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Adel A, Abdul-Hamid M, Abdel-Kawi SH, A. Abdelaziz M, Sakr HI, Ahmed OM. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells reduce CCl 4-induced kidney injury and fibrosis in male Wistar rats. Ren Fail 2024; 46:2319330. [PMID: 39049729 PMCID: PMC11275530 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2024.2319330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM This study explores the possible therapeutic role of rats and mice bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) on renal damage and toxicity brought on by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) in Wistar rats. METHODS Following an intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (0.5 mL/kg b.w. twice weekly) for eight weeks, male Wistar rats were intravenously treated with rats and mice BM-MSCs (1 × 106 cells in 0.2 mL Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)/rat/week) a week for four weeks. Kidney functions were evaluated and kidney samples were examined using hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), Masson's trichrome (MT) staining techniques, and electron microscopy analysis. Kidney cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), protein 53 (p53), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were detected by immunohistochemical staining techniques. Additionally, bioindicators of oxidative stress and antioxidant defense systems were identified in kidney tissue. RESULTS In CCl4-injected rats, serum creatinine, urea, and uric acid levels significantly increased, as did renal lipid peroxidation (LPO), while superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH) transferase, and GSH levels significantly dropped in the kidneys. Histologically, the kidneys displayed a wide range of structural abnormalities, such as glomerular shrinkage, tubular dilations, inflammatory leukocytic infiltration, fibroblast proliferation, and elevated collagen content. Inflammatory cytokines like COX-2 and TNF-α as well as the pro-apoptotic mediator p53 were considerably upregulated. Treatment of BM-MSCs from mice and rats with CCl4-injected rats considerably reduced the previously noted abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS By boosting antioxidant defense and reducing apoptosis and inflammation, BM-MSCs from mice and rats were able to enhance kidney function and histological integrity in rats that had received CCl4 injections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Adel
- Histology, Cell Biology and Genetic Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Manal Abdul-Hamid
- Histology, Cell Biology and Genetic Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Samraa H. Abdel-Kawi
- Medical Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Abdelaziz
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Medical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hader I. Sakr
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Medical Physiology, General Medicine Practice Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama M. Ahmed
- Molecular Physiology Division, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
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Preparation and Characterization of Silymarin-Conjugated Gold Nanoparticles with Enhanced Anti-Fibrotic Therapeutic Effects against Hepatic Fibrosis in Rats: Role of MicroRNAs as Molecular Targets. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9121767. [PMID: 34944582 PMCID: PMC8698929 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main obstacles of silymarin (SIL) application in liver diseases are its low bioavailability, elevated metabolism, rapid excretion in bile and urine, and inefficient intestinal resorption. The study aimed to synthesize and characterize silymarin-conjugated gold nanoparticles (SGNPs) formulation to improve SIL bioavailability and release for potentiating its antifibrotic action. METHODS Both SGNPs and gold nanoparticles (GNPs) were prepared and characterized using standard characterization techniques. The improved formulation was assessed for in vitro drug release study and in vivo study on rats using CCl4 induced hepatic fibrosis model. SIL, SGNPs, and GNPs were administered by oral gavage daily for 30 days. At the end of the study, rats underwent anesthesia and were sacrificed, serum samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Liver tissues were collected to measure the genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) expressions. Also, histopathological and immunohistochemistry (IHC) examinations of hepatic tissues supported these results. RESULTS The successful formation and conjugation of SGNPs were confirmed by measurements methods. The synthesized nanohybrid SGNPs showed significant antifibrotic therapeutic action against CCl4-induced hepatic damage in rats, and preserved normal body weight, liver weight, liver index values, retained normal hepatic functions, lowered inflammatory markers, declined lipid peroxidation, and activated the antioxidant pathway nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2). The antifibrotic activities of SGNPs mediated through enhancing the hepatic expression of the protective miRNAs; miR-22, miR-29c, and miR-219a which results in suppressed expression of the main fibrosis mediators; TGFβR1, COL3A1, and TGFβR2, respectively. The histopathology and IHC analysis confirmed the anti-fibrotic effects of SGNPs. CONCLUSIONS The successful synthesis of SGNPs with sizes ranging from 16 up to 20 nm and entrapment efficiency and loading capacity 96% and 38.69%, respectively. In vivo studies revealed that the obtained nano-formulation of SIL boosted its anti-fibrotic effects.
