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Li B, Zhao S, Zhang W, Liu N, Xu H, Wei X, Wang Z, Wang T, Li X. Reclamation history and land use types across multiple spatial scales shape anuran communities in the coastal land reclamation region. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120262. [PMID: 38330840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Land reclamation is a widely adopted method for managing land shortage and promoting coastal economic development globally. However, its impacts on biodiversity vary based on distinct reclamation histories and land use management strategies in different regions. This study aims to examine the effects of reclamation history and land use types at different spatial scales on anuran communities in coastal reclaimed land, which are an important taxon in the coastal ecosystem. We used visual and acoustic encounter methods to survey anurans in 2016 and 2017 across 20 1-km radius coastal land reclamation landscapes with different reclamation histories (10, 20, and 60 y after reclamation) in Nanhui Dongtan of Shanghai, an important coastal land reclamation region along the Yangtze River Estuary. Landscape variables (farmlands, woodlands, and impermeable surface covers, and the landscape Shannon diversity index) at four different spatial scales (250 m, 500 m, 750 m and 1000 m) and water salinity in each landscape were measured. Our findings reveal differences in anuran communities between study sites with 10, 20, and 60 years of reclamation history. Abundances of the ornamented pygmy frog (Microhyla fissipes) and Beijing gold-striped pond frog (Pelophylax plancyi) in landscapes with a 10-year reclamation history were significantly lower compared to those with histories of 20 and 60 years. Zhoushan toad (Bufo gargarizans) abundance was significantly negatively related to farmland cover at the 1000 m scale and impermeable surface cover at the 250 m scale; Hong Kong rice-paddy frog (Fejervarya multistriata) abundance was significantly positively related to farmland cover at the 1000 m scale; ornamented pygmy frog abundance was positively related to farmland cover at the 1000 m scale; and Beijing gold-striped pond frog abundance was significantly positively and negatively related to the landscape Shannon diversity index at the 1000 m scale and to water salinity, respectively. Amphibians quickly migrated and colonized coastal reclaimed land from older natural lands. However, two anuran species with specific habitat requirements tended to avoid areas with shorter reclamation histories. The single-species models revealed different responses to various land uses at the various scales, which indicated that land use management was important to amphibian conservation in coastal reclamation regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China; School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China.
| | - Shanshan Zhao
- College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural History Research Centre of Shanghai Natural History Museum, Shanghai Science & Technology Museum, Shanghai, 200041, China; Department of Ecology and Enviroment of Qinghai Province, Qinghai, 810007, China
| | - Ningning Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, Coastal Ecosystems Research Station of the Yangtze River Estuary, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Huan Xu
- Shanghai Wildlife and Protected Natural Areas Research Center, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Xu Wei
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Zhenghuan Wang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Tianhou Wang
- School of Life Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiuzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, Yangtze Delta Estuarine Wetland Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education & Shanghai Science and Technology Committee, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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Andersen D, Jang Y, Borzée A. Influence of landscape and connectivity on anuran conservation: population viability analyses to designate protected areas. Anim Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/acv.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Andersen
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience Ewha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Y. Jang
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience Ewha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative Ewha Womans University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - A. Borzée
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing Jiangsu People's Republic of China
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The Hwaseong Wetlands Reclamation Area and Tidal Flats, Republic of Korea: A Case of Waterbird Conservation in the Yellow Sea. CONSERVATION 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/conservation2040036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The reclamation of tidal flats is implicated in the declines of a large number of migratory waterbird species along the East Asia-Australasian Flyway, and has resulted in the assessment of Yellow Sea tidal flats as an Endangered habitat by the IUCN. Created in their present form by large-scale reclamation, the Hwaseong Wetlands on the Yellow Sea coast of the Republic of Korea are comprised of tidal flats, a large reclamation lake, and extensive areas of rice-fields and fallow land. As part of preparation for increased protections for these wetlands, we conducted bird surveys between late June 2020 and mid-June 2021. During this period, we recorded more than 150,000 waterbirds in the wetland and concentrations of 1% or more of 25 populations of waterbird. We also recorded a total of 16 globally threatened wetland species. As at many other coastal wetlands in the Yellow Sea, tidal flat obligate waterbird species used the tidal flats for foraging; and roosted in artificial wetlands which had been created through the reclamation process. The extensive areas of rice-field and other freshwater habitats in the Hwaseong Wetlands were also internationally important in their own right, supporting globally threatened amphibians and internationally important concentrations of foraging geese and floodplain-associated waterbird species. The movements of waterbirds between foraging and roosting areas we recorded make clear that conservation of the site’s biodiversity either as a Ramsar site or within a serial World Heritage Property would require protection of all the contiguous tidal flats and also of the most biodiverse rice-field and freshwater wetland areas. As elsewhere in the coastal zone of the Republic of Korea, this would first require the support of local stakeholders and also a reduction in jurisdictional issues between various local and national decision-making bodies.
