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Kunitsky A, Maddineni G, Janecki J, Jurkovic E, Ferrer V. A Rare Case of Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Stomach: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e66220. [PMID: 39238700 PMCID: PMC11374448 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Pure primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma (PGSCC) is a notably rare gastric malignancy. We present the case of a 51-year-old woman with advanced gastric squamous cell carcinoma characterized by a 7.6 cm necrotic mass invading the proximal stomach, liver metastasis, and lymphadenopathy at diagnosis. Despite the lack of standardized treatment protocols, we review tumor markers and potential management strategies, including surgical and chemotherapeutic interventions. The rarity and aggressive nature of PGSCC necessitates further research to develop effective detection and treatment methods to improve patient prognosis and survival outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby Kunitsky
- Gastroenterology, Kansas City University, Kansas City, USA
| | - Gautam Maddineni
- Internal Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Cape Coral, USA
| | - Julia Janecki
- Internal Medicine, McLaren Macomb, Mount Clemens, USA
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Cardoso VS, Costa FC, Santos CM, Guerreiro JM, Ramos SF. Primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma: case report. J Surg Case Rep 2024; 2024:rjad736. [PMID: 38239378 PMCID: PMC10795900 DOI: 10.1093/jscr/rjad736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely rare entity with an unknown etiopathology, and prognosis is generally poor. While diagnostic criteria are standardized, the optimal treatment strategy is not defined due to its rarity. In this article, we present a case of primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma, discussing its approach and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco S Cardoso
- General Surgery Department – Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, São Francisco Xavier’s Hospital, 1449-005 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Filipa C Costa
- General Surgery Department – Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, São Francisco Xavier’s Hospital, 1449-005 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristina M Santos
- General Surgery Department – Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, São Francisco Xavier’s Hospital, 1449-005 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - José M Guerreiro
- General Surgery Department – Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, São Francisco Xavier’s Hospital, 1449-005 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sância F Ramos
- Anatomopathological Department – Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Ocidental, São Francisco Xavier’s Hospital, 1449-005 Lisboa, Portugal
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De Lange G, Bouroumeau A, Coron E, Koessler T. Gastric squamous cell carcinoma: A rare malignancy, literature review and management recommendations (Review). Mol Clin Oncol 2023; 19:81. [PMID: 37719040 PMCID: PMC10502798 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2023.2677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer serves a major role in the global cancer burden, being the fourth most frequent cause of mortality among all types of cancer. Gastric squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) is a rare histological variant accounting for 0.04-0.5% of all gastric cancer cases. Diagnostic work-up of GSCC is essential and involves multiple criteria: i) Tumour not located in the cardia, ii) no oesophageal extension of the tumour, and iii) no evidence of SCC in any other part of the body. Little is known about this rare variant in terms of pathogenesis, risk factors or evolution. Consequently, neither the European Society of Medical Oncology nor the National Comprehensive Cancer Network societies have published recommendations for GSCC. The aim of the present review is to provide an in-depth analysis of the current literature on this pathology, from pathophysiological hypothesis and clinical presentation to diagnostic work-up and treatment trends, in order to establish a possible management algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn De Lange
- Medical School, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Antonin Bouroumeau
- Medical School, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Clinical Pathology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuel Coron
