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Alshammari SA, Alrasheed SS, Alruhaimi WA, Albnyan AI, Alruhaimi B, Hajj M. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Standard Infection Control Precautions Among Medical Students at King Khalid University Hospital. Cureus 2024; 16:e62768. [PMID: 39036126 PMCID: PMC11260109 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.62768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare-associated infection (HAI) risk extends beyond patients to healthcare workers and medical students. However, many HAIs are preventable by adhering to standard infection control precautions (SICPs). This study assesses medical students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding SICPs at the College of Medicine, King Saud University. Methodology A cross-sectional study was undertaken at the College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, involving interns and medical students from years 1 to 5. The researchers constructed and validated an electronic questionnaire, which was used for data collection from December 2022 to June 2023. The estimated sample size was 371 students and interns, stratified by sex and educational level. The data collected included demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding SICPs. Results Out of 371 participants, approximately a quarter (25.1%) had a good knowledge score, 25.6% had a positive attitude, and 26.7% had good infection control practice. There was an association between good knowledge and male gender; being in clinical years 3, 4, 5, and interns; and attending infection control training (p < 0.05). A significant difference in practice was noted among females (p = 0.002). Conclusions This study showed low-to-moderate knowledge, attitude, and practice toward SICPs. These findings indicate a gap between the recommended guidelines and their implementation in healthcare settings, highlighting the necessity for integrating infection control education throughout the medical curriculum. Further research involving a larger sample from multiple institutions is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaiman A Alshammari
- Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Shahad S Alrasheed
- Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Wojoud A Alruhaimi
- Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Aljoharah I Albnyan
- Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | - Maryam Hajj
- Infectious Diseases, King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
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Aldawsari M, Soh KL, Abdul Raman R, Mohd Taib N, Aboshaiqah A. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Hand Hygiene among Healthcare Workers Caring for Children with Leukaemia in the Paediatric Oncology Ward of King Saud Medical City, Saudi Arabia. Malays J Med Sci 2023; 30:116-131. [PMID: 37655141 PMCID: PMC10467590 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2023.30.4.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hands are the most common vehicle of pathogen transmission in a healthcare setting. Therefore, hand hygiene is the leading method of reducing healthcare-associated infections. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of hand hygiene and predictors for poor hand hygiene practice among healthcare workers who care for children with leukaemia in the paediatric oncology ward of King Saud Medical City (KSMC) in Saudi Arabia. Methods One hundred and ninety medical doctors and nurses, who were registered with the Saudi Commission for Health Specialities, were selected to participate in this cross-sectional study using a simple sampling technique. Their KAP of hand hygiene was assessed using a self-structured questionnaire and the collected data was analysed using IBM® SPSS® version 26.0. Results Of the 190 healthcare workers, 74.7% were nurses and 25.3% were medical doctors. Among the participants, 53.7% (102) had good knowledge of hand hygiene, 51.6% (98) had positive attitudes towards hand hygiene and 55.8% (106) practised satisfactory hand hygiene. Bachelor education level (adjusted OR = 2.736; 95% CI = 1.101, 6.799; P = 0.030), postgraduate education level (adjusted OR = 6.256; 95% CI = 2.171, 18.028; P = 0.001), poor knowledge (adjusted OR =2.575; 95% CI = 1.263, 5.246; P = 0.009) and negative attitude (adjusted OR = 4.702; 95% CI = 1.263, 5.246; P < 0.001) were the significant predictor variables of unsatisfactory hand hygiene practice among healthcare workers. Conclusion The performance of hand hygiene among healthcare workers is still far less than optimal, particularly in settings like oncology units. Effective programmes are needed to increase their awareness of hand hygiene KAP, while strict guidelines are needed to reduce nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujibah Aldawsari
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim Lam Soh
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosna Abdul Raman
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Niazlin Mohd Taib
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
