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Cancarevic I, Nassar M, Foster A, Umar Z, Parikh A, Ahammed MR, Shaban L, Abosheaishaa H, Mergen D, Amin T, Ozkan BI, Sánchez Ruiz AM, Hosna A, ul Rasool MH, Ahmed N, Ayotunde F, Ashfaq S, Lopez R, Rizzo V. Electrolyte disturbances in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 infection: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37749. [PMID: 38758907 PMCID: PMC11098206 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
There are multiple mechanisms by which The Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) infection can cause electrolyte abnormalities, which may not be the case for bacterial causes of pneumonia. This study aimed to assess the differences in electrolyte levels between patients suffering from COVID-19 and bacterial pneumonia. This is an original, retrospective study. Two cohorts of hospitalized patients were included, 1 suffering from COVID-19 and the other from bacterial pneumonia. Their day 1 and day 3 levels of sodium, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorus, as well as their outcomes, were extracted from the charts. Statistical analysis was subsequently performed. Mean admission levels of sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium were 135.64 ± 6.13, 4.38 ± 0.69, 3.53 ± 0.69, and 2.03 ± 0.51, respectively. The mean day 3 levels of these electrolytes were 138.3 ± 5.06, 4.18 ± 0.59, 3.578 ± 0.59, and 2.11 ± 0.64, respectively. Patients suffering from bacterial pneumonia were significantly older (N = 219, mean = 64.88 ± 15.99) than patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (N = 240, mean = 57.63 ± 17.87). Bacterial pneumonia group had significantly higher serum potassium (N = 211, mean = 4.51 ± 0.76), and magnesium (N = 115, mean = 2.12 ± 0.60) levels compared to COVID-19 group (N = 227, mean = 4.254 ± 0.60 for potassium and N = 118, mean = 1.933 ± 0.38 for magnesium). Only magnesium was significantly higher among day 3 electrolytes in the bacterial pneumonia group. No significant association between electrolyte levels and outcomes was seen. We found that COVID-19 patients had lower potassium and magnesium levels on admission, possibly due to the effect of COVID-19 on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system as well as patient characteristics and management. We did not find enough evidence to recommend using electrolyte levels as a determinator of prognosis, but more research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Cancarevic
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health and Hospitals, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Mahmoud Nassar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Allison Foster
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health and Hospitals, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Zaryab Umar
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health and Hospitals, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Avish Parikh
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health and Hospitals, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Md Ripon Ahammed
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health and Hospitals, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Lilia Shaban
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health and Hospitals, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Hazem Abosheaishaa
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health and Hospitals, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Damla Mergen
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health and Hospitals, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Toka Amin
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health and Hospitals, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Bike Ilayda Ozkan
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health and Hospitals, Queens, NY, USA
| | | | - Asma Hosna
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health and Hospitals, Queens, NY, USA
| | | | - Nazaakat Ahmed
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health and Hospitals, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Fatima Ayotunde
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health and Hospitals, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Salman Ashfaq
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health and Hospitals, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Ricardo Lopez
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health and Hospitals, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Vincent Rizzo
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NYC Health and Hospitals, Queens, NY, USA
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