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Kibrom BT, Manyazewal T, Demma BD, Feleke TH, Kabtimer AS, Ayele ND, Korsa EW, Hailu SS. Emerging technologies in pediatric radiology: current developments and future prospects. Pediatr Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00247-024-05997-3. [PMID: 39012407 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-024-05997-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Radiological imaging is a crucial diagnostic tool for the pediatric population. However, it is associated with several unique challenges in this age group compared to adults. These challenges mainly come from the fact that children are not small-sized adults and differ in development, anatomy, physiology, and pathology compared to adults. This paper reviews relevant articles published between January 2015 and October 2023 to analyze challenges associated with imaging technologies currently used in pediatric radiology, emerging technologies, and their role in resolving the challenges and future prospects of pediatric radiology. In recent decades, imaging technologies have advanced rapidly, developing advanced ultrasound, computed tomography, magnetic resonance, nuclear imaging, teleradiology, artificial intelligence, machine learning, three-dimensional printing, radiomics, and radiogenomics, among many others. By prioritizing the unique needs of pediatric patients while developing such technologies, we can significantly alleviate the challenges faced in pediatric radiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethlehem T Kibrom
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Tsegahun Manyazewal
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Biruk D Demma
- College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tesfahunegn H Feleke
- Centre for Innovative Drug Development and Therapeutic Trials for Africa (CDT-Africa), College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 9086, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Potomac Urology Clinic, Alexandria, VA, USA
| | | | - Nitsuh D Ayele
- College of Health Sciences, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
| | - Eyasu W Korsa
- Department of Radiology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Samuel S Hailu
- Department of Radiology, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Atanasova EG, Pentchev CP, Nolsøe CP. Intracavitary Applications for CEUS in PTCD. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1400. [PMID: 39001290 PMCID: PMC11241276 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14131400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracavitary contrast-enhanced ultrasound is widely accepted as a highly informative, safe, and easily reproducible technique for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of different pathologies of the biliary tree. This review article describes the diverse applications for CEUS in intracavitary biliary scenarios, supported by a literature review of the utilization of the method in indications like biliary obstruction by various etiologies, including postoperative strictures, evaluation of the biliary tree of liver donors, and evaluation of the localization of a drainage catheter. We also provide pictorial examples of the authors' personal experience with the use of intracavitary CEUS in cases of PTCD as a palliative intervention. Intracavitary CEUS brings all the positive features of US together with the virtues of contrast-enhanced imaging, providing comparable accuracy to the standard techniques for diagnosing biliary tree diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelina G Atanasova
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, "St. Ivan Rilski" University Hospital, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Christo P Pentchev
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, "St. Ivan Rilski" University Hospital, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Christian P Nolsøe
- Centre for Surgical Ultrasound, Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, 4600 Køge, Denmark
- Institute for Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cai S, Xing H, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ma W, Jiang Y, Li J, Wang H. Clinical application of intraoperative ultrasound superb microvascular imaging in brain tumors resections: contributing to the achievement of total tumoral resection. BMC Med Imaging 2024; 24:142. [PMID: 38862900 PMCID: PMC11165841 DOI: 10.1186/s12880-024-01321-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate whether the intraoperative superb microvascular imaging(SMI) technique helps evaluate lesion boundaries compared with conventional grayscale ultrasound in brain tumor surgery and to explore factors that may be associated with complete radiographic resection. METHODS This study enrolled 57 consecutive brain tumor patients undergoing surgery. During the operation, B-mode and SMI ultrasound evaluated the boundaries of brain tumors. MRI before and within 48h after surgery was used as the gold standard to evaluate gross-total resection(GTR). The ultrasound findings and GTR results were analyzed to determine the imaging factors related to GTR. RESULTS A total of 57 patients were enrolled in the study, including 32 males and 25 females, with an average age of 53.4 ± 14.1 years old(range 19 ~ 80). According to the assessment criteria of MRI, before and within 48 h after the operation, 37(63.9%) cases were classified as GTR, and 20(35.1%) cases were classified as GTR. In comparing tumor interface definition between B-mode and SMI mode, SMI improved HGG boundary recognition in 5 cases(P = 0.033). The results showed that the tumor size ≥ 5 cm and unclear ultrasonic boundary were independent risk factors for nGTR (OR>1, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS As an innovative intraoperative doppler technique in neurosurgery, SMI can effectively demarcate the tumor's boundary and help achieve GTR as much as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siman Cai
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hao Xing
- Department of the Neurosurgery Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuekun Wang
- Department of the Neurosurgery Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of the Neurosurgery Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Wenbin Ma
- Department of the Neurosurgery Department, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Jianchu Li
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China.