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Handwashing Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices among Students in Eastern Province Schools, Saudi Arabia. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 2021:6638443. [PMID: 34567132 PMCID: PMC8457965 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6638443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background. Lack of knowledge about appropriate handwashing practices has caused great concerns for human health, especially in the risk of many communicable diseases. The objective of the current study is to determine the level of handwashing knowledge, attitudes, and practices among school students in Eastern Province Schools, Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey was recruited from November 2019 to March 2020 to assess the level of the students' handwashing knowledge. A reliable questionnaire was prepared (Cronbach's alpha = 0.608) and conducted using a two-stage sampling technique. A total of 271 students participated in the study from primary, middle, and high schools; 80% were boys, most of whom displayed an acceptable level of knowledge on hand hygiene. Nearly 75% and 74% of boys and girls, respectively, gained knowledge about hand hygiene practices from their parents. Only 46% of the students thought that handwashing is a potential protective measure against diseases, whereas 34% thought it only removes dirt. Prevalence of handwashing with soap after using the toilet was recognized among 52% of the students. Additionally, 93% of the students used water and soap to wash their hands (p value < 0.001) and 97% suggested that soap and water are the best methods to wash their hands (p value < 0.001). There was a positive correlation between the mother's education and hand hygiene practices (p value = 0.044). Results collectively indicated that handwashing knowledge and practices among school students in the Eastern Province are acceptable interventions in preventing the transmission of infectious diseases such as COVID-19. Indeed, further improvement conducted through specific health education programs to emphasize the role of handwashing in health hygiene is highly recommended.
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Bakarman MA, Baig M, Malik AA, Gazzaz ZJ, Mostafa MM, Zayed MA, Balubaid AS, Alzahrani AK. Hand hygiene knowledge and attitude of medical students in western Saudi Arabia. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6823. [PMID: 31086744 PMCID: PMC6487179 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The practice of hand hygiene (HH) has prime importance among Health Care Professionals (HCPs) and non-compliance could cause adverse consequences. By keeping the importance of HH in mind, this study aims at investigating the knowledge and attitudes towards HH among medical students and interns at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia (SA). Methods The study includes 453 medical students and interns (189 males & 264 females). This study was completed in three months; from September to November 2017. The World Health Organization (WHO) HH questionnaire was used and data were analyzed on SPSS-21. Results Two-third of the participants 292 (64.2%) had formal training in HH in the last three years. Almost half of the participants 254 (56.1%) had correct knowledge regarding the major course of transmission of potentially detrimental microbes among patients in the healthcare premises. Just 124 (27.4%) of the respondents had the correct knowledge about the most common basis of germs accountable for healthcare-related infections. Females had significantly better knowledge than males regarding the type of HH technique needed before palpation of the abdomen (177(54%) Vs. 151(46%); P < 0.002), before an injection (175(54.5%) Vs. 146(45.5%); P < 0.007), after emptying a bedpan (207(64.7%) Vs. 113(35.3%); P < 0.001), following discarding examination gloves (256(60.4% Vs. 168(39.6%); P < 0.001] and after exposure to blood (200(64.1%) Vs. 112(35.%); P < 0.001). Female participants had better knowledge than males regarding the type of HH actions. Females also had a significantly better attitude towards the importance of HH than males (240(62.5%) Vs. 144(37.5%); P < 0.001). Conclusion The majority of the participants' knowledge regarding HH was not up to the mark; however, female students had better knowledge compared to male students. The medical students and interns' knowledge and positive attitude towards HH can play a pivotal role in preventing HCPs associated infections and it would overall decrease the infection-related burden on the hospital and governmental budgets. It is suggested that multi-dimensional plans are required to change this low compliance to a higher rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan A Bakarman
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukhtiar Baig
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad A Malik
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zohair J Gazzaz
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa M Mostafa
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Zayed
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz S Balubaid
- Sixth-year Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed K Alzahrani