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Wu MC, Meng QH. Current understanding of mesenchymal stem cells in liver diseases. World J Stem Cells 2021; 13:1349-1359. [PMID: 34630867 PMCID: PMC8474713 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v13.i9.1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases caused by various factors have become a significant threat to public health worldwide. Liver transplantation has been considered as the only effective treatment for end-stage liver diseases; however, it is limited by the shortage of donor organs, postoperative complications, long-term immunosuppression, and high cost of treatment. Thus, it is not available for all patients. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transplantation has been extensively explored for repairing hepatic injury in various liver diseases. MSCs are multipotent adult progenitor cells originated from the embryonic mesoderm, and can be found in mesenchymal tissues including the bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, adipose tissue, liver, lung, and others. Although the precise mechanisms of MSC transplantation remain mysterious, MSCs have been demonstrated to be able to prevent the progression of liver injury and improve liver function. MSCs can self-renew by dividing, migrating to injury sites and differentiating into multiple cell types including hepatocytes. Additionally, MSCs have immune-modulatory properties and release paracrine soluble factors. Indeed, the safety and effectiveness of MSC therapy for liver diseases have been demonstrated in animals. However, pre-clinical and clinical trials are largely required to confirm its safety and efficacy before large scale clinical application. In this review, we will explore the molecular mechanisms underlying therapeutic effects of MSCs on liver diseases. We also summarize clinical advances in MSC-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-Chen Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology,You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Qing-Hua Meng
- Department of Medical Oncology,You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
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Mahmood A, Seetharaman R, Kshatriya P, Patel D, Srivastava AS. Stem Cell Transplant for Advanced Stage Liver Disorders: Current Scenario and Future Prospects. Curr Med Chem 2021; 27:6276-6293. [PMID: 31584360 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666191004161802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic Liver Disorders (CLD), caused by the lifestyle patterns like alcoholism or by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or because of virus-mediated hepatitis, affect a large population fraction across the world. CLD progresses into end-stage diseases with a high mortality rate. Liver transplant is the only approved treatment available for such end-stage disease patients. However, the number of liver transplants is limited due to the limited availability of suitable donors and the extremely high cost of performing the procedure. Under such circumstances, Stem Cell (SC) mediated liver regeneration has emerged as a potential therapeutic alternative approach. OBJECTIVE This review aims to critically analyze the current status and future prospects of stem cellbased interventions for end-stage liver diseases. The clinical studies undertaken, the mechanism underlying therapeutic effects and future directions have been examined. METHOD The clinical trial databases were searched at https://clinicaltrials.gov.in and http://www.isrctn.com to identify randomized, non-randomized and controlled studies undertaken with keywords such as "liver disorder and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)", "liver cirrhosis and MSCs" and "liver disorder and SCs". Furthermore, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ database was also explored with similar keywords for finding the available reports and their critical analyses. RESULTS The search results yielded a significant number of studies that used bone marrow-derived stem cells, MSCs and hepatocytes. The studies clearly indicated that SCs play a key role in the hepatoprotection process by some mechanisms involving anti-inflammation, auto-immune-suppression, angiogenesis and anti-apoptosis. Further, studies indicated that SCs derived paracrine factors promote angiogenesis, reduce inflammation and inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis. CONCLUSION The SC-based interventions provide a significant improvement in patients with CLD; however, there is a need for randomized, controlled studies with the analysis of a long-term follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anand S Srivastava
- Global Institute of Stem Cell Therapy and Research, 4660 La Jolla Village Drive, San Diego, CA 92122, United States
