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Ye L, Huang Y, Chen K, Hang C, Ying Y, Zu L, Luo X, Du L. Early postnatal moderate catch‑up growth in rats with nutritional intrauterine growth restriction preserves pulmonary vascular and cognitive function in adulthood. Exp Ther Med 2024; 27:183. [PMID: 38515647 PMCID: PMC10952380 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) with rapid postnatal catch-up growth is strongly associated with pulmonary vascular dysfunction in adulthood, whereas IUGR with delayed growth in early postnatal life results in long-term brain deficits. In the present study, it was hypothesized that IUGR with early moderate catch-up growth may alleviate pulmonary vascular remodeling in adulthood without affecting memory function. An IUGR model was established by restricting maternal nutrition during pregnancy. Different growth patterns were achieved by adjusting the litter size in each group during lactation. Rats meeting the weight requirement at weaning were selected for subsequent studies at three time points (3, 9 and 13 weeks). Cognitive function was evaluated using a Y-maze. Invasive hemodynamic measurements were conducted to measure the mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP). In addition, primary pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PVECs) were cultured to investigate their role in the increase in mPAP following rapid catch-up growth. The results showed that memory function deficits in the rats in the delayed growth group were associated with reduced proliferation of neural stem cells in the subgranular zone of the hippocampus. Furthermore, moderate catch-up growth at the three time points improved memory function while maintaining a normal mPAP. In adult IUGR rats experiencing rapid catch-up growth, although memory function improved, elevated mPAP and medial thickening of pulmonary arterioles were observed. Additionally, PASMCs exhibited excessive proliferation, migration and anti-apoptotic activity in the rapid catch-up group, and PVECs also displayed excessive proliferation. These results suggested that moderate catch-up growth after IUGR is a better strategy for optimal cognition and cardiovascular health in adulthood compared with rapid catch-up growth or delayed growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Ye
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Yajie Huang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Kewei Chen
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Chengcheng Hang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Yuhan Ying
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Lu Zu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Luo
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
| | - Lizhong Du
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310052, P.R. China
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Chen R, Long S, Ren L, Xu S, Liu X, Shi J, Liu J, Ma D, Zhou P, Ren L. The Role of Macrophage Phenotype in the Vascularization of Prevascularized Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell Sheets. Stem Cells Dev 2023; 32:504-514. [PMID: 37119121 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2022.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
With the development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, prevascularized bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) sheets have been regarded as a promising method for tissue regeneration. Furthermore, the inflammatory response is one of the main regulators of vascularization and the restoration of engineered tissue function; among them, macrophages and cytokines produced by them are considered to be the decisive factors of the downstream outcomes. This study investigated the effect of macrophages on the formation of microvascular-like structures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in BMSC sheets. First, a human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1 cells) was differentiated into derived macrophages (M0) with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and further activated into proinflammatory macrophages (M1 macrophages) with interferon-γ and lipopolysaccharide or anti-inflammatory macrophages (M2 macrophages) with interleukin-4. Then, HUVECs and prevascularized sheets were treated with conditioned media (CM) from different macrophages, and the impact of macrophage phenotypes on vascularized network formation in prevascularized cell sheets was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining, CD31 immunofluorescence staining and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Our study showed that macrophages may guide the arrangement of endothelial cells through a paracrine pathway. Cell sheets that were cultured in the CM from M2 macrophages were thinner than those cultured in other media. At various time points, the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor in prevascularized sheets cultured with CM(M1) was higher than that in sheets cultured with other media; however, the levels of platelet-derived growth factor in prevascularized sheets cultured with CM(M2) was higher than that in sheets cultured with other media. These findings suggest that the paracrine effect of macrophages can influence the formation of microvascular networks in prevascularized sheets by regulating the arrangement of cells, the thickness of the cell sheet and the secretion of cytokines related to angiogenesis. Macrophages with different phenotypes have unique effects on prevascularized sheets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Siqi Long
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
- Department of Orthodontics, West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Lina Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Sen Xu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Xiaoning Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Jiamin Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Dongyang Ma
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The 940th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of PLA, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Ping Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
| | - Liling Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, PR China