- Sixth-year Medical Students, Faculty of Medicine, Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Al Wutayd O, AlRehaili A, AlSafrani K, Abalkhail A, AlEidi SM. Current Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practice of Medical Students Regarding the Risk of Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Control Measures at Qassim University. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:435-439. [PMID: 30834016 PMCID: PMC6390161 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Medical students are exposed to occupational health hazards in hospitals during their studies and lack sufficient education about infection control measures. Injury to medical students is a substantial problem and students have an increased risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV). To understand how medical students think about infection control, it is important to identify the strengths and weaknesses of their education. AIM: To assess current knowledge, attitudes, and practice of medical students regarding HBV infection and control measures at Qassim University, Saudi Arabia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a medical college. Participants completed a 39-item self-administered questionnaire assessing demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practice. Item response frequencies were calculated. Responses were recorded into yes (strongly agree and agree) and no (neutral, disagree, and strongly disagree) answers. Correct responses were totalled and categorised as good or poor performance. A scale cut-off of less than 75% correct responses was considered poor, and 75% or more correct responses was considered good. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated, and the chi-square test was used for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 21%, 41%, and 8% of students expressed good knowledge, attitudes, and practice, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between males and females on knowledge (p = 0.089), attitudes (p = 0.829), and practice (p = 0.248). There was a statistically significant difference between academic years on knowledge (p = 0.0001), attitudes (p = 0.0001), and practice (p = 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Most medical students have poor knowledge, attitudes, and practice regarding the risk of HBV infection. It is recommended that a policy is implemented for training on infection prevention for all medical students before they start clinical practice. Prevention programs about HBV infection should be instituted, and existing programs must be strengthened.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Al Wutayd
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
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Ra’awji BAA, Almogbel ES, Alharbi LA, Alotaibi AK, Al-Qazlan FA, Saquib J. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of health-care workers regarding hand hygiene guidelines in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia: A multicenter study. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2018; 12:3-8. [PMID: 29599687 PMCID: PMC5870328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hand hygiene is one of the most important ways to reduce the prevalence of nosocomial infections, morbidity, mortality, and health-care costs among hospitalized patients worldwide. OBJECTIVES We addressed this study to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding hand hygiene guidelines among health-care workers. METHODS A multicenter cross-sectional study conducted from October to December 2015 including three hospitals in Al-Qassim, Saudi Arabia. A total of 354 participants completed a self-administered survey on knowledge, attitudes, and practices of hand hygiene. Analysis of variance was used to compare knowledge level across age, gender, profession, and hospitals. All analyses were performed with SPSS, version 21. RESULTS Overall, the average knowledge score was 63%. There were significant differences in knowledge level across groups. Health-care workers over the age of 30 had higher scores than those younger than 30. Health-care workers at the tertiary hospital had higher scores than those at the secondary hospitals. Nearly, all reported positive attitudes toward hand hygiene as well as adhering to the guidelines regularly. Further, they reported that soap and water were the most common agents for cleaning hands. CONCLUSION The study findings indicate that there are gaps in the knowledge, which could be addressed with brief and more frequent training sessions, particularly in the secondary hospitals. However, the hand hygiene guidelines are well-known by the staff and well promoted in the hospitals reflected by the positive attitudes. Further improvements in adherence to the hand hygiene guidelines will continue to decrease the likelihood of nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ebtehal Solaiman Almogbel
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,Address for Correspondence: Dr. Ebtehal Solaiman Al-Mogbel, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Almulaida, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | | | | | | | - Juliann Saquib
