provide insights into the evolution and biological functions of P450 genes in pear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qionghou Li
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zewen Wang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Kaijie Qi
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ying Zou
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jian Hu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Baisha Huang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Peng Gu
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Qiao
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Shaoling Zhang
- Sanya Institute of Nanjing Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Li Y, Zhao X, Zhang MM, He X, Huang Y, Ahmad S, Liu ZJ, Lan S. Genome-based identification of the CYP75 gene family in Orchidaceae and its expression patterns in Cymbidium goeringii. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1243828. [PMID: 37828920 PMCID: PMC10564990 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1243828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
With a great diversity of species, Orchidaceae stands out as an essential component of plant biodiversity, making it a primary resource for studying angiosperms evolution and genomics. This study focuses on 13 published orchid genomes to identify and analyze the CYP75 gene family belonging to the cytochrome P450 superfamily, which is closely related to flavonoid biosynthetic enzymes and pigment regulation. We found 72 CYP75s in the 13 orchid genomes and further classified them into two classes: CYP75A and CYP75B subfamily, the former synthesizes blue anthocyanins, while the latter is involved in the production of red anthocyanins. Furthermore, the amount of CYP75Bs (53/72) greatly exceeds the amount of CYP75As (19/72) in orchids. Our findings suggest that CYP75B genes have a more important evolutionary role, as red plants are more common in nature than blue plants. We also discovered unique conserved motifs in each subfamily that serve as specific recognition features (motif 19 belong to CYP75A; motif 17 belong to CYP75B). Two diverse-colored varieties of C. goeringii were selected for qRT-PCR experiments. The expression of CgCYP75B1 was significantly higher in the purple-red variant compared to the yellow-green variant, while CgCYP75A1 showed no significant difference. Based on transcriptomic expression analysis, CYP75Bs are more highly expressed than CYP75As in floral organs, especially in colorful petals and lips. These results provide valuable information for future studies on CYP75s in orchids and other angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Admini stration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuewei Zhao
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Meng Zhang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xin He
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ye Huang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Admini stration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Sagheer Ahmad
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Admini stration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Admini stration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Siren Lan
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Admini stration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Lin Y, Qi X, Wan Y, Chen Z, Fang H, Liang C. Genome-wide analysis of the MADS-box gene family in Lonicera japonica and a proposed floral organ identity model. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:447. [PMID: 37553575 PMCID: PMC10408238 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09509-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lonicera japonica Thunb. is widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Medicinal L. japonica mainly consists of dried flower buds and partially opened flowers, thus flowers are an important quality indicator. MADS-box genes encode transcription factors that regulate flower development. However, little is known about these genes in L. japonica. RESULTS In this study, 48 MADS-box genes were identified in L. japonica, including 20 Type-I genes (8 Mα, 2 Mβ, and 10 Mγ) and 28 Type-II genes (26 MIKCc and 2 MIKC*). The Type-I and Type-II genes differed significantly in gene structure, conserved domains, protein structure, chromosomal distribution, phylogenesis, and expression pattern. Type-I genes had a simpler gene structure, lacked the K domain, had low protein structure conservation, were tandemly distributed on the chromosomes, had more frequent lineage-specific duplications, and were expressed at low levels. In contrast, Type-II genes had a more complex gene structure; contained conserved M, I, K, and C domains; had highly conserved protein structure; and were expressed at high levels throughout the flowering period. Eleven floral homeotic MADS-box genes that are orthologous to the proposed Arabidopsis ABCDE model of floral organ identity determination, were identified in L. japonica. By integrating expression pattern and protein interaction data for these genes, we developed a possible model for floral organ identity determination. CONCLUSION This study genome-widely identified and characterized the MADS-box gene family in L. japonica. Eleven floral homeotic MADS-box genes were identified and a possible model for floral organ identity determination was also developed. This study contributes to our understanding of the MADS-box gene family and its possible involvement in floral organ development in L. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Lin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiwu Qi
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yan Wan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zequn Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hailing Fang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu Province, China.
- Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Chen Y, Zhang T, Chen C, Xu Z, Liu C. Transcriptomics explores the potential of flavonoid in non-medicinal parts of Saposhnikovia divaricata (Turcz.) Schischk. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1067920. [PMID: 36923128 PMCID: PMC10010146 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1067920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Saposhnikovia divaricata is a traditional Chinese medicine in China, which is widely used in clinic. The root of S. divaricata is often used as medicine, but little research has been done on its other tissues. METHODS In this study, the contents of root and leaf of S. divaricata were determined by HPLC, the differentially expressed genes were screened by transcriptome sequencing at molecular level, and then verified by network pharmacology. RESULTS The results showed that the content of 4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol in the leaves was significantly higher than that in the roots, which was about 3 times higher than that in the roots. In addition, 10 differentially expressed key enzyme genes were screened in plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways. C4H and CYP98A were up-regulated in root, while F3H was down-regulated in root. They can be used as important candidate genes for the mechanism of quality difference of S. divaricata. Finally, network pharmacological validation showed that 5-O-methylvesamitol plays an important role in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. DISCUSSION These findings not only provide insight into flavonoid biosynthesis in S. divaricata associated molecular regulation, but also provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of S. divaricata.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Zhang
- *Correspondence: Tao Zhang, ; Changbao Chen,
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Liu X, Gong Q, Zhao C, Wang D, Ye X, Zheng G, Wang Y, Cao J, Sun C. Genome-wide analysis of cytochrome P450 genes in Citrus clementina and characterization of a CYP gene encoding flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhac283. [PMID: 36818367 PMCID: PMC9930397 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are the largest family of enzymes in plant and play multifarious roles in development and defense but the available information about the CYP superfamily in citrus is very limited. Here we provide a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the CYP superfamily in Citrus clementina genome, identifying 301 CYP genes grouped into ten clans and 49 families. The characteristics of both gene structures and motif compositions strongly supported the reliability of the phylogenetic relationship. Duplication analysis indicated that tandem duplication was the major driving force of expansion for this superfamily. Promoter analysis revealed numerous cis-acting elements related to various responsiveness. RNA-seq data elucidated their expression patterns in citrus fruit peel both during development and in response to UV-B. Furthermore, we characterize a UV-B-induced CYP gene (Ciclev10019637m, designated CitF3'H) as a flavonoid 3'-hydroxylase for the first time. CitF3'H catalyzed numerous flavonoids and favored naringenin in yeast assays. Virus-induced silencing of CitF3'H in citrus seedlings significantly reduced the levels of 3'-hydroxylated flavonoids and their derivatives. These results together with the endoplasmic reticulum-localization of CitF3'H in plant suggest that this enzyme is responsible for the biosynthesis of 3'-hydroxylated flavonoids in citrus. Taken together, our findings provide extensive information about the CYP superfamily in citrus and contribute to further functional verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Liu
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qin Gong
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenning Zhao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dengliang Wang
- Institute of Fruit Tree Research, Quzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Acience, Quzhou, China
| | - Xianming Ye
- Research and Development Department, Zhejiang Jianong Fruit &Vegetable Co., Ltd, Quzhou, China
| | - Guixia Zheng
- Research and Development Department, Zhejiang Jianong Fruit &Vegetable Co., Ltd, Quzhou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinping Cao
- Laboratory of Fruit Quality Biology, The State Agriculture Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrative Biology of Horticultural Plants, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Wen H, Wang W, Jiang X, Wu M, Bai H, Wu C, Shen L. Transcriptome analysis to identify candidate genes related to chlorogenic acid biosynthesis during development of Korla fragrant pear in Xinjiang. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Coprinopsis cinerea uses laccase Lcc9 as a defense strategy to eliminate oxidative stress during fungal-fungal interactions. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 88:e0176021. [PMID: 34669425 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01760-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Frequently, laccases are triggered during fungal cocultivation for overexpression. The function of these activated laccases during coculture has not been clarified. Previously, we reported that Gongronella sp. w5 (w5) (Mucoromycota, Mucoromycetes) specifically triggered the laccase Lcc9 overexpression in Coprinopsis cinerea (Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes). To systematically analyze the function of the overexpressed laccase during fungal interaction, C. cinerea mycelia before and after the initial Lcc9 overexpression were chosen for transcriptome analysis. Results showed that accompanied by specific utilization of fructose as carbohydrate substrate, oxidative stress derived from antagonistic compounds secreted by w5 appears to be a signal critical for laccase production in C. cinerea. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) decrease in the C. cinerea wild-type strain followed the increase in laccase production and then, lcc9 transcription and laccase activity stopped. By comparison, increased H2O2 content and mycelial ROS levels were observed during the entire cocultivation in lcc9 silenced C. cinerea strains. Moreover, lcc9 silencing slowed down the C. cinerea mycelial growth, affected hyphal morphology, and decreased the asexual sporulation in coculture. Our results showed that intracellular ROS acted as signal molecules to stimulate defense responses by C. cinerea with the expression of oxidative stress response regulator Skn7 and various detoxification proteins. Lcc9 takes part as a defense strategy to eliminate oxidative stress during the interspecific interaction with w5. Importance: The overproduction of laccase during interspecific fungal interactions is notoriously known. However, the exact role of the up-regulated laccases remains underexplored. Based on comparative transcriptomic analysis of C. cinerea and gene silencing of laccase Lcc9, here we show that oxidative stress derived from antagonistic compounds secreted by Gongronella sp. w5 was a signal critical for laccase Lcc9 production in Coprinopsis cinerea. Intracellular ROS acted as signal molecules to stimulate defense responses by C. cinerea with the expression of oxidative stress response regulator Skn7 and various detoxification proteins. Ultimately, Lcc9 takes part as a defense strategy to eliminate oxidative stress and help cell growth and development during the interspecific interaction with Gongronella sp. w5. These findings deepened our understanding of fungal interactions in their natural population and communities.
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Wang X, Chen J, Ni H, Mustafa G, Yang Y, Wang Q, Fu H, Zhang L, Yang B. Use Chou's 5-steps rule to identify protein post-translational modification and its linkage to secondary metabolism during the floral development of Lonicera japonica Thunb. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 167:1035-1048. [PMID: 34600181 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lonicera japonica Thunb. is widely used in traditional medicine systems of East Asian and attracts a large amount of studies on the biosynthesis of its active components. Currently, there is little understanding regarding the regulatory mechanisms behind the accumulation of secondary metabolites during its developmental stages. In this study, published transcriptomic and proteomic data were mined to evaluate potential linkage between protein modification and secondary metabolism during the floral development. Stronger correlations were observed between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their corresponding differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in the comparison of juvenile bud stage (JBS)/third green stage (TGS) vs. silver flowering stage (SFS). Seventy-five and 76 cor-rDEGs and cor-rDAPs (CDDs) showed opposite trends at both transcriptional and translational levels when comparing their levels at JBS and TGS relative to those at SFS. CDDs were mainly involved in elements belonging to the protein metabolism and the TCA cycle. Protein-protein interaction analysis indicated that the interacting proteins in the major cluster were primarily involved in TCA cycle and protein metabolism. In the simple phenylpropanoids biosynthetic pathway of SFS, both phospho-2-dehydro-3-deoxyheptonate aldolase (PDA) and glutamate/aspartate-prephenate aminotransferase (AAT) were decreased at the protein level, but increased at the gene level. A confirmatory experiment indicated that protein ubiquitination and succinylation were more prominent during the early floral developmental stages, in correlation with simple phenylpropanoids accumulation. Taken together, those data indicates that phenylpropanoids metabolism and floral development are putatively regulated through the ubiquitination and succinylation modifications of PDA, AAT, and TCA cycle proteins in L. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqin Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Haofu Ni
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Yuling Yang
- Wenshan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wenshan, 663000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832002, China
| | - Hongwei Fu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Bingxian Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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11