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Andersen D, Chuang MF, Choe M, Kim A, Kwon S, Jang Y, Borzée A. Elevational Distribution of Amphibians: Resolving Distributions, Patterns, and Species Communities in the Republic of Korea. Zool Stud 2022; 61:e25. [PMID: 36330026 PMCID: PMC9537047 DOI: 10.6620/zs.2022.61-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Species biodiversity organises along elevational trends and is generally expected to decrease with increasing elevation. This pattern is regulated by numerous factors, although principally overridden by temperature in ectotherms such as amphibians. Here, we collated elevation data (n = 55,182) collected between 1909 and 2020. We then determined elevation distribution patterns and species communities for all amphibians in the Republic of Korea. Species were found to range from sea level up to 1,393 m a.s.l. The average elevational distribution was significantly different between species but also between anura and caudata. On average, anura were found at lower elevations with a peak in species richness and abundance matching with the lowlands. In opposition, the peak in species richness and abundance for caudata matched with low hilly landscapes. The altitudinal distributions of species were strongly skewed, with all 23 species found within the 0-199 m range, and steadily decreasing with only five species within the last elevational range (1,200-1,399 m). Finally, only a few species were found below 30 m, reflecting a likely risk of salinisation in this environment. Our results help understand the altitudinal distribution of amphibians in the Republic of Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Andersen
- Division of EcoScience and Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea. E-mail: (Andersen); (Choe); (Kim); (Kwon); (Jang)
| | - Ming-Feng Chuang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan. E-mail: (Chuang)
| | - Minjee Choe
- Division of EcoScience and Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea. E-mail: (Andersen); (Choe); (Kim); (Kwon); (Jang)
| | - Ajoung Kim
- Division of EcoScience and Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea. E-mail: (Andersen); (Choe); (Kim); (Kwon); (Jang)
| | - Sera Kwon
- Division of EcoScience and Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea. E-mail: (Andersen); (Choe); (Kim); (Kwon); (Jang)
| | - Yikweon Jang
- Division of EcoScience and Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, 52, Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea. E-mail: (Andersen); (Choe); (Kim); (Kwon); (Jang)
| | - Amaël Borzée
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China. E-mail: (Borzée)
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Andersen D, Maslova I, Purevdorj Z, Li JT, Messenger KR, Ren JL, Jang Y, Borzée A. East palearctic treefrog past and present habitat suitability using ecological niche models. PeerJ 2022; 10:e12999. [PMID: 35261821 PMCID: PMC8898549 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological niche modeling is a tool used to determine current potential species' distribution or habitat suitability models which can then be used to project suitable areas in time. Projections of suitability into past climates can identify locations of climate refugia, or areas with high climatic stability likely to contain the highest levels of genetic diversity and stable populations when climatic conditions are less suitable in other parts of the range. Modeling habitat suitability for closely related species in recent past can also reveal potential periods and regions of contact and possible admixture. In the east palearctic, there are five Dryophytes (Hylid treefrog) clades belonging to two groups: Dryophytes japonicus group: Clades A and B; and Dryophytes immaculatus group: Dryophytes immaculatus, Dryophytes flaviventris, and Dryophytes suweonensis. We used maximum entropy modeling to determine the suitable ranges of these five clades during the present and projected to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and Last Interglacial (LIG) periods. We also calculated climatic stability for each clade to identify possible areas of climate refugia. Our models indicated suitable range expansion during the LGM for four clades with the exclusion of D. immaculatus. High climatic stability in our models corresponded to areas with the highest numbers of recorded occurrences in the present. The models produced here can additionally serve as baselines for models of suitability under climate change scenarios and indicate species ecological requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Andersen
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Irina Maslova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostock, Russian Federation
| | - Zoljargal Purevdorj
- Department of Biology, Scholl of Mathematic and Natural Science, Mongolian State University of Education, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia,Department of Forest and Environmental Resources, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jia-Tang Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - Jin-Long Ren
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yikweon Jang
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea,Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Amaël Borzée