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Kadam R, Wiafe B, Metcalfe PD. Mesenchymal stem cells ameliorate partial bladder outlet obstruction-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition type II independent of mast cell recruitment and degranulation. Can Urol Assoc J 2020; 15:E29-E35. [PMID: 32701447 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.6501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Partial bladder outlet obstruction (pBOO) results in increased urinary storage pressure and significant morbidity. Increased pressure results in a sequence of programmed events: an initial inflammatory phase, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and fibrosis. Although epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mast cell accumulation play intermediary roles in some fibrotic conditions, their role in pBOO has not yet been elucidated. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is emerging as a promising treatment for several conditions. It potently inhibits bladder deterioration after pBOO; however, its mechanism of action is insufficiently understood. Thus, we hypothesize that EMT type II pathway plays a significant role in pBOO, aided by the recruitment and activation of mast cells, and these are potently inhibited by MSCs. METHODS pBOO was surgically induced in female Sprague-Dawley rats and simultaneously treated with MSCs. Treatment effect was determined after two or four weeks and compared to untreated controls. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure markers characteristic of EMT (vimentin, collagenase, and collagen). Whole and degranulated mast cell counts were also performed. RESULTS pBOO resulted in an increased expression of collagenase, vimentin, and collagen. Mast cell recruitment increased proportionately to the length of bladder obstruction. MSC treatment significantly mitigated the EMT type II response, but mast cell recruitment and degranulation were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate the involvement of EMT type II in the pathophysiology of pBOO and confirm its mitigation with MSC treatment independent of mast cells response. The observations provide insight into the mechanism of action and have therapeutic ramifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutuja Kadam
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Bridget Wiafe
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Peter D Metcalfe
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Wang J, Fu X, Yan Y, Li S, Duan Y, Marie Inglis B, Si W, Zheng B. In vitro differentiation of rhesus macaque bone marrow- and adipose tissue-derived MSCs into hepatocyte-like cells. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:251-260. [PMID: 32518605 PMCID: PMC7273898 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthotopic liver or hepatocyte transplantation is effective for the treatment of acute liver injury and end-stage chronic liver disease. However, both of these therapies are hampered by the extreme shortage of organ donors. The clinical application of cell therapy through the substitution of hepatocytes with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that have been differentiated into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) for liver disease treatment is expected to overcome this shortage. Bone marrow and adipose tissue are two major sources of MSCs [bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) and adipose tissue-derived MSCs (AT-MSCs), respectively]. However, knowledge about the variability in the differentiation potential between BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs is lacking. In the present study, the hepatogenic differentiation potential of rhesus macaque BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs was compared with the evaluation of morphology, immunophenotyping profiles, differentiation potential, glycogen deposition, urea secretion and hepatocyte-specific gene expression. The results indicated that BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs shared similar characteristics in terms of primary morphology, surface markers and trilineage differentiation potential (adipogenesis, osteogenesis and chondrogenesis). Subsequently, the hepatogenic differentiation potential of BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs was evaluated by morphology, glycogen accumulation, urea synthesis and expression of hepatocyte marker genes. The results indicated that rhesus BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs had hepatogenic differentiation ability. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to detect the hepatogenic differentiation potential of rhesus macaque BM-MSCs and AT-MSCs. The present study provides the basis for the selection of seed cells that can trans-differentiate into HLCs for cytotherapy of acute or chronic liver injuries in either clinical or veterinary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfeng Wang
- Department of Hepatic and Bile Duct Surgery, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunhua Hospital Affiliated to Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China.,Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Xufeng Fu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 741001, P.R. China.,School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Yan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Yanchao Duan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Briauna Marie Inglis
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Wei Si
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China
| | - Bingrong Zheng
- School of Medicine, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P.R. China
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Furuta T, Furuya K, Zheng YW, Oda T. Novel alternative transplantation therapy for orthotopic liver transplantation in liver failure: A systematic review. World J Transplant 2020; 10:64-78. [PMID: 32257850 PMCID: PMC7109592 DOI: 10.5500/wjt.v10.i3.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the only treatment for end-stage liver failure; however, graft shortage impedes its applicability. Therefore, studies investigating alternative therapies are plenty. Nevertheless, no study has comprehensively analyzed these therapies from different perspectives.
AIM To summarize the current status of alternative transplantation therapies for OLT and to support future research.