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Mitu SA, Ogbourne SM, Klein AH, Tran TD, Reddell PW, Cummins SF. The P450 multigene family of Fontainea and insights into diterpenoid synthesis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:191. [PMID: 33879061 PMCID: PMC8058993 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02958-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450s (P450s) are enzymes that play critical roles in the biosynthesis of physiologically important compounds across all organisms. Although they have been characterised in a large number of plant species, no information relating to these enzymes are available from the genus Fontainea (family Euphorbiaceae). Fontainea is significant as the genus includes species that produce medicinally significant epoxy-tigliane natural products, one of which has been approved as an anti-cancer therapeutic. RESULTS A comparative species leaf metabolome analysis showed that Fontainea species possess a chemical profile different from various other plant species. The diversity and expression profiles of Fontainea P450s were investigated from leaf and root tissue. A total of 103 and 123 full-length P450 genes in Fontainea picrosperma and Fontainea venosa, respectively (and a further 127/125 partial-length) that were phylogenetically classified into clans, families and subfamilies. The majority of P450 identified are most active within root tissue (66.2% F. picrosperma, 65.0% F. venosa). Representatives within the CYP71D and CYP726A were identified in Fontainea that are excellent candidates for diterpenoid synthesis, of which CYP726A1, CYP726A2 and CYP71D1 appear to be exclusive to Fontainea species and were significantly more highly expressed in root tissue compared to leaf tissue. CONCLUSION This study presents a comprehensive overview of the P450 gene family in Fontainea that may provide important insights into the biosynthesis of the medicinally significant epoxy-tigliane diterpenes found within the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahida A. Mitu
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
| | - Steven M. Ogbourne
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
| | - Anne H. Klein
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
| | - Trong D. Tran
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
| | | | - Scott F. Cummins
- GeneCology Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
- School of Science, Technology and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore DC, Queensland 4558 Australia
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12
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Godbole RC, Pable AA, Barvkar VT. Transcriptome-wide identification, characterization, and phylogenomic analysis of cytochrome P450s from Nothapodytes nimmoniana reveal candidate genes involved in the camptothecin biosynthetic pathway. Genome 2020; 64:1-14. [PMID: 32976723 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2020-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The plant Nothapodytes nimmoniana is an important source of camptothecin (CPT), an anticancer compound widely used in the treatment of colorectal, lung, and ovarian cancers. CPT is biosynthesized by the combination of the seco-iridoid and indole pathways in plants. The majority of the biosynthetic steps and associated genes still remain unknown. Certain reactions in the seco-iridoid pathway are catalyzed by cytochrome P450 enzymes. Hence, identifying transcriptionally active cytochrome P450 genes becomes essential in the elucidation of the CPT biosynthetic pathway. Here, we report the identification of 94 cytochrome P450s from the assembled transcriptomic data from leaf and root tissues of N. nimmoniana. The identified cytochrome P450 genes were full length and possessed all four conserved characteristic signature motifs of cytochrome P450 genes. Phylogenetic analysis of the protein sequences revealed their evolution and diversification and further categorized them into A-type (52.12%) and non-A-type (47.87%) cytochrome P450s. These 94 sequences represent 38 families and 63 subfamilies of cytochrome P450s. We also compared the transcriptional activity of identified cytochrome P450s with the expression of their homologs in the CPT-producing plant Ophiorrhiza pumila. Based on expression profiles and quantitative PCR validation, we propose NnCYP81CB1 and NnCYP89R1 as candidate cytochrome P450 genes involved in camptothecin biosynthesis in N. nimmoniana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rucha C Godbole
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-411007, India
| | - Anupama A Pable
- Department of Microbiology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-411007, India
| | - Vitthal T Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune-411007, India