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Koo KS, Choe M. Distribution Change of Invasive American Bullfrogs ( Lithobates catesbeianus) by Future Climate Threaten Endangered Suweon Treefrog ( Hyla suweonensis) in South Korea. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102865. [PMID: 34679885 PMCID: PMC8532972 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus), known as one of the most problematic amphibians in the world, was introduced to South Korea in the 1970s. Although it has spread very rapidly over the past 50 years, there is no focused strategy to manage the frogs. With the introduction of American Bullfrogs into nature, numerous native species (mostly amphibians) are rapidly decreasing due to predation, a transmission of infectious diseases, and crossbreeding. In particular, the critically endangered Suwon treefrog (Hyla suweonensis) is the most affected by Bullfrogs. In this study, we modeled what environment the American Bullfrog settled in and how it could spread in the future. It was confirmed that the distribution of the two species overlaps in many areas at present, and the distribution of the American Bullfrog may spread to the distribution area of the Suwon treefrog according to future climate change. Through the results of this study, we intend to suggest a management direction for the spread of invasive species and the protection of endangered species. Our result could contribute to many countries that have problems with the American Bullfrogs at present and in the future. Abstract The American Bullfrog (Lithobates catesbeianus) has been imported into South Korea in earnest for food since the 1970s and introduced into nature due to release and escape. Accordingly, the influx and spread of American Bullfrogs are expected to have a direct impact on native species, but few related studies have been conducted on this. We predicted changes in the potential distribution and future distribution based on climate change scenarios to analyze how those changes affect critically endangered Suwon treefrogs. Suwon treefrog sites (63.9%, 78/122) overlapped with the distribution of Bullfrogs. According to the prediction of the future distribution of Bullfrogs, the overlapping of American Bullfrogs and Suwon treefrog will remain similar to the current level in the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5 scenario. On the other hand, in the RCP 8.5 scenario, the number of overlapping sites will increase to 72.1% (88/122) due to the spreading of the American Bullfrogs. The results show that climate change directly affects the distribution expansion of the American Bullfrogs but also indirectly can lead to an increased threat to Suwon treefrogs. In conclusion, our results strongly suggest why climate change should be actively addressed in terms of the spread of invasive species and the protection of endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyo Soung Koo
- Research Institute of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Correspondence:
| | - Minjee Choe
- EcoCreative Department, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
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Borzée A, Litvinchuk SN, Ri K, Andersen D, Nam TY, Jon GH, Man HS, Choe JS, Kwon S, Othman SN, Messenger K, Bae Y, Shin Y, Kim A, Maslova I, Luedtke J, Hobin L, Moores N, Seliger B, Glenk F, Jang Y. Update on Distribution and Conservation Status of Amphibians in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea: Conclusions Based on Field Surveys, Environmental Modelling, Molecular Analyses and Call Properties. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2057. [PMID: 34359183 PMCID: PMC8300379 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Determining the range, status, ecology and behaviour of species from areas where surveys and samplings are uncommon or difficult to conduct is a challenge, such as in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPR Korea). Here, we used genetic samples, field surveys, call recordings, photographic identification and a literature review to estimate the presence, range and status of amphibians in the DPR Korea. From our combined results and based on the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, we were able to estimate the national threat levels for most species. Our results demonstrated the presence of 18 native species and the suspected presence of Karsenia koreana and two Onychodactylus species. We reported the first record for Rana uenoi in the vicinity of Pyongyang using molecular tools and similarly confirmed the presence of Dryophytes japonicus at the same location. Based on distribution and modelling, we can expect the contact zone between species within the Rana and Onychodactylus genera to be located along the Changbai Massif, a mountain range that marks a shift in ecoregions and acts as a barrier to dispersion. The species richness was higher in the lowlands and at lower latitudes, with such areas populated by up to 11 species, while more northern regions were characterised by species richness of about half of that value. The combination of ecological models and known threats resulted in the recommendation of ten species as threatened at the national level following the IUCN Red List categories and criteria. This high number of threatened species was anticipated based on the high threat level to amphibians in bordering nations and globally. While the ecology of species in the DPR Korea is still understudied, we argue that species relying on agricultural wetlands such as rice paddies are not under imminent threat due to the enduring presence of extensive agricultural landscapes with low rates of chemical use and mechanisation. The maintenance of such landscapes is a clear benefit to amphibian species, in contrast to more industrialised agricultural landscapes in neighbouring nations. In comparison, the status of species dependent on forested habitats is unclear and threat levels are likely to be higher because of deforestation, as in neighbouring nations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaël Borzée
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.B.); (Y.S.)
