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Zhao L, Hao Y, Tang S, Han X, Li R, Zhou X. Energy metabolic reprogramming regulates programmed cell death of renal tubular epithelial cells and might serve as a new therapeutic target for acute kidney injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1276217. [PMID: 38054182 PMCID: PMC10694365 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1276217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) induces significant energy metabolic reprogramming in renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs), thereby altering lipid, glucose, and amino acid metabolism. The changes in lipid metabolism encompass not only the downregulation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) but also changes in cell membrane lipids and triglycerides metabolism. Regarding glucose metabolism, AKI leads to increased glycolysis, activation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), inhibition of gluconeogenesis, and upregulation of the polyol pathway. Research indicates that inhibiting glycolysis, promoting the PPP, and blocking the polyol pathway exhibit a protective effect on AKI-affected kidneys. Additionally, changes in amino acid metabolism, including branched-chain amino acids, glutamine, arginine, and tryptophan, play an important role in AKI progression. These metabolic changes are closely related to the programmed cell death of renal TECs, involving autophagy, apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Notably, abnormal intracellular lipid accumulation can impede autophagic clearance, further exacerbating lipid accumulation and compromising autophagic function, forming a vicious cycle. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of ameliorating AKI-induced kidney damage through calorie and dietary restriction. Consequently, modifying the energy metabolism of renal TECs and dietary patterns may be an effective strategy for AKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limei Zhao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yajie Hao
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Shuqin Tang
- The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiutao Han
- The Third Clinical College, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Rongshan Li
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Hasan A, Issa R, Al-Halaseh L, Abbas MA, Al-Jawabri N, Al-Suhaimat R. Investigation of the nephroprotective activity of Moringa peregrina leaves aqueous extract in mice. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e90506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional remedies for Moringa peregrina leaves have a variety of uses with confirmed biological and therapeutic effects, as per published reports. The current study aims to evaluate the ability of the leaves aqueous extract to protect from nephrotoxicity in gentamicin-treated mice. Phytochemical analysis for the aqueous extract was performed using DPPH (2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) assay for antioxidants, Folin-Ciocalteu, AlCl3 and HPLC- MS/MS analysis, focusing on phenol and flavonoid content. The nephroprotective activity of the prepared extract was evaluated by means of variable biochemical parameters including Creatinine (Cr), Uric Acid (UA), and Urea (Ur). In addition, histological examination of renal tissues was performed in all mice groups (control, gentamicin-induced (150 mg/Kg i.p) and aqueous extract-orally treated groups (500 and 1000 mg/Kg)). Findings reveal that the prepared extract has total phenols (555.57±0.92mg/g, equivalent to gallic acid), flavonoids (40.08±1.56 mg/g, equivalent to quercetin), and DPPH IC50 (3.10 µg/ml). HPLC-MS/MS analysis revealed the presence of 10 phenols and flavonoids compounds. In vivo studies showed a significant (P < 0.05) reducing effect for the high-dose treatment, on serum and urine concentrations for UA, Cr, and U, among the nephrotoxicity induced mice. Low-dose treated group showed significant reduction on serum concentration of UA, Cr and U, but only for Cr concentration in urine. The histological examination showed an improvement in the image of the renal tissue among the induced-nephrotoxicity mice, which was treated with high-dose extract. In conclusion, leaves aqueous extract of M. peregrina have shown potential protective effect to counteract some of the gentamicin consequences on kidney functions.
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Gültekin Ç, Sayiner S, Çetinel Ş, Şehirli AÖ. Does Ambroxol alleviate kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats? IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022; 25:1037-1041. [PMID: 36159324 PMCID: PMC9464333 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2022.64330.14148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Ischemia-reperfusion injury is a life-threatening clinical problem that can occur after transplantation or a number of clinical procedures. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Ambroxol on kidney damage caused by experimentally induced ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. Materials and Methods Wistar albino rats were divided into 3 groups: Control (CTR, n=6), Kidney ischemia-reperfusion (K-IR, n=6), And kidney ischemia reperfusion+Ambroxol (K-IR+AMB, n=6). In K-IR+AMB group, Ambroxol (30 mg/kg) was administered orally 30 min before the ischemia period. K-IR and K-IR+AMB groups underwent 45 min of kidney ischemia followed by a 6-hour reperfusion period. At the end of the reperfusion period, blood and kidney tissue samples were collected after euthanasia. From the blood samples, BUN and creatinine levels were determined to assess kidney function, and TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations were evaluated to determine inflammatory response. Results While serum BUN, creatinine activities, and TNF-α and IL-1β concentrations were higher in both IR groups compared with the CTR group, these values were found to be lower in the K-IR+AMB group compared with the K-IR group. Histopathological examination revealed that interstitial edema and desquamation of tubular cells in the K-IR group were more severe than in the K-IR+AMB group. Conclusion Ambroxol treatment alleviated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the harmful cellular effects in the tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Çağrı Gültekin
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus,Corresponding author: Çağrı Gültekin. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus. Tel: +90 (0 392) 675 10 00/ 3136;
| | - Serkan Sayiner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Şule Çetinel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Marmara University, 34722 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Özer Şehirli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Near East University, 99138, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Chemical Composition and Anti-Urolithiatic Activity of Extracts from Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels Press-Cake and Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27133973. [PMID: 35807240 PMCID: PMC9268273 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27133973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnobotanical studies have reported the traditional medicinal uses of Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. and Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels against kidney stone formation and other chronic kidney diseases. The present work is undertaken to study the litholytic activity and the inhibiting activity of calcium oxalate crystallization by bioactive compounds identified in Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels press-cake (residue of Argan oil) and in Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. The litholytic activity was studied in vitro on cystine and uric acid stones using a porous bag and an Erlenmeyer glass. The study of the inhibiting activity of calcium oxalate crystallization, was based on temporal measurements of the optical density, registered at a 620 nm wavelength for 30 min using an ultraviolet−visible spectrophotometer. The silylation method was performed to identify phytochemicals, followed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrophotometry (GC/MS) analysis. The results show significant litholytic activity of Argania Spinosa press-cake hydro-ethanolic extract on uric acid and cystine stones, respectively, with dissolution rates (DR) of 86.38% and 60.42% versus 3.23% and 9.48% for the hydro-ethanolic extract of Acacia senegal exudate. Furthermore, the percentages of nucleation inhibition are 83.78% and 43.77% (p ˂ 0.05) for Argania spinosa and Acacia senegal, respectively. The results point to the detection of 17 phytochemicals in Argania spinosa press-cake extract, the majority of which are phenolic acids and have potent anti-urolithiatic action.