METHODS A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE for articles published between January 2010 and 2018, using the following MeSH terms: [(liver transplantation) AND cell] OR [(liver transplantation) AND differentiation] OR [(liver transplantation) AND organoid] OR [(liver transplantation) AND xenotransplantation]. Various types of studies describing therapies to replace OLT were retrieved for full-text evaluation. Among them, we selected articles including in vivo transplantation.
RESULTS A total of 89 studies were selected. There are three principle forms of treatment for liver failure: Xeno-organ transplantation, scaffold-based transplantation, and cell transplantation. Xeno-organ transplantation was covered in 14 articles, scaffold-based transplantation was discussed in 22 articles, and cell transplantation was discussed in 53 articles. Various types of alternative therapies were discussed: Organ liver, 25 articles; adult hepatocytes, 31 articles; fetal hepatocytes, three articles; mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), 25 articles; embryonic stem cells, one article; and induced pluripotent stem cells, three articles and other sources. Clinical applications were discussed in 12 studies: Cell transplantation using hepatocytes in four studies, five studies using umbilical cord-derived MSCs, three studies using bone marrow-derived MSCs, and two studies using hematopoietic stem cells.
CONCLUSION The clinical applications are present only for cell transplantation. Scaffold-based transplantation is a comprehensive treatment combining organ and cell transplantations, which warrants future research to find relevant clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Furuta
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kinji Furuya
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yun-Wen Zheng
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
- Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, Jiangsu Province, China
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oda
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba-shi 305-8575, Ibaraki, Japan
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Xu H, Zhao G, Zhang Y, Jiang H, Wang W, Zhao D, Hong J, Yu H, Qi L. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomal microRNA-133b suppresses glioma progression via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by targeting EZH2. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:381. [PMID: 31842978 PMCID: PMC6915914 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1446-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) play a significant role in cancer initiation and metastasis, sometimes by releasing exosomes that mediate cell communication by delivering microRNAs (miRNAs). This study aimed to investigate the effects of exosomal miR-133b derived from MSCs on glioma cell behaviors. Methods Microarray-based analysis identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in glioma. The expression patterns of EZH2 and miR-133b along with interaction between them were clarified in glioma. The expression of miR-133b and EZH2 in glioma cells was altered to examine their functions on cell activities. Furthermore, glioma cells were co-cultured with MSC-derived exosomes treated with miR-133b mimic or inhibitor, and EZH2-over-expressing vectors or shRNA against EZH2 to characterize their effect on proliferation, invasion, and migration of glioma cells in vitro. In vivo assays were also performed to validate the in vitro findings. Results miR-133b was downregulated while EZH2 was upregulated in glioma tissues and cells. miR-133b was found to target and negatively regulate EZH2 expression. Moreover, EZH2 silencing resulted in inhibited glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Additionally, MSC-derived exosomes containing miR-133b repressed glioma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration by inhibiting EZH2 and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, in vivo experiments confirmed the tumor-suppressive effects of MSC-derived exosomal miR-133b on glioma development. Conclusion Collectively, the obtained results suggested that MSC-derived exosomes carrying miR-133b could attenuate glioma development via disrupting the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting EZH2, which provides a potential treatment biomarker for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Xu
- Department of Oncological Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guifang Zhao
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24, Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Pathophysiology, Jilin Medical University, No. 5, Jilin Street, Jilin, 132013, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Neurovascular, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiyao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jilin Medical University, No. 5, Jilin Street, Jilin, 132013, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Donghai Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jilin Medical University, No. 5, Jilin Street, Jilin, 132013, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Hong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jilin Medical University, No. 5, Jilin Street, Jilin, 132013, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongquan Yu
- Department of Oncological Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 71, Xinmin Street, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ling Qi
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, B24, Yinquan South Road, Qingyuan, 511518, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Pathophysiology, Jilin Medical University, No. 5, Jilin Street, Jilin, 132013, Jilin Province, People's Republic of China.