- Amphibian Specialist Group, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Toronto, ON L5A, Canada; (J.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Spartak N. Litvinchuk
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky pr. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia;
- Department of Zoology and Physiology, Dagestan State University, Gadzhiyev str. 43-a, Makhachkala, 3367000 Dagestan, Russia
| | - Kyongsim Ri
- Department of International Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Land and Environment Protection, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Desiree Andersen
- Interdisciplinary Program of Eco Creative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (D.A.); (S.K.); (S.N.O.); (A.K.)
| | - Tu Yong Nam
- Institute of Zoology, State Academy of Science, Daesong-dong, Daesong District, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hyok Jon
- Department of Ecology, State Academy of Science, Daesong-dong, Daesong District, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Song Man
- Department of Ecology, Life Science College, Kim Il Sung University, Ryongnam-dong, Daesong-dong, Daesong District, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sik Choe
- Department of Ecology, Life Science College, Kim Il Sung University, Ryongnam-dong, Daesong-dong, Daesong District, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Sera Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Program of Eco Creative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (D.A.); (S.K.); (S.N.O.); (A.K.)
| | - Siti N. Othman
- Interdisciplinary Program of Eco Creative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (D.A.); (S.K.); (S.N.O.); (A.K.)
| | - Kevin Messenger
- Herpetology and Applied Conservation Lab, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | - Yoonhyuk Bae
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.B.); (Y.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Program of Eco Creative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (D.A.); (S.K.); (S.N.O.); (A.K.)
| | - Yucheol Shin
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Rd, Nanjing 210037, China; (Y.B.); (Y.S.)
| | - Ajoung Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Eco Creative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea; (D.A.); (S.K.); (S.N.O.); (A.K.)
| | - Irina Maslova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia;
| | - Jennifer Luedtke
- Amphibian Specialist Group, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Toronto, ON L5A, Canada; (J.L.); (L.H.)
- Re:wild, Austin, TX 78746, USA
| | - Louise Hobin
- Amphibian Specialist Group, IUCN Species Survival Commission, Toronto, ON L5A, Canada; (J.L.); (L.H.)
| | - Nial Moores
- Birds Korea, 101-1902, Hyundai I Park, Busan 48559, Korea;
| | | | - Felix Glenk
- Hanns Seidel Foundation, Seoul 04419, Korea; (B.S.); (F.G.)
| | - Yikweon Jang
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea;
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Borzée A, Kielgast J, Wren S, Angulo A, Chen S, Magellan K, Messenger KR, Hansen-Hendrikx CM, Baker A, Santos MMD, Kusrini M, Jiang J, Maslova IV, Das I, Park D, Bickford D, Murphy RW, Che J, Van Do T, Nguyen TQ, Chuang MF, Bishop PJ. Using the 2020 global pandemic as a springboard to highlight the need for amphibian conservation in eastern Asia. BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION 2021; 255:108973. [PMID: 35125500 PMCID: PMC8798316 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2021.108973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Emerging infectious diseases are on the rise in many different taxa, including, among others, the amphibian batrachochytrids, the snake fungal disease and the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, responsible for Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in mammals. Following the onset of the pandemic linked to COVID-19, eastern Asia has shown strong leadership, taking actions to regulate the trade of potential vector species in several regions. These actions were taken in response to an increase in public awareness, and the need for a quick reaction to mitigate against further pandemics. However, trade restrictions rarely affect amphibians, despite the risk of pathogen transmission, directly, or indirectly through habitat destruction and the loss of vector consumption. Thus, species that help alleviate the risk of zoonoses or provide biological control are not protected. Hence, in view of the global amphibian decline and the risk of zoonoses, we support the current wildlife trade regulations and support measures to safeguard wildlife from overexploitation. The current period of regulation overhaul should be used as a springboard for amphibian conservation. To mitigate risks, we suggest the following stipulations specifically for amphibians. I) Restrictions to amphibian farming in eastern Asia, in relation to pathogen transmission and the establishment of invasive species. II) Regulation of the amphibian pet trade, with a focus on potential vector species. III) Expansion of the wildlife trade ban, to limit the wildlife-human-pet interface. The resulting actions will benefit both human and wildlife populations, as they will lead to a decrease in the risk of zoonoses and better protection of the environment. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is an increasing number of emerging infectious diseases impacting all species, including amphibians, reptiles and mammals. The latest threat to humans is the virus responsible for COVID-19, and the resulting pandemic. Countries in eastern Asia have taken steps to regulate wildlife trade and prevent further zoonoses thereby decreasing the risk of pathogens arising from wild species. However, as amphibians are generally excluded from regulations we support specific trade restrictions: I) Restrictions to amphibian farming; II) regulation of the amphibian pet trade; III) expansion of the wildlife trade ban. These restrictions will benefit both human and wildlife populations by decreasing the risks of zoonoses and better protecting the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaël Borzée
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 3701 Lake Shore Blvd W, P.O. Box 48586, Toronto, Ontario M8W 1P5, Canada
| | - Jos Kielgast
