1
|
Sullivan LL, Shaw AK. Take me for a ride: Herbivores can facilitate plant reinvasions. Ecology 2023; 104:e4132. [PMID: 37376749 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Herbivores shape plant invasions through impacts on demography and dispersal, yet only demographic mechanisms are well understood. Although herbivores negatively impact demography by definition, they can affect dispersal either negatively (e.g., seed consumption), or positively (e.g., caching). Exploring the nuances of how herbivores influence spatial spread will improve the forecasting of plant movement on the landscape. Here, we aim to understand how herbivores impact how fast plant populations spread through varying impacts on plant demography and dispersal. We strive to determine whether, and under what conditions, we see net positive effects of herbivores, in order to find scenarios where herbivores can help to promote spread. We draw on classic invasion theory to develop a stage-structured integrodifference equation model that incorporates herbivore impacts on plant demography and dispersal. We simulate seven herbivore "syndromes" (combinations of demographic and/or dispersal effects) drawn from the literature to understand how increasing herbivore pressure alters plant spreading speed. We find that herbivores with solely negative effects on plant demography or dispersal always slow plant spreading speed, and that the speed slows monotonically as herbivore pressure increases. However, we also find that plant spreading speed can be hump shaped with respect to herbivore pressure: plants spread faster in the presence of herbivores (for low herbivore pressure) and then slower (for high herbivore pressure). This result is robust, occurring across all syndromes in which herbivores have a positive effect on plant dispersal, and is a sign that the positive effects of herbivores on dispersal can outweigh their negative effects on demography. For all syndromes we find that sufficiently high herbivore pressure results in population collapse. Thus, our findings show that herbivores can speed up or slow down plant spread. These insights allow for a greater understanding of how to slow invasions, facilitate native species recolonization, and shape range shifts with global change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren L Sullivan
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- W. K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan, USA
- Ecology, Evolution and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Allison K Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Van den Broeck L, Spurney RJ, Fisher AP, Schwartz M, Clark NM, Nguyen TT, Madison I, Gobble M, Long T, Sozzani R. A hybrid model connecting regulatory interactions with stem cell divisions in the root. QUANTITATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 2:e2. [PMID: 37077208 PMCID: PMC10095808 DOI: 10.1017/qpb.2021.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells give rise to the entirety of cells within an organ. Maintaining stem cell identity and coordinately regulating stem cell divisions is crucial for proper development. In plants, mobile proteins, such as WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX 5 (WOX5) and SHORTROOT (SHR), regulate divisions in the root stem cell niche. However, how these proteins coordinately function to establish systemic behaviour is not well understood. We propose a non-cell autonomous role for WOX5 in the cortex endodermis initial (CEI) and identify a regulator, ANGUSTIFOLIA (AN3)/GRF-INTERACTING FACTOR 1, that coordinates CEI divisions. Here, we show with a multi-scale hybrid model integrating ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and agent-based modeling that quiescent center (QC) and CEI divisions have different dynamics. Specifically, by combining continuous models to describe regulatory networks and agent-based rules, we model systemic behaviour, which led us to predict cell-type-specific expression dynamics of SHR, SCARECROW, WOX5, AN3 and CYCLIND6;1, and experimentally validate CEI cell divisions. Conclusively, our results show an interdependency between CEI and QC divisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Van den Broeck
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ryan J. Spurney
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Adam P. Fisher
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Schwartz
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Natalie M. Clark
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, Iowa 50010, USA
| | - Thomas T. Nguyen
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Imani Madison
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mariah Gobble
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Terri Long
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rosangela Sozzani
- Plant and Microbial Biology Department, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zakharova L, Meyer K, Seifan M. Combining trait- and individual-based modelling to understand desert plant community dynamics. Ecol Modell 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
4
|
Schopt Rehage J, Lopez LK, Sih A. A comparison of the establishment success, response to competition, and community impact of invasive and non-invasive Gambusia species. Biol Invasions 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-019-02113-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
5
|
Zakharova L, Meyer K, Seifan M. Trait-based modelling in ecology: A review of two decades of research. Ecol Modell 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|