- Medical School, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Thibaud Koessler
- Medical School, University of Geneva, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
- Division of Medical Oncology, University Hospitals of Geneva, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
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Jakubik J, Majos A, Jesionek-Kupnicka D, Wrona E, Kaufman-Szymczyk A, Lubecka-Gajewska K, Jakubik J. An unusual non‑metastatic, mismatch repair‑deficient primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma presenting as a large, exophytic, bleeding tumor: A case report. Oncol Lett 2023; 25:82. [PMID: 36760516 PMCID: PMC9878355 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) is an extremely rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. Despite the improved knowledge regarding its pathogenesis and biology, the treatment options remain limited. The present study reported on the unique case of a mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) primary GSCC in a 79-year-old woman reporting fatigue and symptoms of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Physical examination revealed abdominal pain at palpation. Gastroscopy revealed a large, exophytic, bleeding tumor. Medical imaging confirmed a mushroom-like polyp in the lumen of the stomach, with no signs of disease spread. Total gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy were performed. Pathological examination of the post-operational material confirmed a well-differentiated SCC invading the mucosa, submucosa and muscle layer. There were no signs of dissemination observed in any of the 32 excised lymph nodes. Notably, according to the last follow-up, the patient remains well, supporting the 5-year GSCC survival rate statistics. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such GSCC case reported in the Surgical Oncology Outpatient Clinic (Copernicus Memorial Hospital, Lodz, Poland) and these findings add to the limited data on GSCC. Although this is a very rare condition, it should always be considered during the process of diagnosis of gastric tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagoda Jakubik
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland,International Doctoral School, Medical University of Lodz, 90-647 Lodz, Poland,Correspondence to: Ms. Jagoda Jakubik, Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka Street, 92-215 Lodz, Poland, E-mail:
| | - Alicja Majos
- Department of General and Transplant Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland
| | | | - Ewa Wrona
- Department of Chemotherapy, Medical University of Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kaufman-Szymczyk
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Lubecka-Gajewska
- Department of Biomedical Chemistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Jakubik
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 93-513 Lodz, Poland,Dr Jaroslaw Jakubik, Department of Surgical Oncology, Medical University of Lodz, 22 Pabianicka Street, 93-513 Lodz, Poland, E-mail:
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Kim JH, Kang CD, Lee K, Lim KH. Metachronous squamous cell carcinoma of pancreas and stomach in an elderly female patient: A case report. World J Clin Cases 2021; 9:9680-9685. [PMID: 34877306 PMCID: PMC8610886 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v9.i31.9680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in pancreas and stomach is a rare histologic subtype with aggressive behavior, poor prognosis, and no standardized therapy. Pancreatic SCC or gastric SCC has been previously reported. However, case of SCC occurring in both the pancreas and the stomach has not been reported yet.
CASE SUMMARY A 75-year-old female with prior history of hypertension and diabetes mellitus visited our hospital with complaint of abdominal pain that started three months ago. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen showed 3.3 cm mass at the distal pancreas. She received surgical resection which was histologically found to be SCC of the pancreas with clear resection margins. After she was discharged, she no longer visited the hospital. Three years later, she was referred to our hospital after showing abnormal findings on a gastroscopy performed at another hospital. Gastroscopy revealed a single, 2cm sized, ill-defined irregular flat and hyperemic mass at high body. Histologic finding of the mass was SCC. CT scan and positive emission tomography CT showed metastatic lesions to the liver and the peritoneum. She received combination chemotherapy with capecitabine and oxaliplatin. However, she passed away 6 mo after diagnosis of gastric SCC.
CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of metachronous SCC of stomach occurring after diagnosis of pancreatic SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon Do, South Korea
| | - Chang Don Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon Do, South Korea
| | - Kyungyul Lee
- Department of Pathology, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon Do, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Hyoung Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon 24341, Kangwon Do, South Korea
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Gao L, Tang X, Qu H, He Q, Sun G, Shi J, Ye J, Liang Y. Primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma presenting as a large submucosal mass: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22125. [PMID: 32899097 PMCID: PMC7478421 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is rarely encountered clinically. SCC, which presents as a submucosal tumor, is even rarer. Without the support of pathological evidence, it is difficult to make a correct preoperative diagnosis. Due to limited clinical data, the pathogenesis and treatment of gastric SCC remain unclear. PATIENT CONCERNS A 69-year-old man was admitted to our hospital with unexplained weight loss. Endoscopy revealed a submucosal mass without any ulcer on its surface located on the body of the stomach. The results of 2 gastroscopic mucosal biopsies were chronic inflammation. DIAGNOSES The clinical diagnosis by computed tomography (CT) and gastroscopy was gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) preoperatively. The postoperative pathological examination demonstrated this tumor as moderately differentiated SCC. INTERVENTIONS Total gastrectomy, distal pancreatectomy, and splenectomy were performed. OUTCOMES The patient was discharged 7 days after the surgery without any complications. The follow-up CT scan showed no evidence of metastatic disease 6 months after surgery. LESSONS Large primary gastric SCC could present as a submucosal mass. Gastroscopic mucosal biopsy may not be able to get tumor tissue due to inflammatory reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- Qilu Medical College of Shandong University
| | - Xiaolong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan China
| | - Hui Qu
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan China
| | - Qingsi He
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan China
| | - Guorui Sun
- Department of General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan China
| | - Jingbo Shi
- Qilu Medical College of Shandong University
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Zhou K, Faraz A, Magotra M, Tahir M. Exophytic primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma and H. pylori gastritis. BMJ Case Rep 2019; 12:12/7/e230310. [PMID: 31296623 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-230310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is rare, and the simultaneous Helicobacter pylori infection has not been reported in the literature. Here, we presented a patient with concurrent H. pylori gastritis and primary gastric SCC. A 54-year-old Hispanic man presented with diarrhoea, chills, night sweats and weight loss of 16 lbs for the previous 6 weeks. Abdominal CT revealed large exophytic mass from the stomach infiltrating multiple organs. Biopsy was performed and histology showed squamoid features. Immunohistochemistry stain was positive for p40, CK5/6, CK7 and Helicobacter type organisms. Patient was diagnosed with primary gastric SCC and has been receiving chemotherapy. We also reviewed the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of primary gastric SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehua Zhou
- Catholic Health Internal Medicine Training Program, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Aniqa Faraz
- Catholic Health Internal Medicine Training Program, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Muhammad Tahir
- Catholic Health Internal Medicine Training Program, University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Vailas MG, Syllaios A, Hasemaki N, Sotiropoulou M, Mpaili E, Sarlanis H, Felekouras E, Papalampros A. A type of neoplasia deadlier than gastric adenocarcinoma? Report of a case of primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma. World J Surg Oncol 2019; 17:113. [PMID: 31255175 PMCID: PMC6599270 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-019-1657-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely rare malignancy with few case reports reported so far in the current medical literature. Its incidence varies between 0.04 and 0.07% of all gastric malignancies with a male predominance in the sixth decade of life. It has been found that this type of malignancy has a more aggressive behavior and associated poorer prognosis, when compared to gastric adenocarcinoma. Thus, the most appropriate management of this kind of neoplasia is still debatable due to the small number of reported cases. Case presentation We report the case of a 66-year-old man who underwent total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy for an ulcerative lesion in the fundus of the stomach that turned out to be primary gastric squamous cell carcinoma. Conclusions Upon confirmation of this specific malignancy, the affected patients should be enrolled in strict follow-up protocols after curative surgery, since the risk for metastasis is high. Physicians should maintain high clinical suspicion in order to diagnose these tumors at an early stage, along with the need to rule out any other possible primary sites of squamous malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michail G Vailas
- 1st Surgical Department, Athens University School of Medicine, "Laiko" General Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Athanasios Syllaios
- 1st Surgical Department, Athens University School of Medicine, "Laiko" General Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Natasha Hasemaki
- 1st Surgical Department, Athens University School of Medicine, "Laiko" General Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Sotiropoulou
- 3rd Surgical Department, Evangelismos General Hospital, Ypsilantou 47, 10676, Athens, Greece
| | - Eustratia Mpaili
- 1st Surgical Department, Athens University School of Medicine, "Laiko" General Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Helen Sarlanis
- Pathology Department, Athens University School of Medicine, "Laiko" General Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Felekouras
- 1st Surgical Department, Athens University School of Medicine, "Laiko" General Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Papalampros
- 1st Surgical Department, Athens University School of Medicine, "Laiko" General Hospital, Agiou Thoma 17, 11527, Athens, Greece
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