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Xu YU, Zhan Z, Xu K. Studies on western Pacific gorgonians (Anthozoa: Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae). Part 1: a review of the genus Chrysogorgia, with description of a new genus and three new species. Zootaxa 2023; 5321:1-107. [PMID: 37518205 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5321.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Members of Chrysogorgia Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864, known as golden corals, are distributed in the deep sea worldwide. Based on specimens obtained from the tropical western Pacific and an integrated morphological-molecular approach, we established a new genus Parachrysogorgia, which includes 13 species separated from Chrysogorgia, and described nine species of Chrysogorgia including three new species C. arboriformis sp. nov., C. cylindrata sp. nov. and C. tenuis sp. nov., and two new combinations of Parachrysogorgia. The genus differs from Chrysogorgia by possessing a bare, sclerite-free area at the base of each tentacle and eight distinct projections beneath tentacles. Chrysogorgia cylindrata sp. nov. is distinguished by a slender bottlebrush-shaped colony in adults, elongate and lobed scales in coenenchyme, and warty and thick sclerites near the polyp mouth area. Chrysogorgia arboriformis sp. nov. is characterized by a tree-shaped colony with a long unbranched stem, slender and thin scales usually with large warts in coenenchyme. Chrysogorgia tenuis sp. nov. can be separated by a broad bottlebrush-shaped colony, long interbranch distance, elongate scales with broad lobes in polyp body wall. In contrast to the intraspecific variation of colony form, branch internodes, branching sequence and polyps, the sclerite forms and arrangement in different parts can be viewed as the most important character to separate Chrysogorgia species. For convenient identification, we divided the Chrysogorgia species into 12 morphological groups and divided Parachrysogorgia into three groups based on their sclerite forms and arrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y U Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266071; China.
| | - Zifeng Zhan
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266071; China.
| | - Kuidong Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny; Qingdao Key Laboratory of Marine Biodiversity and Conservation; Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology; Institute of Oceanology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Qingdao 266071; China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai); Zhuhai 519082; China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai); Zhuhai 519082; China.
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Dong D, Gan Z, Li X. Descriptions of eleven new species of squat lobsters (Crustacea: Anomura) from seamounts around the Yap and Mariana Trenches with notes on DNA barcodes and phylogeny. Zool J Linn Soc 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Seamounts are well known for the high biodiversity and endemism of their macrobenthic fauna. Hundreds of squat lobster species from seamount environments have been reported in recent years, but squat lobster fauna on the seamount groups around ocean trenches in the tropical West Pacific are still poorly known. In this paper, we describe 11 new species (two Munida, three Munidopsis, one Sternostylus, one Uroptychodes and four Uroptychus) based on specimens collected during expeditions to seamounts around the Yap Trench and Mariana Trench. Of these species, six belong to the superfamily Chirostyloidea and five belong to Galatheoidea. We also provide DNA barcode data for three genes to support the taxonomic status of these new species. The morphological variations, genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationships of these species are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dong
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy & Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhibin Gan
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy & Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinzheng Li
- Department of Marine Organism Taxonomy & Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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Xu Y, Zhan Z, Xu K. Morphology and phylogenetic analysis of five deep-sea golden gorgonians (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) in the Western Pacific Ocean, with the description of a new species. Zookeys 2020; 989:1-37. [PMID: 33223893 PMCID: PMC7669819 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.989.53104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Explorations of seamounts in the Western Pacific Ocean and South China Sea resulted in collecting 18 specimens of golden gorgonians. Based on the morphology and the genetic analysis of mtMutS, they are described as one new species, Chrysogorgiacarolinensissp. nov., and four known species, including Chrysogorgiadendritica Xu, Zhan & Xu, 2020, Metallogorgiamelanotrichos (Wright & Studer, 1889), Metallogorgiamacrospina Kükenthal, 1919, and Pseudochrysogorgiabellona Pante & France, 2010. Chrysogorgiacarolinensis belongs to the Chrysogorgia “group A, Spiculosae” with rods or spindles distributed in the polyp-body wall and tentacles, and differs from all of its congeners except C.dendritica by the 1/3L branching sequence and amoeba-shaped sclerites at the basal polyp body. The mtMutS sequence of C.carolinensissp. nov. has six deletion mutations compared to those of its congeners, supporting the establishment of the new species. Although no genetic variability was observed between the closely related species C.dendritica and C.abludo Pante & Watling, 2012, the former is different from the latter by the apparently irregular sclerites in the polyp body wall. The two specimens of Metallogorgiamelanotrichos match well with the original description except for relatively larger polyps, while the M.macrospina specimens have slightly smaller polyps than the holotype. The juvenile of Metallogorgia has an obvious morphological difference with the adults in the colony shape and branches, but they can be unified by the same polyps and sclerites as well as mitochondrial MutS sequences. Thus, the generic diagnosis of Metallogorgia is slightly extended to include the morphology of juveniles. The morphology of Pseudochrysogorgiabellona Pante & France, 2010, as a new record for the South China Sea, matches well with that of the original description. In the phylogenetic trees, the Chrysogorgia species are separated into two clades, and while Metallogorgia and Pseudochrysogorgia formed a sister clade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
| | - Zifeng Zhan
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Kuidong Xu
- Laboratory of Marine Organism Taxonomy and Phylogeny, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266237, China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology Qingdao China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences Qingdao China
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