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Chen S, Huang Y, Huang S, Zhou Z, Liu K, Pan J, Wu Z. M2b macrophages protect against doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity via alternating autophagy in cardiomyocytes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288422. [PMID: 37498828 PMCID: PMC10374082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic which is widely used for the treatment of various cancers, while the dose-related cardiotoxicity limits its potential therapeutic application. The underlying mechanism of DOX induced cardiotoxicity is complex and remains elusive. Our previous studies have shown that M2b macrophage plays an important role in reducing inflammation due to ischemic reperfusion injury in the myocardium. The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential protective role of M2b macrophages in DOX induced cardiotoxicity. METHODS In vivo, we conducted DOX induced cardiac injury in C57BL/6 mice and treated them with M2b macrophages. Then, the mice were examined by echocardiography. The heart specimens were harvested for histological examination, transmission electron microscope analysis, and autophagy molecules evaluation. In vitro, HL-1 cardiac cell lines treated with DOX were cocultured with or without M2b macrophages. Then, Autophagy related genes and protein expression were assessed by real-time quantitative PCR and western blot; cell proliferation was assessed by cell counting kit-8. RESULTS We found that M2b macrophages can improve cardiac function and alleviate cardiac injury in DOX induced cardiac injury mice. M2b macrophages can enhance cardiac autophagy levels both in vivo and in vitro in DOX induced cardiac injury model. In addition, this protective effect can be blocked by an autophagy inhibitor. CONCLUSION Our study shows that M2b macrophages can help attenuate the DOX induced cardiotoxicity by regulating the autophagy level of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sida Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Suiqing Huang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhuoming Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaizheng Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinyu Pan
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhongkai Wu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Liu G, Li J, Ming Y, Xiang B, Zhou X, Chen Y, Chen N, Abudupataer M, Zhu S, Sun X, Sun Y, Lai H, Feng S, Wang C, Zhu K. A hiPSC-derived lineage-specific vascular smooth muscle cell-on-a-chip identifies aortic heterogeneity across segments. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1835-1851. [PMID: 36810777 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01158a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aortic aneurysm (AA), a potentially lethal condition with the characteristic of aortic dilatation, can only be treated by surgical or endovascular procedures. The underlying mechanisms of AA are unclear and early preventive treatment is still insufficient due to segmental aortic heterogeneity and the limitations of current disease models. Here, we firstly established a comprehensive lineage-specific vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC)-on-a-chip model using human induced pluripotent stem cells to yield cell lineages representing different segments of the aorta and tested the constructed organ-on-a-chip model under various tensile stress conditions. Bulk RNA sequencing, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence, western blot and FACS analyses were performed to discover the segmental aortic heterogeneity of response for tensile stress and drug testing. The appropriate stretching frequency for all lineages of SMCs was 1.0 Hz, paraxial mesoderm (PM) SMCs were more sensitive to tensile stress than lateral mesoderm (LM) SMCs and neural crest (NC) SMCs. These differences may be related to the different transcriptional profiles of the tension-stressed distinct lineage-specific vascular SMCs, specifically in relation to the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Also, the organ-on-a-chip displayed contractile physiology, perfect fluid coordination, and was conducive to drug testing, displaying heterogeneous segmental aortic responses. Compared with LM-SMCs and NC-SMCs, PM-SMCs were more sensitive to ciprofloxacin. The model is evaluated as a novel and suitable supplement to AA animal models for determining differential physiology and drug response in different parts of the aorta. Furthermore, this system could pave the way for disease modeling, drug testing, and the personalized treatment of patients with AA in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yang Ming
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Bitao Xiang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhou
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yabin Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, Shanghai Tech University, 319 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Nan Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mieradilijiang Abudupataer
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shichao Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoning Sun
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongxin Sun
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Lai
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sisi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
| | - Chunsheng Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China.
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Wenshen Yiqi Keli Mitigates the Proliferation and Migration of Cigarette Smoke Extract-Induced Human Airway Smooth Muscle Cells through miR-155/FoxO3a Axis. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4427637. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/4427637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Some domestic scholars revealed the effectiveness of Wenshen Yiqi Keli (WSYQKL) on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the exact mechanism of WSYQKL on COPD is fuzzy and needs further research. We adopted UPLC-Q/TOF-MS to analyze the chemical components of WSYQKL. In in vitro experiments, human airway smooth muscle cells (hASMCs) were intervened with 2.5% cigarette smoke extract (CSE), medicine serum of WSYQKL, miR-155 mimic, and FoxO3a silencing. Cell viability, proliferation, migration, and the expressions of miR-155, PCNA, Ki67, p21, p27, and FoxO3a were examined by cell counting kit-8, EdU staining, Transwell assay, scarification assay, qRT-PCR, immunol cytochemistry, and western blot, respectively. The association between miR-155 and FoxO3a was assessed by database and luciferase reporter gene analysis. We identified 47 kinds of chemical compositions of WSYQKL in ESI+ mode and 42 kinds of components of WSYQKL in ESI− mode. The medicine serum of WSYQKL strongly alleviated the proliferation and migration of hASMCs induced by CSE in a concentration-dependent manner. The medicine serum of WSYQKL enhanced the levels of p21, p27, and FoxO3a and weakened PCNA and Ki67 levels in hASMCs induced by CSE with the increase of concentration. MiR-155 mimic or FoxO3a silencing notably advanced CSE-treated HASMC viability, proliferation, migration, and the levels of PCNA and Ki67 and downregulated the levels of p21, p27, and FoxO3a in CSE-triggered hASMCs, which was reversed by WSYQKL-containing serum. Our results described that WSYQKL alleviated the proliferation and migration of hASMCs induced by CSE by modulating the miR-155/FoxO3a axis.