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Adipose-Derived Stem Cell Transplantation Attenuates Inflammation and Promotes Liver Regeneration after Ischemia-Reperfusion and Hemihepatectomy in Swine. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2489584. [PMID: 31827526 PMCID: PMC6885808 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2489584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To study the anti-inflammatory and liver regenerative effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) on a porcine model of ischemia-reperfusion (IR) and hemihepatectomy. Methods Eighteen healthy Bama miniature pigs were randomly divided into the sham-operated (sham), untreated IR injury (IRI), and ADSC-transplanted (ADSC) groups. Hepatic IR was established by laparoscopic hemihepatectomy. ADSCs were transplanted directly into the liver parenchyma after the surgery. Hepatic inflammation and liver regeneration were evaluated by histopathological examination and assessment of relevant cytokines and other factors. Results ADSC transplantation successfully ameliorated the IRI-induced histopathological damage and the high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. In addition, the ADSCs enhanced the expression of the anti-inflammatory IL-10, regenerative factors including HGF, Cyclin D1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and angiogenic factors like VEGF, ANG-1, and ANG-2. Conclusions ADSCs attenuated the hepatic IRI-induced inflammatory response and promoted liver regeneration.
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Jiang B, Fu X, Yan L, Li S, Zhao D, Wang X, Duan Y, Yan Y, Li E, Wu K, Inglis BM, Ji W, Xu RH, Si W. Transplantation of human ESC-derived mesenchymal stem cell spheroids ameliorates spontaneous osteoarthritis in rhesus macaques. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:6587-6600. [PMID: 31588237 PMCID: PMC6771254 DOI: 10.7150/thno.35391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiated from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), name EMSCs, can treat a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, with similar efficacies to those achieved with MSCs derived from somatic tissues such as bone marrow (BMSCs). The chance increases even higher for EMSCs, than somatic tissue derived MSCs, to become a cell drug as the former can be produced in large scale from an unlimited hESC line with easier quality control and less biosafety concern. We have further demonstrated that both human ESCs and EMSCs, after aggregation to form spheroids, can tolerate hypoxic and ambient conditions (AC) for over 4 and 10 days, respectively, without loss of their viability and alteration of their functions. Based on these advantages, we decided to test whether EMSC spheroids, made in large quantity and delivered through a long-term distance at AC, can treat osteoarthritis spontaneously developed in rhesus macaques (M. mulatta) monkeys as well as the allogenic MSCs. Methods: Xenogeneic AC-transported EMSC spheroids or allogenic BMSCs were injected into the articular cavity of both knees of the monkeys at 3 animals per group. Another two macaques were injected the same way with saline as controls. Results: Both EMSCs and BMSCs groups showed significant amelioration indicated by the reduction of swelling joint size and amplification of keen flare angle post-treatment, compared to the control group. Examinations via X-ray and MRI also indicated the decrease of inflammation and osteophyma, and recovery of the synovium and cartilage in both treated groups. No sign of allergy or graft versus host disease was observed in the animals. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that human EMSC spheroids can prevent the osteoarthtitis progression and ameliorate osteoarthritis in the rhesus macaques as well as allogenic BMSCs, and this study shall help advance the clinical application of EMSCs.
