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Marino A, Rodríguez V. Competitive exclusion and herbivore management in a context of livestock‐wildlife conflict. AUSTRAL ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.13210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marino
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC) Centro Nacional Patagónico‐Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Bvd. Brown Puerto Madryn CP U9120 ACD Argentina
| | - Victoria Rodríguez
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC) Centro Nacional Patagónico‐Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Bvd. Brown Puerto Madryn CP U9120 ACD Argentina
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Lancaster A, Corti P, Fernández T, Moraga CA, Radic‐Schilling S, Hardenberg A. Changes in foraging behaviour suggest competition between wild and domestic ungulates: Guanaco and domestic sheep in southern Patagonia. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Lancaster
- Conservation Biology Research Group Department of Biological Sciences University of Chester Chester UK
| | - P. Corti
- Laboratorio de Manejo y Conservación de Vida Silvestre Instituto de Ciencia Animal y Programa de Investigación Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - T. Fernández
- Laboratorio de Manejo y Conservación de Vida Silvestre Instituto de Ciencia Animal y Programa de Investigación Aplicada en Fauna Silvestre Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
- Programa de Magister en Ecología Aplicada Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Austral de Chile Valdivia Chile
| | - C. A. Moraga
- Centro de Estudios del Cuaternario de Fuego‐Patagonia y Antártica (Fundación CEQUA) Punta Arenas Chile
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation School of Natural Resources and the Environment University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - S. Radic‐Schilling
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Magallanes Punta Arenas Chile
| | - A. Hardenberg
- Conservation Biology Research Group Department of Biological Sciences University of Chester Chester UK
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Where are the males? The influence of bottom-up and top-down factors and sociability on the spatial distribution of a territorial ungulate. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-03104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Mesas A, Baldi R, González BA, Burgi V, Chávez A, Johnson WE, Marín JC. Past and Recent Effects of Livestock Activity on the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Native Guanaco Populations of Arid Patagonia. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11051218. [PMID: 33922526 PMCID: PMC8146674 DOI: 10.3390/ani11051218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Determining the impacts of human activities on natural populations is important for biodiversity conservation. In this paper, we study the past and more recent effects of urbanization and livestock activity on the genetic diversity and population structure of endemic guanaco populations of the arid Monte and Patagonian Steppe of central Argentina. Our results reveal that urbanization, the installation of fences, and the competition from sheep grazing coincided with the isolation of several guanaco populations, especially in areas with the highest intensity of livestock activity. However, our genetic analyses suggest that a more recent increase in connectivity among groups is occurring. Our results highlight the importance of implementing conservation management plans for natural populations in arid and human-intervened environments. Abstract Extensive livestock production and urbanization entail modifications of natural landscapes, including installation of fences, development of agriculture, urbanization of natural areas, and construction of roads and infrastructure that, together, impact native fauna. Here, we evaluate the diversity and genetic structure of endemic guanacos (Lama guanicoe) of the Monte and Patagonian Steppe of central Argentina, which have been reduced and displaced by sheep ranching and other impacts of human activities. Analyses of genetic variation of microsatellite loci and d-loop revealed high levels of genetic variation and latitudinal segregation of mitochondrial haplotypes. There were indications of at least two historical populations in the Monte and the Patagonian Steppe based on shared haplotypes and shared demographic history among localities. Currently, guanacos are structured into three groups that were probably reconnected relatively recently, possibly facilitated by a reduction of sheep and livestock in recent decades and a recovery of the guanaco populations. These results provide evidence of the genetic effects of livestock activity and urbanization on wild herbivore populations, which were possibly exacerbated by an arid environment with limited productive areas. The results highlight the importance of enacting conservation management plans to ensure the persistence of ancestral and ecologically functional populations of guanacos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Mesas
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bio-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (A.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Ricardo Baldi
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales, Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn U9120 ACD, Argentina; (R.B.); (V.B.)
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Buenos Aires C1426 AKC, Argentina
- South American Camelids Specialist Group, SSC, IUCN, Santiago 8330015, Chile;
| | - Benito A. González
- South American Camelids Specialist Group, SSC, IUCN, Santiago 8330015, Chile;
- Laboratorio de Ecología de Vida Silvestre, Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y de la Conservación de la Naturaleza, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8330015, Chile
| | - Virginia Burgi
- Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales, Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET, Puerto Madryn U9120 ACD, Argentina; (R.B.); (V.B.)
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Buenos Aires C1426 AKC, Argentina
- South American Camelids Specialist Group, SSC, IUCN, Santiago 8330015, Chile;
| | - Alexandra Chávez
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bio-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (A.M.); (A.C.)
| | - Warren E. Johnson
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, 1500 Remount Road, Front Royal, VA 22630, USA;
| | - Juan C. Marín
- Laboratorio de Genómica y Biodiversidad, Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad del Bio-Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile; (A.M.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Vilá B, Arzamendia Y. South American Camelids: their values and contributions to people. SUSTAINABILITY SCIENCE 2020; 17:707-724. [PMID: 33133295 PMCID: PMC7586864 DOI: 10.1007/s11625-020-00874-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
South American Camelids (SACs) make several material and non-material contributions to people and are a key component of the Andean biocultural heritage. From the perspective of the IPBES' Conceptual Framework, SACs constitute the "nature" component in the complex system of interactions between human societies and the Andean mountain environment. There are four SAC living species today, two of which are wild, or Salqa, in the indigenous cosmovision: guanaco (Lama guanicoe) and vicuña (Vicugna vicugna). Llama (Lama glama) and alpaca (Vicugna pacos) were domesticated 5000 years ago, and are therefore Uywa, in the indigenous cosmovision. Both wild and domestic camelids were, and in several cases still are, the most highly appreciated resource for Andean livelihoods. Historically, camelids and their contributions have been used by Andean people since the peopling of the Americas over 11,000 years ago. In this paper, we present three case studies (chakus for vicuña management, llama caravans, and llama nanobodies) to bring attention to the essential role of vicuñas and llamas for Andean communities today, their intercultural linkages with the Western world, and telecoupling interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Vilá
- National Research Council (CONICET) Argentina, Department of Social Sciences, National University of Lujan, Ruta 5 y 7 (6700) Lujan, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- VICAM: Vicuñas, Camelids and Environment, Luján, Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Yanina Arzamendia
- VICAM: Vicuñas, Camelids and Environment, Luján, Buenos Aires Argentina
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, INECOA CONICET UNJU (Institute of Andean Ecoregions, National Research Council -National University of Jujuy), Alberdi 47, (4600) San Salvador de Jujuy, Jujuy, Argentina
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