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Chiba T, Wang T, Kikuchi S. Colonoscopic Resolution of Melanosis Coli After Cessation of Senna Laxative Use. Int Med Case Rep J 2024; 17:783-787. [PMID: 39282237 PMCID: PMC11402352 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s475869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Melanosis coli occurs with the administration of stimulant laxatives for the relief of constipation. However, the duration of macroscopic improvement of melanosis coli after discontinuation of anthracene laxatives is not well understood. We describe the case of an 81-year-old female diagnosed with melanosis coli via colonoscopy who had been taking senna laxatives for 5 years. Seven months after cessation of senna laxatives, colonoscopy showed no melanosis coli in the colon. This impressive report describes the observation of melanosis coli with colonoscopy; 7 months after the withdrawal of senna stimulant laxatives, melanosis coli resolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshimi Chiba
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Ting Wang
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Oral Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kikuchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sanai Hospital, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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Luan Z, Liu F, Zhang L, Chen J, Zhao Y, Li C, Liu Z, Li H, Dong L, Zang F, Han L, Zhao T, Wang Q, Sun G, Wang S. A self-reported symptom-based decision-making model helps to rule out outpatient cases at low risk for CRC before colonoscopy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33619. [PMID: 39091940 PMCID: PMC11292515 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Effective exclusion of low-risk symptomatic outpatient cases for colorectal cancer (CRC) remains diagnostic challenges. We aimed to develop a self-reported symptom-based decision-making model for application in outpatient scenarios. Methods In total, 8233 symptomatic cases at risk for CRC, as judged by outpatient physicians, were involved in this study at seven medical centers. A decision-making model was constructed using 60 self-reported symptom parameters collected from the questionnaire. Further internal and external validation cohorts were built to evaluate the discriminatory power of the CRC model. The discriminatory power of the CRC model was assessed by the C-index and calibration plot. After that, the clinical utility and user experience of the CRC model were evaluated. Results Nine symptom parameters were identified as valuable predictors used for modeling. Internal and external validation cohorts verified the adequate discriminatory power of the CRC model. In the clinical application step, all 17 physicians found the model easy to grasp, 99.9 % of the patients were satisfied with the survey form. Application of this model detected all CRC cases. The total consistency ratio of outpatient cases undergoing colonoscopy was 81.4 %. None of the low-risk patients defined by the CRC model had been diagnosed with CRC. Conclusion This multicenter study developed and validated a simple and user-friendly decision-making model covering self-reported information. The CRC model has been demonstrated to perform well in terms of rapid outpatient decision-making scenarios and clinical utility, particularly because it can better rule out low-risk outpatient cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Luan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Department of Oncology, 5th Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030009, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, 572013, China
| | - Congyong Li
- Sixth Health Care Department, Second Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhaoyun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningde Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningde, 352100, China
| | - Huawei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Panjin Central Hospital, Panjin, 124013, China
| | - Li Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030009, China
| | - Funing Zang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Pizhou City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pizhou, 221300, China
| | - Lingyan Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medical Hospital, Taiyuan, 030012, China
| | - Tianyue Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Panjin Central Hospital, Panjin, 124013, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ningde Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ningde, 352100, China
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Shufang Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
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Zhang R, Huang C, Wu F, Fang K, Jiang S, Zhao Y, Chen G, Dong R. Review on melanosis coli and anthraquinone-containing traditional Chinese herbs that cause melanosis coli. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1160480. [PMID: 37214441 PMCID: PMC10193150 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1160480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Backgrounds: The incidence of melanosis coli (MC) has gradually increased annually, attracting significant attention and efforts into this field. A potential risk for MC is the long-term use of anthraquinone laxatives in patients with constipation. Most traditional cathartic drugs are made from herbs containing anthraquinone compounds. This review aims to provide guidance for the application of traditional Chinese herbs containing anthraquinones for physicians and researchers. Materials and methods: We reviewed risk factors and pathogenesis of MC, and natural anthraquinones isolated from TCM herbs. We searched Pubmed and CNKI databases for literature related to MC with keywords such as"traditional Chinese medicine", "Chinese herbs", "anthraquinones", and "melanosis coli". The literature is current to January 2023 when the searches were last completed. After the literature retrieval, the TCM herbs containing anthraquinones (including component identification and anthraquinone content determination) applied in clinical were selected. According to the collected evidence, we provide a list of herbs containing anthraquinones that could cause MC. Results: We identified 20 herbs belonging to 7 families represented by Polygonaceae, Fabaceae, Rhamnaceae, and Rubiaceae, which may play a role in the pathogenesis of MC. Among these, the herbs most commonly used include Dahuang (Rhei Radix et Rhizome), Heshouwu (Radix Polygoni Multiflori), Huzhang (Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati), Juemingzi (Semen Cassiae), Luhui (Aloe) and Qiancao (Rubiae Radix et Rhizoma). Conclusion: Due to a lack of awareness of the chemical composition of TCM herbs, many patients with constipation and even some TCM physicians take cathartic herbal remedies containing abundant anthraquinones to relieve defecation disturbances, resulting in long-term dependence on these herbs, which is potentially associated with most cases of MC. When such treatments are prescribed, TCM physicians should avoid long-term use in large doses to reduce their harm on colonic health. Individuals who take healthcare products containing these herbs should also be under the supervision of a doctor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Zhang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cai Huang
- Grade 2019 of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Clinical Medicine, Second Clinical School, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Fang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shujun Jiang
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruolan Dong
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Zhao W, Chen J, Xing H, Yu J, Liu Q. Case report: Melanosis coli combined with colon cancer, causality or coincidence? Front Surg 2022; 9:973883. [PMID: 36117832 PMCID: PMC9471420 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.973883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The habitual use of laxative containing anthraquinone glycosides is considered to be the main cause of melanosis coli (MC). In the past, most scholars considered MC to be a benign and reversible disease. However, new evidence has emerged that MC may increase the risk of colon cancer. Here, we report a case of a 48-year-old woman diagnosed with MC and colon cancer. Through a literature review of previous basic and clinical studies, we summarize existing evidence that reveals the possible association between MC and colon cancer. Although this case cannot establish causality between MC and colon cancer, a high level of clinical vigilance for occurrence of colon cancer in patients with MC should be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jianan Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Xing
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Surgery, the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Correspondence: Jun Yu Qian Liu
| | - Qian Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Correspondence: Jun Yu Qian Liu
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Melanosis Coli Is Not Associated with Colonic Dysmotility Nor Severity of Pediatric Functional Constipation. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:3922-3928. [PMID: 34379221 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-07191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sennosides are commonly used for the treatment of constipation and associated with melanosis coli. In the present study, we evaluated the utility of melanosis coli as a marker of severity and its association with colonic motility in children with functional constipation. METHODS Prospective study includes pediatric patients undergoing colonic manometry and colonic biopsies. Demographic data, medication history, surgical history, colonic manometry results (gastrocolonic response to a meal, high-amplitude propagating contractions, and nonpropagating contractions), colonic manometry catheter position, and pathologic results were collected and analyzed. We compared those variables with outcome (need for surgery) between both patient groups (presence or absence of melanosis coli). RESULTS A total of 150 patients were included, median age was 9.9 years (range 2.1-18) and 77 (51.3%) were female, 17 had melanosis. Patients who took sennosides had higher rates of melanosis coli compared to those who did not (adjusted OR 13.88; 95% CI 4.05-47.57; P < 0.001), and we did not find an association between melanosis coli and use of other medications (osmotic laxatives, bisacodyl, lubiprostone), age, gender, weight, and height. We found no significant difference in the results colonic manometry between patients with and without melanosis coli. The rates of surgery for constipation between patients with and without melanosis coli were not statistically different. (OR 3.00; 95% CI 0.45-20.07; P = 0.257). CONCLUSIONS Melanosis coli is associated with sennosides use, but it does not influence colonic motility nor is associated with increased subsequent need for surgery in pediatric functional constipation.