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Bojunga J, Trimboli P. Thyroid ultrasound and its ancillary techniques. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2024; 25:161-173. [PMID: 37946091 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-023-09841-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasound (US) of the thyroid has been used as a diagnostic tool since the late 1960s. US is the most important imaging tool for diagnosing thyroid disease. In the majority of cases a correct diagnosis can already be made in synopsis of the sonographic together with clinical findings and basal thyroid hormone parameters. However, the characterization of thyroid nodules by US remains challenging. The introduction of Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (TIRADSs) has improved diagnostic accuracy of thyroid cancer significantly. Newer techniques such as elastography, superb microvascular imaging (SMI), contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and multiparametric ultrasound (MPUS) expand diagnostic options and tools further. In addition, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) is a promising tool to improve and simplify diagnostics of thyroid nodules and there is evidence that AI can exceed the performance of humans. Combining different US techniques with the introduction of new software, the use of AI, FNB as well as molecular markers might pave the way for a completely new area of diagnostic accuracy in thyroid disease. Finally, interventional ultrasound using US-guided thermal ablation (TA) procedures are increasingly proposed as therapy options for benign as well as malignant thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joerg Bojunga
- Department of Medicine I, Goethe University Hospital, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Frankfurt am Main, 60590, Germany.
| | - Pierpaolo Trimboli
- Servizio di Endocrinologia e Diabetologia, Ospedale Regionale di Lugano, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC), Lugano, Switzerland
- Facoltà di Scienze Biomediche, Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland
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He Z, Luo J, Lv M, Li Q, Ke W, Niu X, Zhang Z. Characteristics and evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques: an overview of state-of-the-art techniques. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1159288. [PMID: 37900593 PMCID: PMC10603250 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1159288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is an important cause of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Lipid infiltration, inflammation, and altered vascular stress are the critical mechanisms that cause atherosclerotic plaque formation. The hallmarks of the progression of atherosclerosis include plaque ulceration, rupture, neovascularization, and intraplaque hemorrhage, all of which are closely associated with the occurrence of CVD. Assessing the severity of atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability is crucial for the prevention and treatment of CVD. Integrating imaging techniques for evaluating the characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques with computer simulations yields insights into plaque inflammation levels, spatial morphology, and intravascular stress distribution, resulting in a more realistic and accurate estimation of plaque state. Here, we review the characteristics and advancing techniques used to analyze intracranial and extracranial atherosclerotic plaques to provide a comprehensive understanding of atheroma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei He
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiaying Luo
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengna Lv
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Ke
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Niu
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Zhang G, Liao C, Hu JR, Hu HM, Lei YM, Harput S, Ye HR. Nanodroplet-Based Super-Resolution Ultrasound Localization Microscopy. ACS Sens 2023; 8:3294-3306. [PMID: 37607403 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, super-resolution ultrasound localization microscopy (SR-ULM) has revolutionized ultrasound imaging with its capability to resolve the microvascular structures below the ultrasound diffraction limit. The introduction of this imaging technique enables the visualization, quantification, and characterization of tissue microvasculature. The early implementations of SR-ULM utilize microbubbles (MBs) that require a long image acquisition time due to the requirement of capturing sparsely isolated microbubble signals. The next-generation SR-ULM employs nanodroplets that have the potential to significantly reduce the image acquisition time without sacrificing the resolution. This review discusses various nanodroplet-based ultrasound localization microscopy techniques and their corresponding imaging mechanisms. A summary is given on the preclinical applications of SR-ULM with nanodroplets, and the challenges in the clinical translation of nanodroplet-based SR-ULM are presented while discussing the future perspectives. In conclusion, ultrasound localization microscopy is a promising microvasculature imaging technology that can provide new diagnostic and prognostic information for a wide range of pathologies, such as cancer, heart conditions, and autoimmune diseases, and enable personalized treatment monitoring at a microlevel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhang
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, China Resources & Wisco General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
- Physics for Medicine Paris, Inserm U1273, ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Paris 75015, France
| | - Chen Liao
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, China Resources & Wisco General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, People's Republic of China
- Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun-Rui Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Man Hu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Meng Lei
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, China Resources & Wisco General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, People's Republic of China
| | - Sevan Harput
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, U.K
| | - Hua-Rong Ye
- Department of Medical Ultrasound, China Resources & Wisco General Hospital, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430080, People's Republic of China
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Canejo-Teixeira R, Lima A, Santana A. Applications of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in Splenic Studies of Dogs and Cats. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12162104. [PMID: 36009694 PMCID: PMC9404716 DOI: 10.3390/ani12162104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a noninvasive imaging technique that has become a reliable tool for identifying and monitoring lesions in both human and animals. In the last decade, its use in veterinary diagnostic imaging has gained increasing importance, and it can be reliable in everyday clinical practice. However, there is a lack of reviews describing existing CEUS results in the study of splenic lesions, which is of particular importance in dogs and cats. This information is important for validating its efficacy, to facilitate decision making related to sampling procedures and diagnosis, or even as a means to select CEUS as an alternative diagnostic tool in specific cases. Our goal was to review the existing studies of CEUS applications for splenic ultrasound studies in cats and dogs, present these results in a systematic manner, and combine this information into practical guidelines that can be used to help diagnosis and interpretation in both clinical cases and research. Abstract Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is an emerging technology in veterinary medicine involving the administration of intravenous contrast agents, and it is increasingly recognized for its high potential as a diagnostic imaging tool for small animals. This exam is easy and quick to perform, safe and reliable, and allows for the differentiation of lesions. It permits the identification of lesions that may require more invasive procedures, from those that can be safely dismissed to those that can be followed-up with ultrasound imaging. Although it has been extensively reviewed for use in human medicine, there is an overall lack of information about the application of this technique for cats and dogs, particularly in splenic studies, which can be particularly important for small animals. The present review describes and summarizes the CEUS applications used for splenic analysis in cats and dogs, providing a basic overview of CEUS technology with examples of common and uncommon features of focal splenic lesions. It also systematically gathers the results obtained for benign and malignant splenic lesions described in the literature, whilst providing guidelines for their interpretation. Furthermore, it presents the advantages of using CEUS for splenic analysis in cats and dogs and the main factors that may influence the quality of the imaging and the accuracy of the diagnosis. This type of knowledge can be used to provide a framework to help veterinarians make informed decisions regarding the use of this emerging technique for splenic lesions, guiding their interpretation of CEUS findings in the splenic ultrasounds of cats and dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rute Canejo-Teixeira
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.C.-T.); (A.L.)
| | - Ana Lima
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: (R.C.-T.); (A.L.)
