1
|
Xu J, Wang R, Zhang X, Zhuang W, Zhang Y, Lin J, Zhan P, Chen S, Lu H, Wang A, Liao C. Identification and expression profiling of GAPDH family genes involved in response to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection and phytohormones in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1360024. [PMID: 38745922 PMCID: PMC11091349 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1360024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a crucial enzyme in glycolysis, an essential metabolic pathway for carbohydrate metabolism across all living organisms. Recent research indicates that phosphorylating GAPDH exhibits various moonlighting functions, contributing to plant growth and development, autophagy, drought tolerance, salt tolerance, and bacterial/viral diseases resistance. However, in rapeseed (Brassica napus), the role of GAPDHs in plant immune responses to fungal pathogens remains unexplored. In this study, 28 genes encoding GAPDH proteins were revealed in B. napus and classified into three distinct subclasses based on their protein structural and phylogenetic relationships. Whole-genome duplication plays a major role in the evolution of BnaGAPDHs. Synteny analyses revealed orthologous relationships, identifying 23, 26, and 26 BnaGAPDH genes with counterparts in Arabidopsis, Brassica rapa, and Brassica oleracea, respectively. The promoter regions of 12 BnaGAPDHs uncovered a spectrum of responsive elements to biotic and abiotic stresses, indicating their crucial role in plant stress resistance. Transcriptome analysis characterized the expression profiles of different BnaGAPDH genes during Sclerotinia sclerotiorum infection and hormonal treatment. Notably, BnaGAPDH17, BnaGAPDH20, BnaGAPDH21, and BnaGAPDH22 exhibited sensitivity to S. sclerotiorum infection, oxalic acid, hormone signals. Intriguingly, under standard physiological conditions, BnaGAPDH17, BnaGAPDH20, and BnaGAPDH22 are primarily localized in the cytoplasm and plasma membrane, with BnaGAPDH21 also detectable in the nucleus. Furthermore, the nuclear translocation of BnaGAPDH20 was observed under H2O2 treatment and S. sclerotiorum infection. These findings might provide a theoretical foundation for elucidating the functions of phosphorylating GAPDH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Institute of Crop Research, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Fujian Germplasm Resources Center)/Fujian Province Characteristic Dry Crop Variety Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Fuzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Rongbo Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the PRC, Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Zhuang
- Institute of Crop Research, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Fujian Germplasm Resources Center)/Fujian Province Characteristic Dry Crop Variety Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Institute of Crop Research, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Fujian Germplasm Resources Center)/Fujian Province Characteristic Dry Crop Variety Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianxin Lin
- Institute of Crop Research, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Fujian Germplasm Resources Center)/Fujian Province Characteristic Dry Crop Variety Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Penglin Zhan
- Institute of Crop Research, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Fujian Germplasm Resources Center)/Fujian Province Characteristic Dry Crop Variety Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shanhu Chen
- Institute of Crop Research, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Fujian Germplasm Resources Center)/Fujian Province Characteristic Dry Crop Variety Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Heding Lu
- Institute of Crop Research, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Fujian Germplasm Resources Center)/Fujian Province Characteristic Dry Crop Variety Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Fuzhou, China
| | - Airong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Changjian Liao
- Institute of Crop Research, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences (Fujian Germplasm Resources Center)/Fujian Province Characteristic Dry Crop Variety Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Geng S, Li S, Zhao J, Gao W, Chen Q, Zheng K, Wang Y, Jiao Y, Long Y, Liu P, Qu Y, Chen Q. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Gh_GAPDH9 is associated with drought resistance in Gossypium hirsutum. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16445. [PMID: 38025668 PMCID: PMC10676720 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is the central enzyme of glycolysis and plays important regulatory roles in plant growth and development and responses to adverse stress conditions. However, studies on the characteristics and functions of cotton GAPDH family genes are still lacking. Methods In this study, genome-wide identification of the cotton GAPDH gene family was performed, and the phylogeny, gene structures, promoter progenitors and expression profiles of upland cotton GAPDH gene family members were explored by bioinformatics analysis to highlight potential functions. The functions of GhGAPDH9 in response to drought stress were initially validated based on RNA-seq, qRT‒PCR, VIGS techniques and overexpression laying a foundation for further studies on the functions of GAPDH