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Zhang Y, Zhan TT, Dong ZY, Sun HH, Wang JW, Chen Y, Xu SC. Melanosis coli: A factor not associated with histological progression of colorectal polyps. J Dig Dis 2022; 23:302-309. [PMID: 35661415 PMCID: PMC9541455 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study we aimed to investigate the association of melanosis coli (MC) and the colorectal polyp detection rate (PDR). METHODS In all, 1104 MC patients and 62 181 non-MC participants were enrolled. And 2208 controls were matched by participants' age and gender, and quality of bowel preparation using the propensity score matching (PSM) method. Additionally, 490 polyps in MC and 980 in controls matched by age and gender, and size and location of polyps were analyzed. The association of PDR and pathological features of polyps with MC were also analyzed. RESULTS MC patients showed a higher PDR (44.3% vs 39.3%, P = 0.006) and detection rate of low-grade adenoma (45.4% vs 36.7%, P = 0.002) but fewer large polyps (≥10 mm) (18.8% vs 26.9%, P = 0.001), fewer polyps in the left colon (33.5% vs 40.0%, P = 0.018), and a lower detection rate of advanced adenoma/adenocarcinoma (17.4% vs 24.3%, P = 0.003) than the matched controls. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, MC was independently associated with an increased PDR (odds ratio 1.184, 95% confidence interval 1.045-1.343, P = 0.008). Analysis targeting polyps showed that there were significant differences in age, gender, location, and pathology (P < 0.001) between polyps with and without MC. However, after adjusting for participants' age and gender, size and location of polyps, there was no difference between the two groups in pathology (P = 0.635). CONCLUSION MC is independently associated with increased colorectal PDR, but not with histological progression of polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ting Ting Zhan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhi Yu Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hui Hui Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Wen Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shu Chang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina,Tongji Institute of Digestive Diseases, School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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Katsumata R, Manabe N, Fujita M, Ayaki M, Sunago A, Kamada T, Monobe Y, Kawamoto H, Haruma K. Colorectal neoplasms in melanosis coli: a survey in Japan and a worldwide meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:2177-2188. [PMID: 34156546 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-021-03970-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The association between melanosis coli (MC) and colorectal neoplasms remains unclear. Thus, we primarily aimed to clarify the epidemiology of MC in the Japanese population, identify the relationship between the use of anthranoids and MC, and determine the prevalence of detected intestinal lesions in patients with MC. We subsequently conducted a meta-analysis of published data, including our results, to summarize the influence of MC on the prevalence of colonic neoplasms. METHODS We conducted a retrospective survey in Japan to investigate the effects of MC on intestinal disorders. The prevalence of colorectal neoplasms and ileal ulcers was evaluated by colonoscopy, and the clinical characteristics of the participants were investigated using an electronic database. Odds ratios for colorectal neoplasms were calculated. We also performed a meta-analysis using Review Manager to reveal the comprehensive relationship between MC and colorectal neoplasms. RESULTS We enrolled 690 Japanese participants in the primary study. The prevalence of regular anthranoid use was significantly higher in the MC group than in the control group (50.9% vs. 6.5%, p < 0.01). Hyperplastic/inflammatory polyps and adenomas were more frequently detected in the MC group than in the control group. In a meta-analysis of five studies, a significantly higher prevalence of hyperplastic/inflammatory polyps and adenomas was reported in the MC group than in the control group, while the incidence of adenocarcinoma was not significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION Although hyperplastic polyps and adenomas were more frequently detected in MC patients, MC was not associated with an elevated risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Katsumata
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, 2-6-1 Nakasange Kita-ku, Okayama City, Okayama, 7008505, Japan
| | - Noriaki Manabe
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, 2-6-1 Nakasange Kita-ku, Okayama City, Okayama, 7008505, Japan.