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 3701 Lake Shore Blvd W, P.O. Box 48586, Toronto, Ontario M8W 1P5, Canada
- Section for Freshwater Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 4, DK-2100, Denmark
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Universitetsparken, 15, DK-2100, Denmark
| | - Sally Wren
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 3701 Lake Shore Blvd W, P.O. Box 48586, Toronto, Ontario M8W 1P5, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Ariadne Angulo
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 3701 Lake Shore Blvd W, P.O. Box 48586, Toronto, Ontario M8W 1P5, Canada
| | - Shu Chen
- Zoological Society of London, London NW1 4RY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kevin R Messenger
- Herpetology and Applied Conservation Laboratory, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Anne Baker
- Amphibian Ark, Conservation Planning Specialist Group, Apple Valley, USA
| | - Marcileida M Dos Santos
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 3701 Lake Shore Blvd W, P.O. Box 48586, Toronto, Ontario M8W 1P5, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Mirza Kusrini
- Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Jianping Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Irina V Maslova
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Indraneil Das
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia
| | - Daesik Park
- Division of Science Education, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Kangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Robert W Murphy
- Centre for Biodiversity, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jing Che
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China
- Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, People's Republic of China
| | - Tu Van Do
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Truong Quang Nguyen
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Ming-Feng Chuang
- Department of Life Sciences and Research Center for Global Change Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Phillip J Bishop
- IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group, 3701 Lake Shore Blvd W, P.O. Box 48586, Toronto, Ontario M8W 1P5, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
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Defining Conservation Requirements for the Suweon Treefrog (Dryophytes suweonensis) Using Species Distribution Models. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Numerous amphibian species are declining because of habitat loss and fragmentation due to urbanization of landscapes and the construction of roads. This is a mounting threat to species restricted to habitats close to urban areas, such as agricultural wetlands in North East Asia. The Suweon treefrog (Dryophytes suweonensis) falls into the list of species threatened with habitat loss and most populations are under threat of extirpation. Over the last decades, sub-populations have become increasingly disconnected and specifically the density of paved roads has increased around the only site connecting northern and southern Seoul populations. We surveyed this locality in Hojobeol, Siheung, Republic of Korea in 2012, 2015 and 2019 to first confirm the decline in the number of sites where D. suweonensis was present. The second objective was to analyze the habitat characteristics and determine the remaining suitable habitat for D. suweonensis through a species distribution model following the maximum entropy method. Our results show that rice paddy cover and distance from the paved road are the most important factor defining suitable habitat for D. suweonensis. At this locality, uninterrupted rice paddies are a suitable habitat for the species when reaching at least 0.19 km2, with an average distance of 138 ± 93 m2 from the roads. We link the decrease in the number of sites where D. suweonensis is present with the decrease in rice paddy cover, generally replaced by localized infrastructures, greenhouses and habitat fragmentation. Rice paddies should remain connected over a large area for the protection of the remaining populations. In addition, habitat requirements should be integrated in the requisites to designate protected areas.
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Recommendations for IUCN Red List Conservation Status of the “Dryophytes immaculatus Group” in North East Asia. DIVERSITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/d12090336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Threat assessment is important to prioritize species conservation projects and planning. The taxonomic resolution regarding the status of the “Dryophytes immaculatus group” and the description of a new species in the Republic of Korea resulted in a shift in ranges and population sizes. Thus, reviewing the IUCN Red List status of the three species from the group: D. immaculatus, D. suweonensis and D. flaviventris and recommending an update is needed. While the three species have similar ecological requirements and are distributed around the Yellow Sea, they are under contrasting anthropological pressure and threats. Here, based on the literature available, I have applied all IUCN Red List criterion and tested the fit of each species in each criteria to recommend listing under the appropriate threat level. This resulted in the recommendation of the following categories: Near Threatened for D. immaculatus, Endangered following the criteria C2a(i)b for D. suweonensis and Critically Endangered following the criteria E for D. flaviventris. All three species are declining, mostly because of landscape changes as a result of human activities, but the differences in range, population dynamics and already extirpated subpopulations result in different threat levels for each species. Dryophytes flaviventris is under the highest threat category mostly because of its limited range segregated into two subpopulations; and several known extirpated subpopulations. Immediate actions for the conservation of this species are required. Dryophytes suweonensis is present in both the Republic of Korea and the Democratic Republic of Korea (DPR Korea) and is under lower ecological pressure in DPR Korea. Dryophytes immaculatus is present in the People’s Republic of China, over a very large range despite a marked decline. I recommend joint efforts for the conservation of these species.