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Chen Y, Klinkhamer PGL, Memelink J, Vrieling K. Diversity and evolution of cytochrome P450s of Jacobaea vulgaris and Jacobaea aquatica. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:342. [PMID: 32689941 PMCID: PMC7372880 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02532-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collectively, plants produce a huge variety of secondary metabolites (SMs) which are involved in the adaptation of plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. The most characteristic feature of SMs is their striking inter- and intraspecific chemical diversity. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs) often play an important role in the biosynthesis of SMs and thus in the evolution of chemical diversity. Here we studied the diversity and evolution of CYPs of two Jacobaea species which contain a characteristic group of SMs namely the pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). RESULTS We retrieved CYPs from RNA-seq data of J. vulgaris and J. aquatica, resulting in 221 and 157 full-length CYP genes, respectively. The analyses of conserved motifs confirmed that Jacobaea CYP proteins share conserved motifs including the heme-binding signature, the PERF motif, the K-helix and the I-helix. KEGG annotation revealed that the CYPs assigned as being SM metabolic pathway genes were all from the CYP71 clan but no CYPs were assigned as being involved in alkaloid pathways. Phylogenetic analyses of full-length CYPs were conducted for the six largest CYP families of Jacobaea (CYP71, CYP76, CYP706, CYP82, CYP93 and CYP72) and were compared with CYPs of two other members of the Asteraceae, Helianthus annuus and Lactuca sativa, and with Arabidopsis thaliana. The phylogenetic trees showed strong lineage specific diversification of CYPs, implying that the evolution of CYPs has been very fast even within the Asteraceae family. Only in the closely related species J. vulgaris and J. aquatica, CYPs were found often in pairs, confirming a close relationship in the evolutionary history. CONCLUSIONS This study discovered 378 full-length CYPs in Jacobaea species, which can be used for future exploration of their functions, including possible involvement in PA biosynthesis and PA diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangan Chen
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, P. O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Plant Cell Physiology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, P. O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter G L Klinkhamer
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, P. O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Johan Memelink
- Plant Cell Physiology, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, P. O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Klaas Vrieling
- Plant Ecology and Phytochemistry, Institute of Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, P. O. Box 9505, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Mohanty P, Ayachit G, Sharma P, Shaikh I, Mohanty JN, Mankad AU, Pandya H, Das J. De novo sequencing and transcriptome analysis of Indian Bael (Aegle marmelos L.). GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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15
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Qi X, Fang H, Chen Z, Liu Z, Yu X, Liang C. Ectopic Expression of a R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor Gene LjaMYB12 from Lonicera japonica Increases Flavonoid Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184494. [PMID: 31514380 PMCID: PMC6770605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lonicera japonica Thunb. is a widely used medicinal plant and is rich in a variety of active ingredients. Flavonoids are one of the important components in L. japonica and their content is an important indicator for evaluating the quality of this herb. To study the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in L. japonica, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene LjaMYB12 was isolated and characterized. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that LjaMYB12 belonged to the subgroup 7, with a typical R2R3 DNA-binding domain and conserved subgroup 7 motifs. The transcriptional level of LjaMYB12 was proportional to the total flavonoid content during the development of L. japonica flowers. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that LjaMYB12 localized to the nucleus. Transactivation activity assay indicated that LjaMYB12 was a transcriptional activator. Then, ectopic expression of LjaMYB12 in Arabidopsis could increase PAL activity and flavonoid content and promote transcription of a range of flavonoid biosynthetic genes. Interestingly, the fold changes of downstream genes in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway were significantly higher than that of the upstream genes, which suggested that LjaMYB12 may have different regulatory patterns for the upstream and downstream pathways of flavonoid biosynthesis. The results provided here will effectively facilitate the study of subgroup 7 MYBs and transcriptional regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in L. japonica.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwu Qi
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Hailing Fang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zequn Chen
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China.
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- Nanjing Foreign Language School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Xu Yu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China.
- Division of Plant Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-7145, USA.
| | - Chengyuan Liang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China.
