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Li Y, Cheng Z, Ma W, Qiu Y, Liu T, Nan B, Li M, Sun L, Liu W, Yin H, Wang C, Li X, Zang C. Effect of Exogenous Melatonin on Performance and Mastitis in Dairy Cows. Vet Sci 2024; 11:431. [PMID: 39330810 PMCID: PMC11435509 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11090431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mastitis is an important factor affecting the health of cows that leads to elevated somatic cell counts in milk, which can seriously affect milk quality and result in huge economic losses for the livestock industry. Therefore, the aim of this trial was to investigate the effect of melatonin on performance and mastitis in dairy cows. Forty-eight Holstein cows with a similar body weight (470 ± 10 kg), parity (2.75 ± 1.23), number of lactation days (143 ± 43 days), BCS (3.0-3.5), milk yield (36.80 ± 4.18 kg), and somatic cell count (300,000-500,000 cells/mL) were selected and randomly divided into four groups: control (CON group), trial Ⅰ (T80 group), trial Ⅱ (T120 group), and trial Ⅲ (T160 group). Twelve cows in trial groups I, II, and III were pre-dispensed 80, 120, and 160 mg of melatonin in edible glutinous rice capsules along with the basal ration, respectively, while the control group was fed an empty glutinous rice capsule along with the ration. The trial period was 37 days, which included a 7-day adaptive phase followed by a 30-day experimental period. At the end of the trial period, feeding was ended and the cows were observed for 7 days. Milk samples were collected on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 37 to determine the somatic cell number and milk composition. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 15, 30, and 37 of the trial to determine the serum biochemical indicators, antioxidant and immune indicators, and the amount of melatonin in the blood. The results showed that the somatic cell counts of lactating cows in the CON group were lower than those in the T120 group on days 14 (p < 0.05) and 28 (p < 0.01) at 1 week after melatonin cessation. The milk protein percentage and milk fat percentage of cows in the T120 group were higher than those in the CON group (p < 0.01). The total protein and globulin content in the T120 group were higher than those in the CON group (p < 0.01). In terms of antioxidant capacity and immunity, the cows 1 week after melatonin cessation showed higher superoxide dismutase activity and interleukin-10 contents (p < 0.01) compared with the CON group and lower malondialdehyde and tumor necrosis factor-alpha contents (p < 0.01) compared with the T120 group. The melatonin content in the T120 group was increased relative to that in the other groups. In conclusion, exogenous melatonin can increase the content of milk components, reduce the somatic cell count, and improve the antioxidant capacity and immune responses to a certain extent. Under the experimental conditions, 120 mg/day melatonin is recommended for mid- to late-lactation cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunmeng Li
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat and Milk, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.L.); (Z.C.); (W.M.); (T.L.); (B.N.); (M.L.); (L.S.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Zhiqiang Cheng
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat and Milk, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.L.); (Z.C.); (W.M.); (T.L.); (B.N.); (M.L.); (L.S.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Wenting Ma
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat and Milk, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.L.); (Z.C.); (W.M.); (T.L.); (B.N.); (M.L.); (L.S.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Yaqi Qiu
- Karamay Green City Agricultural Development Co., Karamay 834000, China;
| | - Tuo Liu
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat and Milk, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.L.); (Z.C.); (W.M.); (T.L.); (B.N.); (M.L.); (L.S.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Bingyu Nan
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat and Milk, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.L.); (Z.C.); (W.M.); (T.L.); (B.N.); (M.L.); (L.S.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Mengfei Li
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat and Milk, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.L.); (Z.C.); (W.M.); (T.L.); (B.N.); (M.L.); (L.S.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Long Sun
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat and Milk, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.L.); (Z.C.); (W.M.); (T.L.); (B.N.); (M.L.); (L.S.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Wentao Liu
- Xinjiang Urumqi Rural Revitalization Guidance Service Center, Urumqi 830000, China;
| | - Haina Yin
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat and Milk, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.L.); (Z.C.); (W.M.); (T.L.); (B.N.); (M.L.); (L.S.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Caidie Wang
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat and Milk, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.L.); (Z.C.); (W.M.); (T.L.); (B.N.); (M.L.); (L.S.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiaobin Li
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat and Milk, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.L.); (Z.C.); (W.M.); (T.L.); (B.N.); (M.L.); (L.S.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (X.L.)
| | - Changjiang Zang
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Herbivore Nutrition for Meat and Milk, College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Y.L.); (Z.C.); (W.M.); (T.L.); (B.N.); (M.L.); (L.S.); (H.Y.); (C.W.); (X.L.)