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Borzée A, Messenger KR, Chae S, Andersen D, Groffen J, Kim YI, An J, Othman SN, Ri K, Nam TY, Bae Y, Ren JL, Li JT, Chuang MF, Yi Y, Shin Y, Kwon T, Jang Y, Min MS. Yellow sea mediated segregation between North East Asian Dryophytes species. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234299. [PMID: 32579561 PMCID: PMC7314424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While comparatively few amphibian species have been described on the North East Asian mainland in the last decades, several species have been the subject of taxonomical debates in relation to the Yellow sea. Here, we sampled Dryophytes sp. treefrogs from the Republic of Korea, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea and the People's Republic of China to clarify the status of this clade around the Yellow sea and determine the impact of sea level change on treefrogs' phylogenetic relationships. Based on genetics, call properties, adult morphology, tadpole morphology and niche modelling, we determined the segregated status species of D. suweonensis and D. immaculatus. We then proceeded to describe a new treefrog species, D. flaviventris sp. nov., from the central lowlands of the Republic of Korea. The new species is geographically segregated from D. suweonensis by the Chilgap mountain range and known to occur only in the area of Buyeo, Nonsan and Iksan in the Republic of Korea. While the Yellow sea is the principal element to the current isolation of the three clades, the paleorivers of the Yellow sea basin are likely to have been the major factor for the divergences within this clade. We recommend conducting rapid conservation assessments as these species are present on very narrow and declining ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaël Borzée
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kevin R. Messenger
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shinhyeok Chae
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Desiree Andersen
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jordy Groffen
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ye Inn Kim
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwa An
- National Institute for Biological Resources, Animal Resources Division, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Siti N. Othman
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyongsin Ri
- Department of International Economic Cooperation, Ministry of Land and Environment Protection, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Tu Yong Nam
- Institute of Zoology, State Academy of Science, Daesong-dong, Daesong District, Pyongyang, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhyuk Bae
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Long Ren
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia-Tang Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Feng Chuang
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonjung Yi
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yucheol Shin
- College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Taejoon Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yikweon Jang
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sook Min
- Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Borzée A, Fong JJ, Nguyen HQ, Jang Y. Large-Scale Hybridisation as an Extinction Threat to the Suweon Treefrog (Hylidae: Dryophytes suweonensis). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050764. [PMID: 32349428 PMCID: PMC7278489 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary A large number of amphibian species are now endangered, mostly because of human activities. An example is land modification, which may bring species that were previously isolated in contact, and allows them to hybridise. Here, we assessed the presence of hybrid individuals between the endangered Suweon treefrog (Dryophytes suweonensis) and the widespread Japanese treefrog (Dryophytes japonicus). We found hybrids to be relatively widespread and present at all populations where the Suweon treefrog occurred. This is important, as it results in an additional threat to the Suweon treefrog. Abstract Amphibians are in the midst of a sixth mass extinction, and human activities play a major role in pushing species towards extinction. Landscape anthropisation has impacts that indirectly threaten species, in addition to the obvious destruction of natural habitats. For instance, land modification may bring human-commensal species in contact with sister-clades from which they were previously isolated. The species in these new contact zones are then able to hybridise to the point of reaching lineage fusion, through which the gene pool of the two species merges and one of the parental lineages becomes extirpated. Here, we documented the patterns of hybridisation between the spatially restricted D. suweonensis and the widespread D. japonicus. On the basis of the analysis of Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial DNA sequences (404 individuals from 35 sites) and six polymorphic microsatellites (381 individuals from 34 sites), we revealed a generalised, bi-directional, and geographically widespread hybridisation between the two species. Evidence of fertile back-crosses is provided by relatively high numbers of individuals in cyto-nuclear disequilibrium, as well as the presence of hybrid individuals further south than the species distribution limit, determined on the basis of call properties. Hybridisation is an additional threat to the endangered D. suweonensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaël Borzée
- Laboratory of Animal Behaviour and Conservation, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;
| | | | - Hoa Quynh Nguyen
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Centre for Research and Development of Membrane Technology, Institute of Environmental Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi 10072, Vietnam
| | - Yikweon Jang
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul 03760, Korea
- Correspondence:
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13