genes. Results This study is the first systematic analysis of the cotton GAPDH gene family, which contains a total of 84 GAPDH genes, among which upland cotton contains 27 members. Quantitative, phylogenetic and covariance analyses of the genes revealed that the GAPDH gene family has been conserved during the evolution of cotton. Promoter analysis revealed that most cis-acting elements were related to MeJA and ABA. Based on the identified promoter cis-acting elements and RNA-seq data, it was hypothesized that Gh_GAPDH9, Gh_GAPDH11, Gh_GAPDH19 and Gh_GAPDH21 are involved in the response of cotton to abiotic stress. The expression levels of the Gh_GAPDH9 gene in two drought-resistant and two drought-sensitive materials were analyzed by qRT‒PCR and found to be high early in the treatment period in the drought-resistant material. The silencing of Gh_GAPDH9 based on virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology resulted in significant leaf wilting or whole-plant dieback in silenced plants after drought stress compared to the control. The content of-malondialdehyde (MDA) in cotton leaves was significantly increased, and the content of proline (Pro) and chlorophyll (Chl) was reduced. In addition, the leaf wilting and dryness of transgenic lines under drought stress were lower than those of wild-type Arabidopsis, indicating that Gh_GAPDH9 is a positive regulator of drought resistance. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that GAPDH genes play an important role in the response of cotton to abiotic stresses and provide preliminary validation of the function of the Gh_GAPDH9 gene under drought stress. These findings provide an important theoretical basis for further studies on the function of the Gh_GAPDH9 gene and the molecular mechanism of the drought response in cotton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Geng
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shengmei Li
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jieyin Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wenju Gao
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qin Chen
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Kai Zheng
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yilei Long
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yanying Qu
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| | - Quanjia Chen
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shi J, Gong Y, Shi H, Ma X, Zhu Y, Yang F, Wang D, Fu Y, Lin Y, Yang N, Yang Z, Zeng C, Li W, Zhou C, Wang X, Qiao Y. ' Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' secretory protein SDE3 inhibits host autophagy to promote Huanglongbing disease in citrus. Autophagy 2023; 19:2558-2574. [PMID: 37249424 PMCID: PMC10392736 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2213040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial acroautophagy/autophagy plays a vital role in degrading intracellular pathogens or microbial molecules in host-microbe interactions. However, microbes evolved various mechanisms to hijack or modulate autophagy to escape elimination. Vector-transmitted phloem-limited bacteria, Candidatus Liberibacter (Ca. Liberibacter) species, cause Huanglongbing (HLB), one of the most catastrophic citrus diseases worldwide, yet contributions of autophagy to HLB disease proliferation remain poorly defined. Here, we report the identification of a virulence effector in "Ca. Liberibacter asiaticus" (Las), SDE3, which is highly conserved among the "Ca. Liberibacter". SDE3 expression not only promotes the disease development of HLB and canker in sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) plants but also facilitates Phytophthora and viral infections in Arabidopsis, and Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana). SDE3 directly associates with citrus cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (CsGAPCs), which negatively regulates plant immunity. Overexpression of CsGAPCs and SDE3 significantly inhibits autophagy in citrus, Arabidopsis, and N. benthamiana. Intriguingly, SDE3 undermines autophagy-mediated immunity by the specific degradation of CsATG8 family proteins in a CsGAPC1-dependent manner. CsATG8 degradation is largely rescued by treatment with an inhibitor of the late autophagic pathway, E64d. Furthermore, ectopic expression of CsATG8s enhances Phytophthora resistance. Collectively, these results suggest that SDE3-CsGAPC interactions modulate CsATG8-mediated autophagy to enhance Las progression in citrus.Abbreviations: ACP: asian citrus psyllid; ACD2: ACCELERATED CELL DEATH 2; ATG: autophagy related; Ca. Liberibacter: Candidatus Liberibacter; CaMV: cauliflower mosaic virus; CMV: cucumber mosaic virus; Cs: Citrus sinensis; EV: empty vector; GAPC: cytosolic glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; HLB: huanglongbing; H2O2: hydrogen peroxide; Las: liberibacter asiaticus; Laf: liberibacter africanus; Lam: liberibacter americanus; Pst: Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato; PVX: potato virus X; ROS: reactive oxygen species; SDE3: sec-delivered effector 3; TEM: transmission electron microscopy; VIVE : virus-induced virulence effector; WT: wild-type; Xcc: Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinan Gong
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongwei Shi
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoding Ma
