|
1
|
Odebunmi CA, Adetunji TL, Adetunji AE, Olatunde A, Oluwole OE, Adewale IA, Ejiwumi AO, Iheme CE, Aremu TO. Ethnobotanical Survey of Medicinal Plants Used in the Treatment of COVID-19 and Related Respiratory Infections in Ogbomosho South and North Local Government Areas, Oyo State, Nigeria. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11192667. [PMID: 36235532 PMCID: PMC9573491 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has extensively spread worldwide with high mortality. Besides vaccination, the United States Food and Drug Administration approved only one oral medication as a treatment. Medicinal plants with antiviral and immunomodulatory properties could be explored as complementary treatments for COVID-19. Ogbomosho is home to such plants traditionally used to treat infectious diseases in Nigeria, making it relevant in complementary medicine. An ethnobotanical survey of medicinal plants used to treat COVID-19 and related ailments, including cough and flu in Ogbomosho South and North Local Government Areas, Nigeria, was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. Information was obtained from 56 participants, consisting of different groups of individuals with native knowledge of medicinal plants, and ethnobotanical indices, including the frequency of citation (FC), relative frequency of citation (RFC), and fidelity level (FL) were computed. Twenty-six medicinal plants (17 families) were used to treat COVID-19, 31 (20 families) for cough, and 29 (19 families) for flu. The most cited plant was Zingiber officinale (FC = 10; RFC = 0.18; FL = 18%) for treating COVID-19, Citrus limon (FC = 13; RFC = 0.23; FL = 23%) for cough, and Zingiber officinale (FC = 9; RFC = 0.16; FL = 16%) for flu. Leaves were the most used plant part for treating COVID-19 and flu, while the bark was the most used for cough. Trees and herbs were the most cited plant growth forms. The herbal remedies were mostly prepared by decoction and infusion and were mainly administered orally. Further research should be conducted on the identified species for the scientific validation of their antiviral and immunomodulatory efficacies and safety for use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Adeyinka Odebunmi
- Derived Guinea Savannah Research Station, Forestry Research Institute of Nigeria, Oke-Aduin, Ogbomosho P.O. Box 164, Nigeria
| | - Tomi Lois Adetunji
- Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management (UESM), Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Ahmed Olatunde
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Bauchi 740272, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin Esther Oluwole
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 1300 S. 2nd Street, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Idowu Ayodeji Adewale
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital, Old Jebba Road, Oke Ose, Ilorin 240001, Nigeria
| | - Abdulrasak Opeyemi Ejiwumi
- Department of Health Services Management and Policy, College of Public Health, East Tennessee State University, 3rd Floor Sherrod Library, Johnson City, TN 37614, USA
| | - Chinwenwa Esther Iheme
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Taiwo Opeyemi Aremu
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems (PCHS), College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| |
Collapse
|