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Borzée A, Andersen D, Groffen J, Kim HT, Bae Y, Jang Y. Climate change-based models predict range shifts in the distribution of the only Asian plethodontid salamander: Karsenia koreana. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11838. [PMID: 31413346 PMCID: PMC6694130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48310-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations see their range fluctuate in relation to environmental variations, including climate change, and their survival is linked to the maintenance of large enough populations and broad enough distributions during these variations. Most amphibian populations are threatened by numerous ecological and anthropogenic variables acting in synergy with climate change. Accumulating basic ecological data such as range enables the development of population and range dynamics, themselves resulting on adequate conservation plans. Karsenia koreana is the only known Asian plethodontic salamander, occurring in a very restricted area only. Based on presence data, we created an ecological model using six bioclimatic factors with low multicollinearity to define the adequate habitat of the species, and we modelled the predicted suitability of the Korean landscape following four Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) predicting climate change scenarios based on CO2 concentrations in 2050 and 2070. The maximum entropy model for the current distribution produced a landscape suitability considerably wider than the current known distribution. The projected ranges for each RCP indicated marked increases, decreases and shifts in areas with suitable landscapes due to climate change. The lowest RCP prediction resulted in an increase in suitable area, although potentially without connectivity with current populations, while the highest RCP predictions resulted in a decrease. Our results highlight the potential negative impact of climate change, thus requiring updates in conservation plans for K. koreana. The methods used here can be replicated with any land-dwelling species, and our results reflect expected range shifts for most amphibians of the northern hemisphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaël Borzée
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Desiree Andersen
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Jordy Groffen
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, 24061, USA
| | - Hyun-Tae Kim
- Seosan Joongang High School, Seosan, South Chungcheon Province, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoonhyuk Bae
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yikweon Jang
- Department of Life Science and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
- Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Borzée A, Struecker MY, Yi Y, Kim D, Kim H. Time for Korean wildlife conservation. Science 2019; 363:1161-1162. [PMID: 30872512 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaw9023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amaël Borzée
- Division of EcoScience and College of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | | | - Yoonjung Yi
- Division of EcoScience and College of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daemin Kim
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Hankyu Kim
- Forest Ecosystems and Society, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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15
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Kim E, Cahyana AN, Jang Y, Borzée A. Breeding range variation between Korean hylids (Dryophytes sp.). JOURNAL OF ASIA-PACIFIC BIODIVERSITY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japb.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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16
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Borzée A, Choi Y, Kim YE, Jablonski PG, Jang Y. Interspecific Variation in Seasonal Migration and Brumation Behavior in Two Closely Related Species of Treefrogs. Front Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2019.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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17
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Borzée A, Andersen D, Jang Y. Population trend inferred from aural surveys for calling anurans in Korea. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5568. [PMID: 30258708 PMCID: PMC6151124 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amphibian populations fluctuate naturally in size and range and large datasets are required to establish trends in species dynamics. To determine population trends for the endangered Suweon Treefrog (Dryophytes suweonensis), we conducted aural surveys in 2015, 2016, and 2017 at each of 122 sites where the species was known to occur in the Republic of Korea. Despite being based on individual counts, the focus of this study was to establish population trends rather than population size estimates, and we found both environmental and landscape variables to be significant factors. Encroachment was also a key factor that influenced both the decreasing number of calling individuals and the negative population dynamics, represented here by the difference in the number of calling individuals between years. Generally, most sites displayed minimal differences in the number of calling males between years, although there was a large fluctuation in the number of individuals at some sites. Finally, when adjusted for the overall population size difference between years, we found the population size to be decreasing between 2015 and 2017, with a significant decrease in the number of calling individuals at specific sites. High rate of encroachment was the principal explanatory factor behind these marked negative peaks in population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaël Borzée
- Laboratory of Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Desiree Andersen
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yikweon Jang
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Women’s University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Borzée A, Heo K, Jang Y. Relationship between agro-environmental variables and breeding Hylids in rice paddies. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8049. [PMID: 29795247 PMCID: PMC5966434 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26222-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
When natural wetlands are destroyed, many anuran species are forced to breed in alternative habitats such as rice paddies. We conducted field surveys for the endangered Dryophytes suweonensis and the numerous D. japonicus, from the beginning of the breeding season until two weeks after its peak. We recorded the presence, number of individuals and calling indices for each species. We hypothesized that D. japonicus would start breeding earlier than D. suweonensis, which would have originally been breeding solely in floodplains. The results of our analyses demonstrate that the rice cultivation phase was the most important factor in predicting the calling activities of both species. Furthermore, peak calling activities of both species matched the optimal hydroperiod in rice paddies. In addition, D. japonicus breeding behaviour was influenced by environmental variables such as temperature, whereas D. suweonensis seemed to require the planting of rice seedlings to initiate breeding. Therefore, as both Dryophytes species’ breeding activities are influenced by agro-environmental variables, this study highlights the importance of also preserving anthropogenically modified landscapes for the conservation of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaël Borzée
- Laboratory of Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyongman Heo
- College of Natural Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, 03016, Korea.,Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Yikweon Jang
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea. .,Interdisciplinary Program of EcoCreative, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 03760, Republic of Korea.