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanhong Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yating Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Lin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Naiying Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhuhui Yang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunhua Zeng
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weimin Li
- Key Laboratory for Northern Urban Agriculture of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Changyong Zhou
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wang
- National Citrus Engineering Research Center, Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongli Qiao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhao X, Wang J, Xia N, Qu Y, Zhan Y, Teng W, Li H, Li W, Li Y, Zhao X, Han Y. Genome-wide identification and analysis of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase family reveals the role of GmGAPDH14 to improve salt tolerance in soybean ( Glycine max L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1193044. [PMID: 37346126 PMCID: PMC10281054 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1193044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is an essential key enzyme in the glycolytic pathway and plays an important role in stress responses. Although GAPDH family genes have been found in different plant species, the determination of their gene family analysis and their functional roles in soybean are still unknown. Methods In this study, gene sequence and expression data were obtained using online tools, and systematic evolution, expression profile analysis, and qRT-PCR analysis were conducted. Results and Discussion Here a total of 16 GmGAPDH genes were identified on nine chromosomes, which were classified into three clusters. Additionally, all GmGAPDH genes harbor two highly conserved domains, including Gp_dh_N (PF00044) and Gp_dh_C (PF02800). The qRTPCR analysis also showed that most GmGAPDH genes significantly responded to multiple abiotic stresses, including NaHCO3, polyethylene glycol, cold, and salt. Among them, GmGAPDH14 was extraordinarily induced by salt stress. The GmGAPDH14 gene was cloned and overexpressed through soybean hair roots. The overexpressed transgenic soybean plants of the GmGAPDH14 gene have also shown better growth than that of control plants. Moreover, the overexpressed transgenic plants of GmGAPDH14 gene had higher activities of superoxide dismutase but lower malonaldehyde (MDA) content than those of control plants under salt stress. Meanwhile, a total of four haplotypes were found for the GmGAPDH14 gene, and haplotypes 2, 3, and 4 were beneficial for the tolerance of soybean to salt stress. These results suggest that the GmGAPDH14 gene might be involved in the process of soybean tolerance to salt stress. The results of this study will be valuable in understanding the role of GAPDH genes in the abiotic stress response of soybean.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yongguang Li
- *Correspondence: Yongguang Li, ; Xue Zhao, ; Yingpeng Han,
| | - Xue Zhao
- *Correspondence: Yongguang Li, ; Xue Zhao, ; Yingpeng Han,
| | - Yingpeng Han
- *Correspondence: Yongguang Li, ; Xue Zhao, ; Yingpeng Han,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei H, Movahedi A, Yang J, Zhang Y, Liu G, Zhu S, Yu C, Chen Y, Zhong F, Zhang J. Characteristics and molecular identification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases in poplar. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 219:185-198. [PMID: 35932802 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), an essential enzyme of the glycolysis metabolic pathway, plays a vital role in carbon metabolism, plant development, and stress resistance. As a kind of woody plant, poplars are widely cultivated for afforestation. Although the whole genome data of poplars have been published, little information is known about the GAPDH family of genes in poplar. This study performed a genome-wide identification of the poplar GAPDH family, and 13 determined PtGAPDH genes were identified from poplar genome. Phylogenetic tree showed that the PtGAPDH members were divided into PtGAPA/B, PtGAPC, PtGAPCp, and PtGAPN groups. A total of 13 PtGAPDH genes were distributed on eight chromosomes, 13 gene pairs belonging to segmented replication events were detected in poplar, and 23 collinearity gene pairs were determined between poplar and willow. The PtGAPDHcis-acting elements associated with growth and development as well as stress resistance revealed that PtGAPDHs might be involved in these processes. The phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and triose-phosphate isomerase (TPI) were predicted as the putative interaction proteins of PtGAPDHs. Gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that PtGAPDHs play a crucial role in the oxidation and reduction processes. PtGAPDH expression levels were induced by NaCl and PEG treatments, which implied that PtGAPDHs might be involved in stress response. Overexpression of PtGAPC1 significantly changed the contents of lipid and carbohydrate metabolites, which indicated that PtGAPC1 plays an essential role in metabolic regulation. This study highlights the characterizations and profiles of PtGAPDHs and reveals that PtGAPC1 is involved in the loop of lipid and carbohydrate metabolisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ali Movahedi
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; College of Arts and Sciences, Arlington International University, Wilmington, DE 19804, USA.
