1
|
Potter K, Gayle EJ, Deb S. Effect of gut microbiome on serotonin metabolism: a personalized treatment approach. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024; 397:2589-2602. [PMID: 37922012 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023]
Abstract
Several factors including diet, exercise, and medications influence the makeup of the resilient but adaptable gut microbiome. Bacteria in the gut have a significant role in the homeostasis of the neurotransmitter serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine, involved in mood and behavior. The goal of the current work is to review the effect of the gut microbiome on serotonin metabolism, and how it can potentially contribute to the development of a personalized treatment approach for depression and anxiety. Bacterial strains provide innovative therapeutic targets that can be used for disorders, such as depression, that involve dysregulation of serotonin. Advances in bacterial genomic sequencing have increased the accessibility and affordability of microbiome testing, which unlocks a new targeted pathway to modulate serotonin metabolism by targeting the gut-brain axis. Microbiome testing can facilitate the recommendation of strain-specific probiotic supplements based on patient-specific microbial profiles. Several studies have shown that supplementation with probiotics containing specific species of bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, can improve symptoms of depression. Further research is needed to improve the process and interpretation of microbiome testing and how to successfully incorporate testing results into guiding clinical decision-making. This targeted approach centered around the gut-brain axis can provide a novel way to personalize therapy for mental health disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristal Potter
- College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, 18301 N. Miami Avenue, Miami, FL, 33169, USA
| | - Erysa J Gayle
- College of Biomedical Sciences, Larkin University, 18301 N. Miami Avenue, Miami, FL, 33169, USA
| | - Subrata Deb
- College of Pharmacy, Larkin University, 18301 N. Miami Avenue, Miami, FL, 33169, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Accettulli A, Corbo MR, Sinigaglia M, Speranza B, Campaniello D, Racioppo A, Altieri C, Bevilacqua A. Psycho-Microbiology, a New Frontier for Probiotics: An Exploratory Overview. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2141. [PMID: 36363733 PMCID: PMC9696884 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are gradually gaining importance in the field of psychiatry in the form of psychobiotics. Psychobiotics' studies examine the existing relationship between gut microbiota and mental phenomena; the intake of certain strains of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus, for example, allow the gut microbial system to be modified in order to provide benefits at the psychic, immune, hormonal, and mental levels. Those who suffer from forms of depression, anxiety disorders, chronic stress, low mood, but also people who do not suffer from such disorders, can therefore benefit from the use of psychobiotics. Thanks to probiotics, neurochemicals can in fact be produced within the gut microbiota and interact with receptors of the enteric nervous system that innervate the entire gastrointestinal tract. Once they enter the portal circulation, these substances go on to influence components of the nervous system and ultimately the brain, through what is called the gut-brain axis. This article proposes an exploratory overview of the proven effects of probiotics on brain activity and psycho-related diseases, focusing on clinical studies and measurable outcomes. The search was conducted using two different online tools: ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed.
Collapse
|
3
|
Sbrini G, Hanswijk SI, Brivio P, Middelman A, Bader M, Fumagalli F, Alenina N, Homberg JR, Calabrese F. Peripheral Serotonin Deficiency Affects Anxiety-like Behavior and the Molecular Response to an Acute Challenge in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094941. [PMID: 35563331 PMCID: PMC9105435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin is synthetized through the action of tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) enzymes. While the TPH2 isoform is responsible for the production of serotonin in the brain, TPH1 is expressed in peripheral organs. Interestingly, despite its peripheral localization, alterations of the gene coding for TPH1 have been related to stress sensitivity and an increased susceptibility for psychiatric pathologies. On these bases, we took advantage of newly generated TPH1-/- rats, and we evaluated the impact of the lack of peripheral serotonin on the behavior and expression of brain plasticity-related genes under basal conditions and in response to stress. At a behavioral level, TPH1-/- rats displayed reduced anxiety-like behavior. Moreover, we found that neuronal activation, quantified by the expression of Bdnf and the immediate early gene Arc and transcription of glucocorticoid responsive genes after 1 h of acute restraint stress, was blunted in TPH1-/- rats in comparison to TPH1+/+ animals. Overall, we provided evidence for the influence of peripheral serotonin levels in modulating brain functions under basal and dynamic situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Sbrini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (P.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Sabrina I. Hanswijk
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.I.H.); (A.M.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Paola Brivio
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (P.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Anthonieke Middelman
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.I.H.); (A.M.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.B.); (N.A.)
- Charite-University Medicine, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lubeck, Germany
| | - Fabio Fumagalli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (P.B.); (F.F.)
| | - Natalia Alenina
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), 13125 Berlin, Germany; (M.B.); (N.A.)
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith R. Homberg
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (S.I.H.); (A.M.); (J.R.H.)
| | - Francesca Calabrese
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (G.S.); (P.B.); (F.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-50318277
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
One Giant Leap from Mouse to Man: The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Mood Disorders and Translational Challenges Moving towards Human Clinical Trials. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030568. [PMID: 35276927 PMCID: PMC8840472 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota–gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication pathway that enables the gut microbiota to communicate with the brain through direct and indirect signaling pathways to influence brain physiology, function, and even behavior. Research has shown that probiotics can improve several aspects of health by changing the environment within the gut, and several lines of evidence now indicate a beneficial effect of probiotics on mental and brain health. Such evidence has prompted the arrival of a new term to the world of biotics research: psychobiotics, defined as any exogenous influence whose effect on mental health is bacterially mediated. Several taxonomic changes in the gut microbiota have been reported in neurodevelopmental disorders, mood disorders such as anxiety and depression, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease. While clinical evidence supporting the role of the gut microbiota in mental and brain health, and indeed demonstrating the beneficial effects of probiotics is rapidly accumulating, most of the evidence to date has emerged from preclinical studies employing different animal models. The purpose of this review is to focus on the role of probiotics and the microbiota–gut–brain axis in relation to mood disorders and to review the current translational challenges from preclinical to clinical research.
Collapse
|
5
|
Sharma M, Prakash J, Yadav P, Srivastava K, Chatterjee K. Gut-brain axis: Synergistic approach. Ind Psychiatry J 2021; 30:S297-S300. [PMID: 34908715 PMCID: PMC8611583 DOI: 10.4103/0972-6748.328835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Since decades, there is a change in concept of the gut-brain axis. There is differential increase in evidences focusing on the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the brain. It supports existence of far-reaching model of "gut-brain axis." This axis is attaining more adherence to fields investigating biological and physiological footing of psychiatric, neuro-developmental, age-related, and neurodegenerative disorders. Many factors can change microbiota composition in early life as well as with the increasing age. Stress can affect the microbiota-gut-brain axis at every stages of life. Recent advances have involved the gut microbiota in many conditions including severe mental illness, autism, anxiety, obesity, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. The current studies target on elaborating the underlying mechanisms of microbiota-gut-brain axis and attempt to exemplify intervention and therapeutic strategies for neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markanday Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jyoti Prakash
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Prateek Yadav
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kalpana Srivastava
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|