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Andrani M, Dall’Olio E, De Rensis F, Tummaruk P, Saleri R. Bioactive Peptides in Dairy Milk: Highlighting the Role of Melatonin. Biomolecules 2024; 14:934. [PMID: 39199322 PMCID: PMC11352677 DOI: 10.3390/biom14080934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Melatonin, an endogenous indolamine derived from tryptophan, is primarily synthesized by the pineal gland in mammals and regulated by a complex neural system. Its release follows a circadian rhythm, which is crucial for regulating physiological processes in response to light-dark cycles in both humans and animals. In this review, we report that the presence of this hormone in bovine milk, with significant differences in concentration between daytime and nighttime milking, has increased interest in milk as a natural source of bioactive molecules. Melatonin lowers cortisol levels at night, reduces body temperature and blood pressure, coinciding with decreased alertness and performance, acts as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent, modulates the immune system, offers neuroprotective benefits, and supports gastrointestinal health by scavenging free radicals and reducing oxidative stress in dairy cows. Many factors influence the release of melatonin, such as the intensity of artificial lighting during nighttime milking, the frequency of milkings, milk yield, and genetic differences between animals. Nocturnal milking under low-intensity light boosts melatonin, potentially reducing oxidative damage and mastitis risk. Additionally, ultra-high temperature (UHT) treatment does not significantly affect the melatonin content in milk. However, further research on its stability during milk processing and storage is crucial for ensuring product efficacy. In some countries, nighttime milk with naturally elevated melatonin content is already commercialized as a natural aid for sleep. Thus, naturally melatonin-rich milk may be a promising alternative to synthetic supplements for promoting better sleep and overall well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Andrani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.D.); (F.D.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Eleonora Dall’Olio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.D.); (F.D.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Fabio De Rensis
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.D.); (F.D.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Padet Tummaruk
- Centre of Excellence in Swine Reproduction, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Roberta Saleri
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy; (E.D.); (F.D.R.); (R.S.)
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Liu Y, Yao S, Meng Q, Liu X, Han H, Kan C, Wang T, Wei W, Li S, Yu W, Zhao Z, He C, Liu G. A novel signaling transduction pathway of melatonin on lactose synthesis in cows via melatonin receptor 1 (MT1) and prolactin receptor (PRLR). PeerJ 2023; 11:e15932. [PMID: 37692118 PMCID: PMC10484205 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, we explored the relationship between melatonin and lactose synthesis in in vivo and in vitro conditions. We found that long-term melatonin feeding to the dairy cows significantly reduced the milk lactose content in a dose dependent manner. This lactose reduction was not associated with a negative energy balance, since melatonin treatment did not alter the fat, glucose, or protein metabolisms of the cows. To identify the potential molecular mechanisms, the cow's mammary epithelial cells were cultured for gene expression analysis. The results showed that the effect of melatonin on lactose reduction was mediated by its receptor MT1. MT1 activation downregulated the mRNA expression of the prolactin receptor gene (PRLR), which then suppressed the gene expression of SLC35B1. SLC35B1 is a galactose transporter and is responsible for the transportation of galactose to Golgi apparatus for lactose synthesis. Its suppression reduced the lactose synthesis and the milk lactose content. The discovery of this signal transduction pathway of melatonin on lactose synthesis provides a novel aspect of melatonin's effect on carbohydrate metabolism in cows and maybe also in other mammals, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunjie Liu
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Qinggeng Meng
- Beijing Changping District Nankou Town Agricultural Clothing Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuening Liu
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huigang Han
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chunli Kan
- Beijing Changping District Shisanling Town Agricultural Clothing Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tiankun Wang
- Beijing Changping District Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjuan Wei
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Shujing Li
- Shijiazhuang Tianquan Elite Dairy Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wenli Yu
- Shijiazhuang Tianquan Elite Dairy Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zengyuan Zhao
- Shijiazhuang Tianquan Elite Dairy Co. Ltd., Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Changwang He
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Fu Y, Yao S, Wang T, Lu Y, Han H, Liu X, Lv D, Ma X, Guan S, Yao Y, Liu Y, Yu H, Li S, Yang N, Liu G. Effects of melatonin on rumen microorganisms and methane production in dairy cow: results from in vitro and in vivo studies. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:196. [PMID: 37644507 PMCID: PMC10463863 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01620-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methane (CH4) is a major greenhouse gas, and ruminants are one of the sources of CH4 which is produced by the rumen microbiota. Modification of the rumen microbiota compositions will impact the CH4 production. In this study, the effects of melatonin on methane production in cows were investigated both in the in vitro and in vivo studies. RESULTS Melatonin treatment significantly reduced methane production in both studies. The cows treated with melatonin reduced methane emission from their respiration by approximately 50%. The potential mechanisms are multiple. First, melatonin lowers the volatile fatty acids (VFAs) production in rumen and reduces the raw material for CH4 synthesis. Second, melatonin not only reduces the abundance of Methanobacterium which are responsible for generating methane but also inhibits the populations of protozoa to break the symbiotic relationship between Methanobacterium and protozoa in rumen to further lowers the CH4 production. The reduced VFA production is not associated with food intake, and it seems also not to jeopardize the nutritional status of the cows. This was reflected by the increased milk lipid and protein contents in melatonin treated compared to the control cows. It is likely that the energy used to synthesize methane is saved to compensate the reduced VFA production. CONCLUSION This study enlightens the potential mechanisms by which melatonin reduces rumen methane production in dairy cows. Considering the greenhouse effects of methane on global warming, these findings provide valuable information using different approaches to achieve low carbon dairy farming to reduce the methane emission. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Songyang Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tiankun Wang