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Cell-to-Cell Crosstalk: A New Insight into Pulmonary Hypertension. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 184:159-179. [PMID: 35380274 DOI: 10.1007/112_2022_70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a disease with high pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vasoconstriction, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and microthrombosis in complex plexiform lesions, but it has been unclear of the exact mechanism of PH. A new understanding of the pathogenesis of PH is occurred and focused on the role of crosstalk between the cells on pulmonary vessels and pulmonary alveoli. It was found that the crosstalks among the endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts, pericytes, alveolar epithelial cells, and macrophages play important roles in cell proliferation, migration, inflammation, and so on. Therefore, the heterogeneity of multiple pulmonary blood vessels and alveolar cells and tracking the transmitters of cell communication could be conducive to the further insights into the pathogenesis of PH to discover the potential therapeutic targets for PH.
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Teplický T, Mateašík A, Balázsiová Z, Kajo K, Vallová M, Filová B, Trnka M, Čunderlíková B. Phenotypical modifications of immune cells are enhanced by extracellular matrix. Exp Cell Res 2021; 405:112710. [PMID: 34174319 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Immune cells not only constitute tumour microenvironment but they may even affect disease prognosis as a result of dual functional roles that they may play in tumour tissues. Two frequently used established immune cell lines (lymphocytic Jurkat and monocytic THP-1) were used to test whether microenvironmental factors, especially molecular components of extracellular matrix, can shape the phenotype of immune cells. Proliferation, morphological and phenotypical analyses were applied to compare behaviour of the immune cells, typically cultured as suspensions in culture medium, with their behaviour in collagen type I-based and Matrigel-based 3D cultures. Density of both immune cell types in routine suspension cultures affected their subsequent proliferation in extracellular matrices. THP-1 cells appeared to be more sensitive to their surrounding microenvironment as judged from extracellular matrix type-dependent changes in their cell doubling times and from slight increase in their diameters in both extracellular matrix-containing cell cultures. Moreover, even chemically uninduced monocytic THP-1 cells were present in a minor fraction as CD68 positive cell population in collagen type I matrix indicating their partial differentiation to macrophages. Observed modifications of immune cells by microenvironmental factors may have profound implications for their roles in healthy and pathological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tibor Teplický
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anton Mateašík
- International Laser Centre, Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Balázsiová
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Karol Kajo
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia; Biomedical Research Centre, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Miroslava Vallová
- Department of Pathology, St. Elisabeth Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbora Filová
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Michal Trnka
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Beata Čunderlíková
- Institute of Medical Physics, Biophysics, Informatics and Telemedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia; International Laser Centre, Slovak Centre of Scientific and Technical Information, Bratislava, Slovakia.
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Qiu H, Zhang Y, Li Z, Jiang P, Guo S, He Y, Guo Y. Donepezil Ameliorates Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension by Inhibiting M2-Macrophage Activation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:639541. [PMID: 33791350 PMCID: PMC8005547 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.639541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The beneficial effects of parasympathetic stimulation in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) have been reported. However, the specific mechanism has not been completely clarified. Donepezil, an oral cholinesterase inhibitor, enhances parasympathetic activity by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase, whose therapeutic effects in PAH and its mechanism deserve to be investigated. Methods: The PAH model was established by a single intraperitoneal injection of monocrotaline (MCT, 50 mg/kg) in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. Donepezil was administered via intraperitoneal injection daily after 1 week of MCT administration. At the end of the study, PAH status was confirmed by echocardiography and hemodynamic measurement. Testing for acetylcholinesterase activity and cholinergic receptor expression was used to evaluate parasympathetic activity. Indicators of pulmonary arterial remodeling and right ventricular (RV) dysfunction were assayed. The proliferative and apoptotic ability of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), inflammatory reaction, macrophage infiltration in the lung, and activation of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were also tested. PASMCs from the MCT-treated rats were co-cultured with the supernatant of BMDMs treated with donepezil, and then, the proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs were evaluated. Results: Donepezil treatment effectively enhanced parasympathetic activity. Furthermore, it markedly reduced mean pulmonary arterial pressure and RV systolic pressure in the MCT-treated rats, as well as reversed pulmonary arterial remodeling and RV dysfunction. Donepezil also reduced the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of PASMCs in the MCT-treated rats. In addition, it suppressed the inflammatory response and macrophage activation in both lung tissue and BMDMs in the model rats. More importantly, donepezil reduced the proliferation and promoted the apoptosis of PASMCs by suppressing M2-macrophage activation. Conclusion: Donepezil could prevent pulmonary vascular and RV remodeling, thereby reversing PAH progression. Moreover, enhancement of the parasympathetic activity could reduce the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of PASMCs in PAH by suppressing M2-macrophage activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Qiu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yibo Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Zhongyu Li
- Laboratory Medicine Center, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Zhuzhou Hospital Xiangya Medical College, Central South University, Zhuzhou, China.,Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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