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Toyoshima H, Shibahara T, Tanigawa M, Masuda N, Ishiguro C, Tanaka H, Nakanishi Y, Sakabe S. Lactobacillus paragasseri as a novel causative pathogen of cavernosal abscess. IDCases 2021; 26:e01320. [PMID: 34777993 PMCID: PMC8577437 DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
L. paragasseri causes oligosymptomatic febrile spontaneous cavernosal abscesses. Molecular identification methods alone can misidentify L. paragasseri as L. gasseri. Molecular and microbial biochemistry methods can identify L. paragasseri. Penicillins are optimal antimicrobials for treatment of L. paragasseri infections. L. paragasseri cavernosal abscesses need drainage with appropriate antimicrobials.
Most cases of cavernosal abscesses result from the progression of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) commonly caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae; however, cavernosal abscesses without STDs are rare events. Herein, we describe the first case report of a Lactobacillus paragasseri cavernosal abscess. A 63-year-old man with diabetes and a history of foreign object insertion into the urethra one year prior presented with high-grade fever and slight local pain. The patient was diagnosed with L. paragasseri cavernosal abscess based on computed tomography and microbial biochemical examinations in addition to matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and 16S rRNA sequencing from blood and pus cultures. The patient was successfully treated with a surgical procedure and appropriate antimicrobials. Hence, L. paragasseri, a commensal bacterium of the gastrointestinal or genitourinary tract, can cause cavernosal abscesses. Notably, L. paragasseri is difficult to distinguish from L. gasseri using MALDI or 16S rRNA sequencing without microbial biochemical examinations owing to morphological similarities. Therefore, special attention should be paid, clinically and microbiologically, to the potential of L. paragasseri cavernosal abscess in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Toyoshima
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Red Cross Ise Hospital, 1-471-2, Funae, Ise, Mie 516-8512, Japan
| | - Takuji Shibahara
- Department of Urology, Japanese Red Cross Ise Hospital, 1-471-2, Funae, Ise, Mie 516-8512, Japan
| | - Motoaki Tanigawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Ise Hospital, 1-471-2, Funae, Ise, Mie 516-8512, Japan
| | - Naoto Masuda
- Department of Medical Technology, Japanese Red Cross Ise Hospital, 1-471-2, Funae, Ise, Mie 516-8512, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ishiguro
- Department of Medical Technology, Japanese Red Cross Ise Hospital, 1-471-2, Funae, Ise, Mie 516-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tanaka
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Red Cross Ise Hospital, 1-471-2, Funae, Ise, Mie 516-8512, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Red Cross Ise Hospital, 1-471-2, Funae, Ise, Mie 516-8512, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Sakabe
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Japanese Red Cross Ise Hospital, 1-471-2, Funae, Ise, Mie 516-8512, Japan
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Maslennikov R, Ivashkin V, Efremova I, Poluektova E, Shirokova E. Probiotics in hepatology: An update. World J Hepatol 2021; 13:1154-1166. [PMID: 34630882 PMCID: PMC8473492 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v13.i9.1154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut–liver axis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases. Probiotics are living bacteria that may be used to correct disorders of this axis. Notable progress has been made in the study of probiotic drugs for the treatment of various liver diseases in the last decade. It has been proven that probiotics are useful for hepatic encephalopathy, but their effects on other symptoms and syndromes of cirrhosis are poorly studied. Their effectiveness in the treatment of metabolic associated fatty liver disease has been shown both in experimental models and in clinical trials, but their effect on the prognosis of this disease has not been described. The beneficial effects of probiotics in alcoholic liver disease have been shown in many experimental studies, but there are very few clinical trials to support these findings. The effects of probiotics on the course of other liver diseases are either poorly studied (such as primary sclerosing cholangitis, chronic hepatitis B and C, and autoimmune hepatitis) or not studied at all (such as primary biliary cholangitis, hepatitis A and E, Wilson's disease, hemochromatosis, storage diseases, and vascular liver diseases). Thus, despite the progress in the study of probiotics in hepatology over the past decade, there are many unexplored and unclear questions surrounding this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Maslennikov
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Consultative and Diagnostic Center of the Moscow City Health Department, Moscow 107564, Russia
| | - Vladimir Ivashkin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Irina Efremova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Poluektova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
- Scientific Community for Human Microbiome Research, Moscow 119435, Russia
| | - Elena Shirokova
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Sechenov University, Moscow 119435, Russia
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