| | - Minoru Fujita
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, 2-6-1 Nakasange Kita-ku, Okayama City, Okayama, 7008505, Japan
| | - Maki Ayaki
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, 2-6-1 Nakasange Kita-ku, Okayama City, Okayama, 7008505, Japan
| | - Aya Sunago
- Department of Health Care Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tomoari Kamada
- Department of Health Care Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Monobe
- Department of Pathology, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kawamoto
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ken Haruma
- Department of General Internal Medicine 2, Kawasaki Medical School General Medical Center, Okayama, Japan
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The pigmentation sparing sign: A diagnostic marker of adenoma on melanosis coli. ADVANCES IN DIGESTIVE MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aid2.13290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Zakaria NF, Ahmad NI, Mokhtar E, Zukiman WZHHW, Shah AM. Melanosis coli in a peritoneal dialysis patient: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2021; 15:420. [PMID: 34325745 PMCID: PMC8323308 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-021-02895-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients who undergo peritoneal dialysis (PD) are at risk of gut bacteria translocation leading to peritonitis when there is chronic diarrhea. Chronic diarrhea is defined as any course of diarrhea that lasts at least 4 weeks, which can be continuous or intermittent. Chronic diarrhea of any duration may cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and life-threatening hypovolemic shock. In PD patients, excessive ultrafiltration from the exchanges, combined with severe gastrointestinal loss, may cause hypovolemic shock, electrolyte imbalance, and metabolic acidosis. There are multiple causes of chronic diarrhea in PD patients including infective causes, mitotic lesions, and rarely the regular and excessive use of laxatives, which is a diagnosis of exclusion. CASE PRESENTATION We report a case of Melanau lady with chronic diarrhea secondary to laxative usage in a patient being treated with automated peritoneal dialysis (APD). The patient went into hypovolemic shock, but luckily did not contract peritonitis. A colonoscopy revealed brown to black discoloration of the colon, a feature suggestive of melanosis coli. A biopsy of the intestine further confirmed the diagnosis by histopathological examination. Withdrawal of laxatives and the introduction of probiotics improved the symptoms tremendously. CONCLUSIONS The chronic use of laxatives in PD patients can potentially lead to a devastating problem; thus, the management team must monitor treatment commencement appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Fadhlina Zakaria
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Nurul Izah Ahmad
- Nephrology Department, Serdang Hospital, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Elmina Mokhtar
- Nephrology Department, Serdang Hospital, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Anim Md Shah
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kuriyama
- Emergency and Critical Care Center, Kurashiki Central Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Iwamuro
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
| | | | - Hiroyuki Okada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
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Yuan S, Wang P, Zhou X, Xu J, Lu S, Chen Y, Zhang Y. Differential proteomics mass spectrometry of melanosis coli. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:3133-3148. [PMID: 32774690 PMCID: PMC7407713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to reveal the biological relevancy between melanosis coli (MC) with colon cancer by analyzing the proteomics differences of tissues of melanosis coli, colon cancer, and normal ones to probe into the causes and development mechanisms of MC from the perspective of biomolecules. Fourteen differential protein spots were found in the study after using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and bio-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS). Specifically, six and eight differential protein spots in the melanosis coli tissues were detected, respectively, compared with the normal tissues and colon cancer tissues. Eight kinds of proteins, including keratin 8 (KRT8), keratin 18 (KRT18), fibrinogen beta chain isoform 2 preproprotein (FGB), catalase (CAT), 26s protease regulatory subunit 10b (PSMC6), isoform 1 of tropomyosin alpha-4 chain (TPM4), carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1), isoform of prelammin-A/C (LMNA), were retrieved through the mass spectral database, which could be deemed as associated proteins of MC and colon cancer. The different expressions in the disease tissues indicate that these proteins may be connected with the carcinogenesis of MC as well as the malignant proliferation, development, differentiation, and diffusion of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Yuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Jinjin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Shenao Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003, Henan, China
