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Zi H, Jing X, Liu A, Fan X, Chen S, Wang H, He J. Simulated climate warming decreases fruit number but increases seed mass. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:841-855. [PMID: 36272096 PMCID: PMC10099976 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate warming is changing plant sexual reproduction, having consequences for species distribution and community dynamics. However, the magnitude and direction of plant reproductive efforts (e.g., number of flowers) and success (e.g., number and mass of fruits or seeds) in response to warming have not been well-characterized. Here, we generated a global dataset of simulated warming experiments, consisting of 477 pairwise comparisons for 164 terrestrial species. We found evidence that warming overall decreased fruit number and increased seed mass, but little evidence that warming influenced flower number, fruit mass, or seed number. The warming effects on seed mass were regulated by the pollination type, and insect-pollinated plants exhibited a stronger response to warming than wind-pollinated plants. We found strong evidence that warming increased the mass of seeds for the nondominant species but no evidence of this for the dominant species. There was no evidence that phylogenetic relatedness explained the effects of warming on plant reproductive effort and success. In addition, the effects of warming on flowering onset negatively related to the responses in terms of the number of fruits and seeds to warming, revealing a cascading effect of plant reproductive development. These findings provide the first quantification of the response of terrestrial plant sexual reproduction to warming and suggest that plants may increase their fitness by producing heavier seeds under a warming climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbiao Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Xin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Anrong Liu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaomin Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Si‐Chong Chen
- Wuhan Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesWuhanChina
- Royal Botanic Gardens KewWellcome Trust Millennium BuildingWakehurstUK
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsCollege of Ecology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
| | - Jin‐Sheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro‐EcosystemsCollege of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou UniversityLanzhouChina
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking UniversityBeijingChina
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Pyles MV, Magnago LFS, Maia VA, Pinho BX, Pitta G, de Gasper AL, Vibrans AC, dos Santos RM, van den Berg E, Lima RAF. Human impacts as the main driver of tropical forest carbon. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl7968. [PMID: 35714191 PMCID: PMC9205592 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl7968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms controlling forest carbon storage is crucial to support "nature-based" solutions for climate change mitigation. We used a dataset of 892 Atlantic Forest inventories to assess the direct and indirect effects of environmental conditions, human impacts, tree community proprieties, and sampling methods on tree above-ground carbon stocks. We showed that the widely accepted drivers of carbon stocks, such as climate, soil, topography, and forest fragmentation, have a much smaller role than the forest disturbance history and functional proprieties of the Atlantic Forest. Specifically, within-forest disturbance level was the most important driver, with effect at least 30% higher than any of the environmental conditions individually. Thus, our findings suggest that the conservation of tropical carbon stocks may be dependable on, principally, avoiding forest degradation and that conservation policies focusing only on carbon may fail to protect tropical biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Venelli Pyles
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, 100, Kennedy, Lavras-MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Silva Magnago
- Centro de Formação em Ciências Agroflorestais, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia (UFSB), Campus Jorge Amado, Rodovia Ilhéus/Itabuna, Km 22, Ilhéus-BA, 45604-811, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Andrade Maia
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, Lavras-MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno X. Pinho
- Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Av. Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, Recife-PE, Brazil
- AMAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAe, CIRAD, CNRS, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Gregory Pitta
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 321, 05508-090, São Paulo‑SP, Brazil
| | - André L. de Gasper
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua Antônio da Veiga, 140, 89030-903, Blumenau-SC, Brazil
| | - Alexander C. Vibrans
- Departamento de Engenharia Florestal, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Rua São Paulo, 3250, 89030-000, Blumenau-SC, Brazil
| | - Rubens Manoel dos Santos
- Departamento de Ciências Florestais, Universidade Federal de Lavras, P.O. Box 3037, Lavras-MG, 37200-900, Brazil
| | - Eduardo van den Berg
- Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Av. Doutor Sylvio Menicucci, 100, Kennedy, Lavras-MG, 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Renato A. F. Lima
- Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, 321, 05508-090, São Paulo‑SP, Brazil
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