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11
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Hu C, Zhao L, Duan J, Li L. Strategies to improve the efficiency of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for reversal of liver fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:1657-1670. [PMID: 30635966 PMCID: PMC6378173 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
End‐stage liver fibrosis frequently progresses to portal vein thrombosis, formation of oesophageal varices, hepatic encephalopathy, ascites, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), when transplanted in vivo, migrate into fibrogenic livers and then differentiate into hepatocyte‐like cells or fuse with hepatocytes to protect liver function. Moreover, they can produce various growth factors and cytokines with anti‐inflammatory effects to reverse the fibrotic state of the liver. In addition, only a small number of MSCs migrate to the injured tissue after cell transplantation; consequently, multiple studies have investigated effective strategies to improve the survival rate and activity of MSCs for the treatment of liver fibrosis. In this review, we intend to arrange and analyse the current evidence related to MSC transplantation in liver fibrosis, to summarize the detailed mechanisms of MSC transplantation for the reversal of liver fibrosis and to discuss new strategies for this treatment. Finally, and most importantly, we will identify the current problems with MSC‐based therapies to repair liver fibrosis that must be addressed in order to develop safer and more effective routes for MSC transplantation. In this way, it will soon be possible to significantly improve the therapeutic effects of MSC transplantation for liver regeneration, as well as enhance the quality of life and prolong the survival time of patients with liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lingfei Zhao
- Kidney Disease Center, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease Prevention and Control Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China.,Institute of Nephrology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Duan
- The Key Laboratory of Mental Disorder Management of Zhejiang Province, Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, PR China
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12
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Jin W, Liang X, Brooks A, Futrega K, Liu X, Doran MR, Simpson MJ, Roberts MS, Wang H. Modelling of the SDF-1/CXCR4 regulated in vivo homing of therapeutic mesenchymal stem/stromal cells in mice. PeerJ 2018; 6:e6072. [PMID: 30564525 PMCID: PMC6286806 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are a promising tool for cell-based therapies in the treatment of tissue injury. The stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) axis plays a significant role in directing MSC homing to sites of injury. However in vivo MSC distribution following intravenous transplantation remains poorly understood, potentially hampering the precise prediction and evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. Methods A murine model of partial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is used to induce liver injury, increase the hepatic levels of SDF-1, and study in vivo MSC distribution. Hypoxia-preconditioning increases the expression of CXCR4 in human bone marrow-derived MSCs. Quantitative assays for human DNA using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) allow us to examine the in vivo kinetics of intravenously infused human MSCs in mouse blood and liver. A mathematical model-based system is developed to characterize in vivo homing of human MSCs in mouse models with SDF-1 levels in liver and CXCR4 expression on the transfused MSCs. The model is calibrated to experimental data to provide novel estimates of relevant parameter values. Results Images of immunohistochemistry for SDF-1 in the mouse liver with I/R injury show a significantly higher SDF-1 level in the I/R injured liver than that in the control. Correspondingly, the ddPCR results illustrate a higher MSC concentration in the I/R injured liver than the normal liver. CXCR4 is overexpressed in hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs. An increased number of hypoxia-preconditioned MSCs in the I/R injured liver is observed from the ddPCR results. The model simulations align with the experimental data of control and hypoxia-preconditioned human MSC distribution in normal and injured mouse livers, and accurately predict the experimental outcomes with different MSC doses. Discussion The modelling results suggest that SDF-1 in organs is an effective in vivo attractant for MSCs through the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis and reveal the significance of the SDF-1/CXCR4 chemotaxis on in vivo homing of MSCs. This in vivo modelling approach allows qualitative characterization and prediction of the MSC homing to normal and injured organs on the basis of clinically accessible variables, such as the MSC dose and SDF-1 concentration in blood. This model could also be adapted to abnormal conditions and/or other types of circulating cells to predict in vivo homing patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Jin
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xiaowen Liang
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anastasia Brooks
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kathryn Futrega
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Xin Liu
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael R Doran
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Matthew J Simpson
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Michael S Roberts
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Haolu Wang
- Therapeutics Research Centre, The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
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Essawy AE, Abdel-Wahab WM, Sadek IA, Khamis OM. Dual protective effect of ginger and rosemary extracts against CCl 4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:19510-19517. [PMID: 29730760 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2129-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the protective effect of aqueous extracts of ginger (GE) and rosemary (RE), both individually and in combination, on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in adult male rats. CCl4 induced significant increase in liver enzymes, bilirubin, triglycerides, and total cholesterol while total protein, albumin, and globulin were significantly decreased. Also, the activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) and oxidative stress markers were found to be elevated with a concomitant decrease in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in hepatic tissue. Supplementation with extracts of ginger or rosemary effectively relieved most of the CCl4-induced alterations when administered singly. The joint therapy of the two extracts was more effective. The histological investigation strongly confirmed the highly protective effect of the two plant extracts in the hepatocytes. These findings suggest that rosemary and ginger extracts are effective in improving both the function and structure of the hepatocytes through their potent antioxidant effect and point out to the possibility of using a combination of both as an adjunct therapy in liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina E Essawy
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wessam M Abdel-Wahab
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Department of Basic Sciences/Biology Unit, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 2114, Dammam, 31451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ismail A Sadek
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Omnia M Khamis
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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