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and TechnologyLuoyang 471003, Henan, China
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Zhou Z, Tang Q, Chen X, Yu T, Huang W, Liang F. The association between the socioeconomic status and systemic comorbidities in patients with oral cancers: a retrospective study in Guangxi Province. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 25:1085-1097. [PMID: 32572641 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03405-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether and how the prevalence of systemic comorbidities in oral cancer patients would change with socioeconomic development. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective study of association between socioeconomy and prevalence of systemic comorbidities in oral cancer patients from 2003 to 2017 was performed in Guangxi Province, a southwestern part of China. According to the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) classification, 2814 patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lip, oral cavity, and oropharynx and 423 patients with ameloblastoma were collected and assigned to the oral cancer group and control group, respectively. Then, comparisons between the socioeconomy and healthcare expenditure in Guangxi Province, the whole China, and the USA were carried out. RESULTS The prevalence of systemic comorbidities in oral cancer patients increased from 0.820% in 2003 to 32.302% in 2017, which was significantly higher than that in non-cancer patients(P < 0.001) and was positively correlated with the increase in gross regional product (GRP) (r = 0.911, P < 0.001) and per capita GRP (r = 0.910, P < 0.001) of Guangxi Province. In addition, the prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has the largest correlation coefficient with GRP(r = 0.957, P < 0.001) and per capita GRP(r = 0.959, P < 0.001). And the prevalence of endocrine diseases increased by 13.402% and exhibited the most significant increase in 15 years. The per capita health care expenditure of Guangxi Province and whole China was nearly equal (P = 0.353). Although the health care expenditure of Guangxi Province had been increasing year by year, its proportion in GRP remains far below that of the USA. CONCLUSIONS With socioeconomic growth, oral cancer patients in Guangxi Province are more common to comorbid with systemic diseases. Cardiovascular and endocrine diseases may be the most susceptible systemic comorbidities in oral cancer patients to the socioeconomic status. In order to control the prevalence of systemic diseases, the government of Guangxi Province may need to expend more budgets in the health care. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Clinicians need to pay more attention to the detection of systemic comorbidities and the concept of multidisciplinary collaboration. Instructing oral cancer patients to treat and control systemic comorbidities is also an indispensable part in the treatment of oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoqian Zhou
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Qinchao Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Xueru Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Wanqian Huang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Feixin Liang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College and Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
- Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, 530021, Guangxi, China.
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Melanosis coli: A comprehensive review. GASTROENTEROLOGIA Y HEPATOLOGIA 2020; 43:266-272. [PMID: 32094046 DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Melanosis coli (MC) is a common condition characterized by a black or brown pigment deposited in the colorectal mucosa. It is a reversible condition that is influenced by many factors, such as living habits and bowel function. However, the epidemiology and etiology of MC are still unclear. Most studies show that there is a significant correlation between the use of anthraquinone laxatives and the occurrence of MC. At present, the mechanism of the apoptosis theory is widely recognized as regards the pathogenesis of MC. There is no specific clinical manifestation of MC, and its diagnosis is mainly based on a complimentary examination, such as endoscopic and histopathological tests. General treatment, such as changing living habits, is preferred, and medical or surgical treatment should not be considered in the absence of serious malignancy. The aim of this review is to systematically present and outline the concepts of the epidemiology, etiology, histopathology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of MC, in order to improve the understanding of this condition.