- Beijing Changping District Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yongqiang Lu
- Beijing General Station of Animal Husbandry, Beijing, China
| | - Huigang Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuening Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongying Lv
- Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengyu Guan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yujun Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunjie Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiying Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shengli Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Li Z, Zhang K, Zhou Y, Zhao J, Wang J, Lu W. Role of Melatonin in Bovine Reproductive Biotechnology. Molecules 2023; 28:4940. [PMID: 37446601 PMCID: PMC10343719 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin has profound antioxidant activity and numerous functions in humans as well as in livestock and poultry. Additionally, melatonin plays an important role in regulating the biological rhythms of animals. Combining melatonin with scientific breeding management has considerable potential for optimizing animal physiological functions, but this idea still faces significant challenges. In this review, we summarized the beneficial effects of melatonin supplementation on physiology and reproductive processes in cattle, including granulosa cells, oocytes, circadian rhythm, stress, inflammation, testicular function, spermatogenesis, and semen cryopreservation. There is much emerging evidence that melatonin can profoundly affect cattle. In the future, we hope that melatonin can not only be applied to cattle, but can also be used to safely and effectively improve the efficiency of animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Li
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Kaiyan Zhang
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Yuming Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Wenfa Lu
- Joint Laboratory of the Modern Agricultural Technology International Cooperation, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China; (Z.L.); (K.Z.); (Y.Z.); (J.Z.)
- Key Lab of Animal Production, Product Quality, and Security, Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China
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Ma H, Yao S, Bai L, Bai S, Liu G. The effects of rumen-protected tryptophan (RPT) on production performance and relevant hormones of dairy cows. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13831. [PMID: 36117532 PMCID: PMC9480067 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that cannot be synthesized in mammals. Therefore, the dietary supply of tryptophan is critical for the health and production performance (e.g., milk) of mammals. In the present study, 36 lactating Holstein cows were used, of which 24 cows were in the rumen-protected tryptophan (RPT) feeding groups with different doses at 14 g/d and 28 g/d, respectively and 12 cows were in the control group. This approach could avoid dietary tryptophan being degraded by the rumen microorganisms and improve its bioavailability for cows. The results showed that RPT increased milk protein percentage, milk protein yield, milk solid non-fat (SNF), and milk yield. In response to RPT treatment, the levels of melatonin (MT), prolactin (PRL), and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) were significantly increased in the serum of cows compared to the controls. RPT feeding improved nutrient utilization efficiency and lactation performance of dairy cows, which enhanced the quality of milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ma
- Beijing Sanyuan Breeding Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Songyang Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Libing Bai
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Sarvvl Bai
- Beijing Sunlon Livestock Development Co. Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Guoshi Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding of the Ministry of Agriculture, National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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Effects of Duodenal 5-Hydroxytryptophan Perfusion on Melatonin Synthesis in GI Tract of Sheep. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26175275. [PMID: 34500708 PMCID: PMC8433724 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential effects of 5-hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) duodenal perfusion on melatonin (MT) synthesis in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of sheep. 5-hydroxytryptophan is a precursor in the melatonin synthetic pathway. The results showed that this method significantly increased melatonin production in the mucosa of all segments in GI tract including duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum and colon. The highest melatonin level was identified in the colon and this indicates that the microbiota located in the colon may also participate in the melatonin production. In addition, portion of the melatonin generated by the GI tract can pass the liver metabolism and enters the circulation via portal vein. The current study provides further evidence to support that GI tract is the major site for melatonin synthesis and the GI melatonin also contributes to the circulatory melatonin level since plasma melatonin concentrations in 5-HTP treated groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. In conclusion, the results show that 10–50 mg of 5-HTP flowing into the duodenum within 6 h effectively improve the production of melatonin in the GI tract and melatonin concentration in sheep blood circulation during the day.
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