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Al Kuwaiti A. Impact of a multicomponent hand hygiene intervention strategy in reducing infection rates at a university hospital in Saudi Arabia. Interv Med Appl Sci 2017; 9:137-143. [PMID: 29201437 PMCID: PMC5700699 DOI: 10.1556/1646.9.2017.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Few studies have reported the correlation between hand hygiene (HH) practices and infection rates in Saudi Arabia. This work was aimed to study the effect of a multicomponent HH intervention strategy in improving HH compliance and reducing infection rates at King Fahd Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia between January 2014 and December 2016. METHODS A yearlong multicomponent HH intervention, which included various strategies recommended by the World Health Organization, was introduced. HH compliance among staff and infection rates observed in the inpatient wards were assessed and compared at pre- and post-interventional phases. RESULTS There was a significant increase in mean HH compliance from 50.17% to 71.75% after the intervention (P < 0.05). Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) rates decreased from 3.37 to 2.59 and from 3.73 to 1.75, respectively (P < 0.05). HH compliance was found to be negatively correlated with HAI (r = -0.278) and CAUTI (r = -0.523) rates. CONCLUSIONS Results show that multicomponent intervention is effective in improving HH compliance, and that an increase in HH compliance among hospital staff decreases infection rates. Further studies on cost-effectiveness of such a model could augment to these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Al Kuwaiti
- Deanship of Quality and Academic Accreditation, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (Formerly University of Dammam), Al-Khobar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Santosaningsih D, Erikawati D, Santoso S, Noorhamdani N, Ratridewi I, Candradikusuma D, Chozin IN, Huwae TECJ, van der Donk G, van Boven E, Voor In 't Holt AF, Verbrugh HA, Severin JA. Intervening with healthcare workers' hand hygiene compliance, knowledge, and perception in a limited-resource hospital in Indonesia: a randomized controlled trial study. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2017; 6:23. [PMID: 28239452 PMCID: PMC5312519 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-017-0179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hand hygiene is recognized as an important measure to prevent healthcare-associated infections. Hand hygiene adherence among healthcare workers is associated with their knowledge and perception. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of three different educational programs on improving hand hygiene compliance, knowledge, and perception among healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital in Indonesia. Methods The study was performed from May to October 2014 and divided into a pre-intervention, intervention, and post-intervention phase. This cluster randomized controlled trial allocated the implementation of three interventions to the departments, including role model training-pediatrics, active presentation-surgery, a combination of role model training and active presentation-internal medicine, and a control group-obstetrics-gynecology. Both direct observation and knowledge-perception survey of hand hygiene were performed using WHO tools. Results Hand hygiene compliance was observed during 2,766 hand hygiene opportunities, and knowledge-perception was assessed among 196 participants in the pre-intervention and 88 in the post-intervention period. After intervention, the hand hygiene compliance rate improved significantly in pediatrics (24.1% to 43.7%; P < 0.001), internal medicine (5.2% to 18.5%; P < 0.001), and obstetrics-gynecology (10.1% to 20.5%; P < 0.001). The nurses’ incorrect use of hand rub while wearing gloves increased as well (P < 0.001). The average knowledge score improved from 5.6 (SD = 2.1) to 6.2 (SD = 1.9) (P < 0.05). In the perception survey, “strong smell of hand alcohol” as a reason for non-compliance increased significantly in the departments with intervention (10.1% to 22.9%; P = 0.021). Conclusion The educational programs improved the hand hygiene compliance and knowledge among healthcare workers in two out of three intervention departments in a limited-resource hospital in Indonesia. Role model training had the most impact in this setting. However, adjustments to the strategy are necessary to further improve hand hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dewi Santosaningsih
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia.,Infection Prevention and Control Committee, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, 3015 CE The Netherlands
| | - Dewi Erikawati
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Sanarto Santoso
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Noorhamdani Noorhamdani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University/Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia.,Infection Prevention and Control Committee, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Irene Ratridewi
- Infection Prevention and Control Committee, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Didi Candradikusuma
- Infection Prevention and Control Committee, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Iin N Chozin
- Infection Prevention and Control Committee, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Thomas E C J Huwae
- Infection Prevention and Control Committee, Dr. Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang, Indonesia
| | - Gwen van der Donk
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, 3015 CE The Netherlands
| | - Eva van Boven
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, 3015 CE The Netherlands
| | - Anne F Voor In 't Holt
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, 3015 CE The Netherlands
| | - Henri A Verbrugh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, 3015 CE The Netherlands
| | - Juliëtte A Severin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, 3015 CE The Netherlands
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