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Retrospective study on melanosis coli as risk factor of colorectal neoplasm: a 3-year colonoscopic finding in Zhuhai Hospital, China. Int J Colorectal Dis 2020; 35:213-222. [PMID: 31823053 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-019-03435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanosis coli (MC) is a colonoscopic finding in which the colonic mucosa appears darkly pigmented than usual and generally caused by extended anthranoid laxative use. METHODS We performed a retrospective study at Zhuhai Hospital to investigate the risk of MC for CR neoplasm development. A total of 12,776 patients who underwent colonoscopy from 2013 to 2016 including 250 diagnosed with MC and 500 controls were included in this study. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for associations of MC with CR neoplasm detection were estimated using univariate and multivariable multinomial logistic analyses for known risk factors. RESULTS The presence of MC was associated with a significant increase in the CR neoplasm detection rate compared with controls (OR = 1.701, 95% CI = 1.252-2.31; P = 0.001). The effect was also observed in different tumor sites, age group, gender, and lifestyle. Using univariate multinomial analysis, patients with MC were significantly associated with both hyperplastic polyp (OR = 2.069, 95% CI = 1.253-3.415; P = 0.005) and low-grade (LG) adenoma (OR = 1.585, 95% CI = 1.115-2.254; P = 0.010). However, there was no significant difference with adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.701, 95% CI = 0.990-2.924; P = 0.055). Using multivariate multinomial analysis, MC patients remained associated with increased hyperplastic polyp (OR = 1.870, 95% CI = 1.119-3.125; P = 0.017) and LG adenoma (OR = 1.474, 95% CI = 1.027-2.114; P = 0.035), but not adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.620, 95% CI = 0.914-2.871; P = 0.098). A significant increase in CR neoplasm rate was observed with drinker, smoker, and elderly patients but not with gender. CONCLUSION Patients with MC were more likely to have both hyperplastic polyp and LG adenoma. If confirmed, such findings could suggest the discontinuation of anthranoid laxative use particularly in the elderly.
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Quantitative Analysis of Melanosis Coli Colonic Mucosa Using Textural Patterns. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10010404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Melanosis coli (MC) is a disease related to long-term use of anthranoid laxative agents. Patients with clinical constipation or obesity are more likely to use these drugs for long periods. Moreover, patients with MC are more likely to develop polyps, particularly adenomatous polyps. Adenomatous polyps can transform to colorectal cancer. Recognizing multiple polyps from MC is challenging due to their heterogeneity. Therefore, this study proposed a quantitative assessment of MC colonic mucosa with texture patterns. In total, the MC colonoscopy images of 1092 person-times were included in this study. At the beginning, the correlations among carcinoembryonic antigens, polyp texture, and pathology were analyzed. Then, 181 patients with MC were extracted for further analysis while patients having unclear images were excluded. By gray-level co-occurrence matrix, texture patterns in the colorectal images were extracted. Pearson correlation analysis indicated five texture features were significantly correlated with pathological results (p < 0.001). This result should be used in the future to design an instant help software to help the physician. The information of colonoscopy and image analystic data can provide clinicians with suggestions for assessing patients with MC.
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Identification of candidate biomarkers associated with apoptosis in melanosis coli: GNG5, LPAR3, MAPK8, and PSMC6. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181369. [PMID: 30559147 PMCID: PMC6340944 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Melanosis coli (MC) is a disorder of pigmentation of the wall of the colon, often identified at the time of colonoscopy. The aim of the present study is to identify candidate biomarkers for MC. Methods: The transcriptome data for MC (GSE78933) with five MC tissues and five corresponding normal tissues is obtained from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. R/Bioconductor package limma was used to screen differently expressed genes (DEGs). ClueGO of cytoscape was applied for Gene Ontology (GO) functional and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment. Based on STRING V10 database, protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed. The pathological tissue and normal tissue from 23 MC patients and 23 controls were collected, respectively. The relative expression of hub nodes was detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot. For regulating the expression of these genes, overexpression vector was constructed or siRNA transfection was used. Finally, apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry. Results: Total 1342 DEGs were screened, including 786 up-regulated and 556 down-regulated genes. These genes were mainly enriched in stimulatory C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway, polysaccharide biosynthetic process, intracellular, and oxidative phosphorylation. PPI network was then constructed with 426 DEGs and 895 interactions. Thereinto, G-protein subunit γ 5 (GNG5), lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3 (LPAR3), mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8), NHP2L1, proteasome 26S subunit, ATPase 6 (PSMC6), and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit β (PIK3CB) were hub nodes with higher degree. RT-PCR and Western blot results showed that GNG5, LPAR3, MAPK8, and PSMC6 were differently expressed with significance. The expression of these screened genes is also related with cell apoptosis. Conclusion: GNG5, LPAR3, MAPK8, and PSMC6 might be candidate biomarkers associated with apoptosis in MC.
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