| | - Jie Yang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Sheng Zhu
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Key Laboratory of Forest Genetics & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Chunmei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Fei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Safder I, Shao G, Sheng Z, Hu P, Tang S. Genome-wide identification studies - A primer to explore new genes in plant species. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2022; 24:9-22. [PMID: 34558163 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Genome data have accumulated rapidly in recent years, doubling roughly after every 6 months due to the influx of next-generation sequencing technologies. A plethora of plant genomes are available in comprehensive public databases. This easy access to data provides an opportunity to explore genome datasets and recruit new genes in various plant species not possible a decade ago. In the past few years, many gene families have been published using these public datasets. These genome-wide studies identify and characterize gene members, gene structures, evolutionary relationships, expression patterns, protein interactions and gene ontologies, and predict putative gene functions using various computational tools. Such studies provide meaningful information and an initial framework for further functional elucidation. This review provides a concise layout of approaches used in these gene family studies and demonstrates an outline for employing various plant genome datasets in future studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Safder
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - G Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Z Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - P Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - S Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Analysis of SI-Related BoGAPDH Family Genes and Response of BoGAPC to SI Signal in Brassica oleracea L. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12111719. [PMID: 34828325 PMCID: PMC8618600 DOI: 10.3390/genes12111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is not only involved in carbohydrate metabolism, but also plays an important role in stress resistance. However, it has not been reported in Brassica oleracea. In this study, we performed a genome-wide identification of BoGAPDH in B. oleracea and performed cloning and expression analysis of one of the differentially expressed genes, BoGAPC. A total of 16 members of the BoGAPDH family were identified in B. oleracea, which were conserved, distributed unevenly on chromosomes and had tandem repeat genes. Most of the genes were down-regulated during self-pollination, and the highest expression was found in stigmas and sepals. Different transcriptome data showed that BoGAPDH genes were differentially expressed under stress, which was consistent with the results of qRT-PCR. We cloned and analyzed the differentially expressed gene BoGAPC and found that it was in the down-regulated mode 1 h after self-pollination, and the expression was the highest in the stigma, which was consistent with the result of GUS staining. The promoter region of the gene not only has stress response elements and plant hormone response elements, but also has a variety of specific elements for regulating floral organ development. Subcellular localization indicates that the BoGAPC protein is located in the cytoplasm and belongs to the active protein in the cytoplasm. The results of prokaryotic expression showed that the size of the BoGAPC protein was about 37 kDa, which was consistent with the expected results, indicating that the protein was induced in prokaryotic cells. The results of yeast two-hybrid and GST pull-down showed that the SRK kinase domain interacted with the BoGAPC protein. The above results suggest that the BoGAPDH family of B. oleracea plays an important role in the process of plant stress resistance, and the BoGAPC gene may be involved in the process of self-incompatibility in B. oleracea, which may respond to SI by encoding proteins directly interacting with SRK.
