Cocaine Hurts Your Kidneys Too: A Rare Case of Acute Interstitial Nephritis Caused by Cocaine Abuse

The effect of cocaine on patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty

Background

Cocaine use has surged in the past decade, with 4.8 million Americans (1.7% of the population greater than 12) reporting use in 2021, leading to a healthcare burden of 1.3 billion dollars. Cocaine users experience prolonged hospital stays, higher costs, worse surgical outcomes, increased risk of medical conditions, and inflammation-related osteoarthritis. The study aims to identify factors influencing length of stay, costs, and perioperative complications in cocaine users undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) to reduce these risks.

Methods

This study utilized the NIS database, providing comprehensive information on patient demographics, length of stay, hospital costs, and complications. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS software, including propensity matching and significance testing, to compare outcomes between cocaine users (CU) and non-cocaine users (NCU) undergoing total hip arthroplasty.

Results

After propensity matching, cocaine users had a significantly longer LOS (4.8 days) in comparison to non-cocaine users (2.6 days) (p < 0.001). Similarly, the CU group had a larger of care (87984.9) than the NCU group (69149.2) (p < 0.001). Cocaine users had significantly higher rates of blood loss anemia (OR: 3.24, 95% CI: 2.21, 4.73), blood loss anemia (OR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.12, 2.24), blood transfusion (OR: 2.23, 95% CI: 1.04, 4.78), periprosthetic dislocation (OR: 6.57, 95% CI: 1.47, 29.32), and periprosthetic infection (OR: 4.59, 95% CI: 1.54, 13.68) than patients in the non-cocaine user's group.

Conclusion

Cocaine users had a significantly longer length of stay, higher costs of care, and an increased number of post-operative complications compared to non-cocaine users. These data contribute to understanding the potential ramifications of cocaine users undergoing THA.

Neurobiology of dream activity and effects of stimulants on dreams

The sleep-wake cycle is the result of the activity of a multiple neurobiological network interaction. Dreaming feature is one interesting sleep phenomena that represents sensorial components, mostly visual perceptions, accompanied with intense emotions. Further complexity has been added to the topic of the neurobiological mechanism of dreams generation by the current data that suggests the influence of drugs on dream generation. Here, we discuss the review on some of the neurobiological mechanism of the regulation of dream activity, with special emphasis on the effects of stimulants on dreaming.