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Li QY, Liu F, Tang X, Fu H, Mao J. Renoprotective Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors and the Mechanism. KIDNEY DISEASES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 8:44-56. [PMID: 35224006 PMCID: PMC8820168 DOI: 10.1159/000520141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The kidney requires abundant blood supply, and oxygen is transmitted by diffusion through blood vessels. Most physiological metabolism of the kidney depends on oxygen, so it is very sensitive to oxygen. An increasing pool of evidence suggests that hypoxia is involved in almost all acute and chronic kidney diseases (CKDs). Vascular damage, tubular injury, and fibrosis are the main pathologies associated during hypoxia. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are the main mediators during hypoxia, but their functions remain controversial. This article reviewed recent studies and described its mechanisms on renoprotection. SUMMARY HIF is degraded rapidly during under normal oxygen. But under hypoxia, HIFs accumulate and many target genes are regulated by HIFs. Homeostasis during injury is maintained through these genes. Pretreatment of HIF can protect the kidney from acute hypoxia and can improve repair, but HIF's role in CKD and in renal tumor is still controversial. Due to its mechanism in kidney disease, many drugs toward HIFs are widely researched, even some of which have been used in clinical or in clinical research. KEY MESSAGES In this review, we described the known physiological mechanisms, target genes, and renal protective roles of HIFs, and we discussed several drugs that are researched due to such renal protective roles.
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Cienfuegos-Pecina E, Moreno-Peña DP, Torres-González L, Rodríguez-Rodríguez DR, Garza-Villarreal D, Mendoza-Hernández OH, Flores-Cantú RA, Samaniego Sáenz BA, Alarcon-Galvan G, Muñoz-Espinosa LE, Ibarra-Rivera TR, Saucedo AL, Cordero-Pérez P. Treatment with sodium ( S)-2-hydroxyglutarate prevents liver injury in an ischemia-reperfusion model in female Wistar rats. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12426. [PMID: 34824916 PMCID: PMC8592047 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is one of the leading causes of early graft dysfunction in liver transplantation. Techniques such as ischemic preconditioning protect the graft through the activation of the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF), which are downregulated by the EGLN family of prolyl-4-hydroxylases, a potential biological target for the development of strategies based on pharmacological preconditioning. For that reason, this study aims to evaluate the effect of the EGLN inhibitor sodium (S)-2-hydroxyglutarate [(S)-2HG] on liver IR injury in Wistar rats. Methods Twenty-eight female Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: sham (SH, n = 7), non-toxicity (HGTox, n = 7, 25 mg/kg of (S)-2HG, twice per day for two days), IR (n = 7, total liver ischemia: 20 minutes, reperfusion: 60 minutes), and (S)-2HG+IR (HGIR, n = 7, 25 mg/kg of (S)-2HG, twice per day for two days, total liver ischemia as the IR group). Serum ALT, AST, LDH, ALP, glucose, and total bilirubin were assessed. The concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were measured in liver tissue, as well as the expression of Hmox1, Vegfa, and Pdk1, determined by RT-qPCR. Sections of liver tissue were evaluated histologically, assessing the severity of necrosis, sinusoidal congestion, and cytoplasmatic vacuolization. Results The administration of (S)-2HG did not cause any alteration in the assessed biochemical markers compared to SH. Preconditioning with (S)-2HG significantly ameliorated IR injury in the HGIR group, decreasing the serum activities of ALT, AST, and LDH, and the tissue concentrations of IL-1β and IL-6 compared to the IR group. IR injury decreased serum glucose compared to SH. There were no differences in the other biomarkers assessed. The treatment with (S)-2HG tended to decrease the severity of hepatocyte necrosis and sinusoidal congestion compared to the IR group. The administration of (S)-2HG did not affect the expression of Hmox1 but decreased the expression of both Vegfa and Pdk1 compared to the SH group, suggesting that the HIF-1 pathway is not involved in its mechanism of hepatoprotection. In conclusion, (S)-2HG showed a hepatoprotective effect, decreasing the levels of liver injury and inflammation biomarkers, without evidence of the involvement of the HIF-1 pathway. No hepatotoxic effect was observed at the tested dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Cienfuegos-Pecina
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico.,Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Blood Bank, Department of Clinical Pathology, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Diana P Moreno-Peña
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Liliana Torres-González
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Diana Raquel Rodríguez-Rodríguez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Diana Garza-Villarreal
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Oscar H Mendoza-Hernández
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Raul Alejandro Flores-Cantú
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Brenda Alejandra Samaniego Sáenz
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Alarcon-Galvan
- Universidad de Monterrey, Basic Science Department, School of Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Linda E Muñoz-Espinosa
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Tannya R Ibarra-Rivera
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Alma L Saucedo
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Department of Analytical Chemistry, School of Medicine, Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Paula Cordero-Pérez
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León. Liver Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital "Dr. José E. González", Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico
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