Collapse
|
8
|
Corpas FJ, González-Gordo S, Palma JM. Nitric oxide and hydrogen sulfide modulate the NADPH-generating enzymatic system in higher plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:830-847. [PMID: 32945878 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are two key molecules in plant cells that participate, directly or indirectly, as regulators of protein functions through derived post-translational modifications, mainly tyrosine nitration, S-nitrosation, and persulfidation. These post-translational modifications allow the participation of both NO and H2S signal molecules in a wide range of cellular processes either physiological or under stressful circumstances. NADPH participates in cellular redox status and it is a key cofactor necessary for cell growth and development. It is involved in significant biochemical routes such as fatty acid, carotenoid and proline biosynthesis, and the shikimate pathway, as well as in cellular detoxification processes including the ascorbate-glutathione cycle, the NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase (NTR), or the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase. Plant cells have diverse mechanisms to generate NADPH by a group of NADP-dependent oxidoreductases including ferredoxin-NADP reductase (FNR), NADP-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (NADP-GAPDH), NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME), NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP-ICDH), and both enzymes of the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, designated as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH). These enzymes consist of different isozymes located in diverse subcellular compartments (chloroplasts, cytosol, mitochondria, and peroxisomes) which contribute to the NAPDH cellular pool. We provide a comprehensive overview of how post-translational modifications promoted by NO (tyrosine nitration and S-nitrosation), H2S (persulfidation), and glutathione (glutathionylation), affect the cellular redox status through regulation of the NADP-dependent dehydrogenases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Corpas
- Group of Antioxidant, Free Radical and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
| | - Salvador González-Gordo
- Group of Antioxidant, Free Radical and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
| | - José M Palma
- Group of Antioxidant, Free Radical and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, C/ Profesor Albareda, Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Qiu X, Xu Y, Xiong B, Dai L, Huang S, Dong T, Sun G, Liao L, Deng Q, Wang X, Zhu J, Wang Z. Effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate on the synthesis of endogenous jasmonates and the regulation of photosynthesis in citrus. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 170:398-414. [PMID: 32691420 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is an airborne signaling phytohormone that can induce changes in endogenous jasmonates (JAs) and cause photosynthetic responses. However, the response of these two aspects of citrus plants at different MeJA concentrations is still unclear. Four MeJA concentrations were used in two citrus varieties, Huangguogan (C. reticulata × C. sinensis) and Shiranuhi [C. reticulata × (C. reticulata × C. sinensis)], to investigate the effects of MeJA dose on the endogenous JAs pathway and photosynthetic capacity. We observed that MeJA acted in a dose-dependent manner, and its stimulation in citrus leaves showed a bidirectional character at different concentrations. This work demonstrates that MeJA at only a concentration of 2.2 mM or less contributed to the activation of magnesium protoporphyrin IX methyltransferase (ChlM, EC 2.1.1.11) and protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase (POR, EC 1.3.1.11) and the simultaneous accumulation of Chl a and Chl b, which in turn contributed to an improved photosynthetic capacity and PSII photochemistry efficiency of citrus. Meanwhile, the inhibition of endogenous JAs synthesis by exogenous MeJA was observed. This was achieved by reducing the ratio of monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) to diagalactosyl diacylglycerol (DGDG) and inhibiting the activities of key enzymes in JAs synthesis, especially 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid reductase (OPR, EC 1.3.1.42). Another noteworthy finding is that there may exist a JA-independent pathway that could regulate 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) synthesis. This study jointly analyzed the internal hormone regulation mechanism and the external physiological response, as well as revealed the effects of exogenous MeJA on promoting the photosynthesis and inhibiting the endogenous JAs synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xia Qiu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Yinghuan Xu
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Neusoft Institute Guangdong, Guangdong, 528225, China
| | - Bo Xiong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Lin Dai
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Shengjia Huang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Tiantian Dong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Guochao Sun
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Ling Liao
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Qunxian Deng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| | - Jin Zhu
- Sichuan Horticultural Crop Extension Station, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, China
| |
Collapse
|