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de Fátima Pereira Silva P, de Resende MLV, Reichel T, de Lima Santos M, Dos Santos Botelho DM, Ferreira EB, Freitas NC. Potassium Phosphite Activates Components Associated with Constitutive Defense Responses in Coffea arabica Cultivars. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1777-1795. [PMID: 36790658 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00683-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Phosphites have been used as inducers of resistance, activating the defense of plants and increasing its ability to respond to the invasion of the pathogen. However, the mode of action of phosphites in defense responses has not yet been fully elucidated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of potassium phosphite (KPhi) in coffee cultivars with different levels of resistance to rust to clarify the mechanism by which KPhi activates the constitutive defense of plants. To this end, we studied the expression of genes and the activity of enzymes involved in the defense pathway of salicylic acid (SA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), in addition to the levels of total soluble phenolic compounds and soluble lignin. Treatment with KPhi induced constitutive defense responses in cultivars resistant and susceptible to rust. The results suggest that KPhi acts in two parallel defense pathways, SA and ROS, which are essential for the induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) when activated simultaneously. The activation of the mechanisms associated with defense routes demonstrates that KPhi is a potential inducer of resistance in coffee plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla de Fátima Pereira Silva
- Department of Phytopathology, Federal University of Lavras, Trevo Rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Mário Lúcio Vilela de Resende
- Department of Phytopathology, Federal University of Lavras, Trevo Rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37203-202, Brazil.
| | - Tharyn Reichel
- Department of Phytopathology, Federal University of Lavras, Trevo Rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Mariana de Lima Santos
- Graduate Program in Plant Biotechnology, Federal University of Lavras, Trevo Rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Deila Magna Dos Santos Botelho
- Department of Phytopathology, Federal University of Lavras, Trevo Rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37203-202, Brazil
| | - Eric Batista Ferreira
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Alfenas, Rua Gabriel Monteiro da Silva, Centro, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, CEP 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Natália Chagas Freitas
- Department of Phytopathology, Federal University of Lavras, Trevo Rotatório Professor Edmir Sá Santos, Lavras, Minas Gerais, CEP 37203-202, Brazil
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Both Constitutive and Infection-Responsive Secondary Metabolites Linked to Resistance against Austropuccinia psidii (Myrtle Rust) in Melaleuca quinquenervia. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020383. [PMID: 35208838 PMCID: PMC8879604 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Austropuccinia psidii is a fungal plant pathogen that infects species within the Myrtaceae, causing the disease myrtle rust. Myrtle rust is causing declines in populations within natural and managed ecosystems and is expected to result in species extinctions. Despite this, variation in response to A. psidii exist within some species, from complete susceptibility to resistance that prevents or limits infection by the pathogen. Untargeted metabolomics using Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography with Ion Mobility followed by analysis using MetaboAnalyst 3.0, was used to explore the chemical defence profiles of resistant, hypersensitive and susceptible phenotypes within Melaleuca quinquenervia during the early stages of A. psidii infection. We were able to identify three separate pools of secondary metabolites: (i) metabolites classified structurally as flavonoids that were naturally higher in the leaves of resistant individuals prior to infection, (ii) organoheterocyclic and carbohydrate-related metabolites that varied with the level of host resistance post-infection, and (iii) metabolites from the terpenoid pathways that were responsive to disease progression regardless of resistance phenotype suggesting that these play a minimal role in disease resistance during the early stages of colonization of this species. Based on the classes of these secondary metabolites, our results provide an improved understanding of key pathways that could be linked more generally to rust resistance with particular application within Melaleuca.
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