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Wang Q, Liu Y, Gao X, Xie A, Yu H. Potential of hyperspectral imaging for nondestructive determination of chlorogenic acid content in Flos Lonicerae. JOURNAL OF FOOD MEASUREMENT AND CHARACTERIZATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11694-019-00180-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Wang T, Yang B, Guan Q, Chen X, Zhong Z, Huang W, Zhu W, Tian J. Transcriptional regulation of Lonicera japonica Thunb. during flower development as revealed by comprehensive analysis of transcription factors. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:198. [PMID: 31088368 PMCID: PMC6518806 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lonicera japonica Thunb. flower has been used for the treatment of various diseases for a long time and attracted many studies on its potential effects. Transcription factors (TFs) regulate extensive biological processes during plant development. As the restricted reports of L. japonica on TFs, our work was carried out to better understand the TFs' regulatory roles under different developmental stages in L. japonica. RESULTS In this study, 1316 TFs belonging to 52 families were identified from the transcriptomic data, and corresponding expression profiles during the L. japonica flower development were comprehensively analyzed. 917 (69.68%) TFs were differentially expressed. TFs in bHLH, ERF, MYB, bZIP, and NAC families exhibited obviously altered expression during flower growth. Based on the analysis of differentially expressed TFs (DETFs), TFs in MYB, WRKY, NAC and LSD families that involved in phenylpropanoids biosynthesis, senescence processes and antioxidant activity were detected. The expression of MYB114 exhibited a positive correlation with the contents of luteoloside; Positive correlation was observed among the expression of MYC12, chalcone synthase (CHS) and flavonol synthase (FLS), while negative correlation was observed between the expression of MYB44 and the synthases; The expression of LSD1 was highly correlated with the expression of SOD and the total antioxidant capacity, while the expression of LOL1 and LOL2 exhibited a negative correlation with them; Many TFs in NAC and WRKY families may be potentially involved in the senescence process regulated by hormones and reactive oxygen species (ROS). The expression of NAC19, NAC29, and NAC53 exhibited a positive correlation with the contents of ABA and H2O2, while the expression of WRKY53, WRKY54, and WRKY70 exhibited a negative correlation with the contents of JA, SA and ABA. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided a comprehensive characterization of the expression profiles of TFs during the developmental stages of L. japonica. In addition, we detected the key TFs that may play significant roles in controlling active components biosynthesis, antioxidant activity and flower senescence in L. japonica, thereby providing valuable insights into the molecular networks underlying L. japonica flower development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tantan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingxian Yang
- College of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qijie Guan
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingkui Tian
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
- Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Center for Traditional Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027 People’s Republic of China
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18
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Li Y, Kong D, Bai M, He H, Wang H, Wu H. Correlation of the temporal and spatial expression patterns of HQT with the biosynthesis and accumulation of chlorogenic acid in Lonicera japonica flowers. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2019; 6:73. [PMID: 31231531 PMCID: PMC6544646 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-019-0154-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA quinate transferase (HQT) is one of the key enzymes in the biosynthesis of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in the flowers of Lonicera japonica. However, the spatiotemporal expression patterns of HQT and its relationship to the dynamics of CGA biosynthesis, transport, and storage remain largely unknown. In this study, we collected L. japonica flower samples at different growth stages (S1-S6) and examined the spatiotemporal expression pattern of HQT and the dynamic accumulation patterns of CGA using a combination of molecular and cytological techniques. Our results suggest that the spatiotemporal expression pattern of HQT is directly correlated with dynamic changes in CGA accumulation and distribution in L. japonica flowers. We further show that CGA is synthesized primarily in the cytoplasm and chloroplasts. CGA synthesized in the cytoplasm first accumulates in specialized vesicles and is then transferred to large central vacuoles for storage by fusion of CGA-containing vesicles with vacuoles. Furthermore, CGA synthesized in the chloroplasts appears to be transferred into the vacuoles for storage by direct membrane fusion between the tonoplast and the disrupted chloroplast membranes. Collectively, our results suggest that CGA is synthesized in chloroplasts and cytoplasm and finally transferred to the vacuole for long-term storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Dexin Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Mei Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Hanjun He
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Technology Research Center for Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine and Natural Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
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