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Borzée A, Yu AY, Jang Y. Variations in boldness, behavioural and physiological traits of an endangered and a common hylid species from Korea. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2018.1441192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amaël Borzée
- Laboratory of Behavioral Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Ai-Yun Yu
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
| | - Yikweon Jang
- Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
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20
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Borzée A, Kyong CN, Kil HK, Jang Y. Impact of Water Quality on the Occurrence of Two Endangered Korean Anurans:Dryophytes suweonensisandPelophylax chosenicus. HERPETOLOGICA 2018. [DOI: 10.1655/herpetologica-d-17-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amaël Borzée
- School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, 151–742, Republic of Korea
| | - Choi Nak Kyong
- Seoul Research Institute of Health and Environment, Gwacheon, 427–070, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Kyung Kil
- Seoul Research Institute of Health and Environment, Gwacheon, 427–070, Republic of Korea
| | - Yikweon Jang
- Department of Life Sciences and Division of EcoScience, Ewha Woman's University, Seoul, 120–750, Republic of Korea
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21
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Borzée A, Santos JL, Sánchez-RamÍrez S, Bae Y, Heo K, Jang Y, Jowers MJ. Phylogeographic and population insights of the Asian common toad ( Bufo gargarizans) in Korea and China: population isolation and expansions as response to the ice ages. PeerJ 2017; 5:e4044. [PMID: 29201561 PMCID: PMC5710166 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of ice ages on speciation have been well documented for many European and North American taxa. In contrast, very few studies have addressed the consequences of such environmental and topographical changes in North East Asian species. More precisely, the Korean Peninsula offers a unique model to assess patterns and processes of speciation as it hosts the northern- and eastern-most distribution limit of some widespread Asian taxa. Despite this, studies addressing phylogeographic patterns and population genetics in the peninsula and surrounding countries are few and studies for most families are lacking. Here we inferred the phylogenetic relationships of the common toad (Bufo gargarizans) from South Korea and their North East Asian counterpart populations, based on mitochondrial data. Korean B. gargarizans GenBank BLASTs matched few individuals from nearby China, but the presence of a Korean clade suggests isolation on the Korean Peninsula, previous to the last glacial maximum, linked to sea level resurgence. Molecular clock calibrations within this group were used to date the divergence between clades and their relationship to paleo-climatic events in the area. Lack of genetic structure among South Korean populations and strong homogeneity between the Korean and some Chinese localities suggest weak isolation and recent expansion. Geographical projection of continuous coalescent maximum-clade-credibility trees shows an original Chinese expansion towards the Korean Peninsula through the Yellow Sea circa two million years ago with colonisation events dating circa 800 thousand years ago (K. y. a.). Following this colonisation, the data point to outgoing Korean Peninsula dispersal events throughout different periods, towards the North through land, and West through land bridge formations over the Yellow Sea during sea level falls. In accordance, demographic analyses revealed a population expansion in the Koran Peninsula circa 300 K. y. a., likely attributed to glacial cycle fluctuations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaël Borzée
- Laboratory of Behavioural Ecology and Evolution, School of Biological Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Life Sciences, Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joana L Santos
- CIBIO/InBIO (Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos), Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrario De Vairão, Portugal
| | - Santiago Sánchez-RamÍrez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Natural History, Royal Ontario Museum, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yoonhyuk Bae
- Academy of Life Science and Biotechnology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea
| | - Kyongman Heo
- College of Natural Science, Sangmyung University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yikweon Jang
- Department of Life Sciences, Division of EcoScience, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Michael Joseph Jowers
- CIBIO/InBIO (Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos), Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrario De Vairão, Portugal.,National Institute of Ecology, Geumgang-ro, Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun, South Chungcheong Province, South Korea
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