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Shyamalagowri S, Bhavithra HA, Akila N, Jeyaraj SSG, Aravind J, Kamaraj M, Pandiaraj S. Carbon-based adsorbents for the mitigation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon: a review of recent research. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:108. [PMID: 38453774 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01915-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) poses significant dangers to the environment and human health. The advancement of technology for cleaning up PAH-contaminated environments is receiving more attention. Adsorption is the preferred and most favorable approach for cleaning up sediments polluted with PAH. Due to their affordability and environmental friendliness, carbonaceous adsorbents (CAs) have been regarded as promising for adsorbing PAH. However, adsorbent qualities, environmental features, and factors may all significantly impact how well CAs remove PAH. According to growing data, CAs, most of which come from laboratory tests, may be utilized to decontaminate PAH in aquatic setups. However, their full potential has not yet been established, especially concerning field applications. This review aims to concisely summarize recent developments in CA, PAH stabilization processes, and essential field application-controlling variables. This review analysis emphasizes activated carbon, biochar, Graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon-nanomaterials composite since these CAs are most often utilized as adsorbents for PAH in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shyamalagowri
- PG and Research Department of Botany, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600030, India
| | - H A Bhavithra
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology-Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600089, India
| | - N Akila
- PG and Research Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600030, India
| | | | - J Aravind
- Department of Biotechnology, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India.
| | - M Kamaraj
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology-Ramapuram, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 600089, India.
- Life Science Division, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, 71800, Nilai, Malaysia.
| | - Saravanan Pandiaraj
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Askeland M, Clarke B, Paz-Ferreiro J. Comparative characterization of biochars produced at three selected pyrolysis temperatures from common woody and herbaceous waste streams. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6784. [PMID: 31024777 PMCID: PMC6472468 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biochar, the product of biomass pyrolysis, has been explored as a soil amendment and carbon capture vessel. Recent literature has aligned biochar as a novel sorbent for a host of environmental contaminants. Through the variation of pyrolysis conditions, biochars can be engineered to have qualities desirable in sorbents whilst maintaining their agronomic benefits. This study focuses on identifying the effects that feedstock type and process temperature have on biochar characteristics which may in turn shed light on their potential environmental applications. Using this approach, six biochars were created from two waste biomasses. The biochars exhibited wide ranges of pH (5.6–11.1), surface area (16.2–397.4 m2/g), electrical conductivity (19–2,826 µS/cm), fixed carbon (72–97%), heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Statistically significant trends (P < 0.05) in biochar characteristics dependent upon increasing pyrolysis temperature and feedstock type were identified. Arsenic (>13 mg/kg), chromium (>93 mg/kg), copper (>143 mg/kg) and PAH (>6 mg/kg) concentrations presented themselves as obstacles to land application in a small number of biochars with respects to International Biochar Initiative (IBI) guidelines. However, it was demonstrated that these could be eliminated through employing pyrolysis processes which encompass higher temperatures (>500 °C) and ensuring the use of contaminant-free feedstocks. The variation in surface areas, carbonized fractions and surface functional groups achieved suggest that using the correct feedstock and process, biochar could be produced in Victoria (Australia) from common organic waste streams to the ends of acting as a sorbent, soil enhancer, and a waste management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bradley Clarke
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
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