| | - Ana Santana
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CA), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- CECAV-Animal and Veterinary Research Center, Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- AL4AnimalS-Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Universidade de Trás os Montes e Alto Douro, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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Ge Z, Wang Y, Wang Y, Fang S, Wang H, Li J. Diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in intravenous leiomyomatosis: a single-center experiences. Front Oncol 2022; 12:963675. [PMID: 36033528 PMCID: PMC9403056 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.963675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Intravenous leiomyomatosis (IVL) is a rare disease, and few studies have focused on the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in this condition. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of CEUS in IVL and summarize the specific CEUS characteristics of IVL. Materials and Method From December 2016 to March 2021, 93 patients admitted to our hospital with inferior vena cava (IVC) occupying lesions were prospectively enrolled and underwent detailed ultrasound multi-modality examinations, including conventional and contrast-enhanced ultrasound scans. The diagnostic value of CEUS and conventional ultrasound (CU) in IVL was compared, and the specific IVL signs were summarized. Results Among the 93 patients with inferior vena cava mass, 67 were IVL while 26 were non-IVL. The inter-observer agreement of the two senior doctors was good, with Kappa coefficient = 0.71 (95% CI: 0.572–0.885). The area under the ROC curve of CU for IVL diagnosis was 0.652 (95% CI: 0.528–0.776), and its sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, missed diagnosis rate, and misdiagnosis rate were 61.1%, 69.2%, 63.4%, 83.7%, 40.9%, 38.8%, and 30.8%, respectively. The area under curve (AUC) for IVL diagnosis by CEUS was 0.807 (95% CI: 0.701–0.911), and the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, missed diagnosis rate, and misdiagnosis rate were 82.0%, 84.6%, 82.8%, 93.2%, 64.7%, 15.4%, and 17.9%, respectively. In CEUS mode, “sieve hole sign” and “multi-track sign” were detected in 57 lesions, and the detected rate was higher than that of CU (https://loop.frontiersin.org/people/1014187 < 0.01). Conclusion CEUS can better show the fine blood flow inside the IVL, which is important for IVL differential diagnosis. Moreover, CEUS can obtain more information about IVL diagnosis than CU, compensating for the shortcomings of CU in detecting more blood flow within the lesion. Thus, this technique has great significance for IVL diagnosis.
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Yu P, Niu S, Gao S, Tian H, Zhu J. Benefits of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography to the Differential Diagnosis of TI-RADS 4-5 Thyroid Nodules. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022; 2022:7386516. [PMID: 35465180 PMCID: PMC9033405 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7386516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of thyroid cancer are of great significance to the prognosis for patients. This study was aimed at exploring the benefits of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) to the differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules classified as TI-RADS class 4 or 5. Method A total of 46 patients with TI-RADS 4-5 thyroid nodules admitted in Peking University People's Hospital from January 2019 to January 2021 were selected to study. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values of conventional ultrasonography (US) and conventional ultrasonography combined with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (US + CEUS) in the diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules were compared by referring to the results of the surgical pathology report, which is seen as the "gold standard" for diagnosis, followed by the construction of receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs). Result Among 57 thyroid nodules, there were statistically significant differences between benign and malignant thyroid nodules in terms of echogenicity, margin characteristics, aspect ratio, and calcification (P < 0.01). In the case of CEUS, there was no statistically significant difference among contrast agent perfusion patterns in distinguishing between benign and malignant thyroid nodules (P > 0.05). However, there were statistically significant differences among different enhancement degrees, enhanced borders, and enhancement patterns. By comparing the CEUS results of TI-RADS 4-5 thyroid nodules with the results of pathology report, the malignancy rate was found to pathology report results, the malignancy rate was 53.85% in TI-RADS class 4 thyroid nodules and 100.00% in TI-RADS class 5 thyroid nodules. Among thyroid nodules diagnosed using US, 6 benign nodules were misdiagnosed as malignant and 7 malignant nodules were misdiagnosed as benign. Among those diagnosed using US + CEUS, 2 benign nodules were misdiagnosed as malignant and 2 malignant nodules were misdiagnosed as benign. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of UN + CEUS significantly outperformed those of UN alone in diagnosing thyroid nodules (P < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) derived from US + CEUS was 0.849, while the AUC from US was only 0.726. Conclusion Using US + CEUS to diagnose thyroid nodules classified as TI-RADS category 4 or 5 can further improve distinguishing between benign and malignant nodules. The CEUS is of important value to clinical applications as it can provide effective supplementary information and quantitative analysis for the differentiation between benign and malignant thyroid nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Sihua Niu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hui Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jiaan Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University People's Hospital, 11 Xizhimen South Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
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