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Lin Z, Chu B, Qu Y, Wei X, Huang J, Wang F, Feng Y, Wang X, Luo H, Zhai X, Xu J, Liu X, Zhang L, Chen F, Wu Y, Zheng Y. Liposome-Encapsulated Melphalan Exhibits Potent Antimyeloma Activity and Reduced Toxicity. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:1693-1701. [PMID: 36643473 PMCID: PMC9835516 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell cancer in bone marrow, remains an incurable disease. Melphalan, an alkylating agent, is a conventional anticancer drug that is still widely used for MM treatment in clinics. However, melphalan-induced organ toxicity and side effects are common. In this study, we loaded melphalan into a liposomal capsule and constituted liposomal melphalan (liposomal MEL). Liposomal MEL particles were approximately 120 nm in size and stable in vitro. The liposomal particles could be effectively taken up by MM cells. In vitro cytotoxicity assays using MM cell lines and primary MM cells showed that liposomal MEL exhibited similar anti-MM activity compared to an equivalent amount of free melphalan (free MEL) compound. In animal models, liposomal particles had bone marrow enrichment and prolonged half-life in vivo. Liposomal MEL exposure resulted in less liver and colon organ toxicity than exposure to an equivalent amount of free MEL-treated mice. Importantly, liposomal MEL had potent anti-MM activity in vivo in a human MM xenograft mouse model. Overall, our findings suggested that liposome-encapsulated melphalan was an effective drug modification of the melphalan compound and showed promise in MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimei Lin
- Department
of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
- Department
of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of
Chengdu University, Chengdu610081, P. R. China
| | - Bingyang Chu
- State
Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, P. R. China
| | - Ying Qu
- Department
of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan610041, P. R. China
| | - Xue Wei
- Department
of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
| | - Jingcao Huang
- Department
of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Department
of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
| | - Yu Feng
- Department
of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department
of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Department
of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Zhai
- Department
of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
| | - Juan Xu
- Department
of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department
of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department
of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
| | - Fengjiao Chen
- Department
of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
| | - Yu Wu
- Department
of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
| | - Yuhuan Zheng
- Department
of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan
University, Chengdu610041, P. R. China
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Kumazoe M, Fujimura Y, Yoshitomi R, Shimada Y, Tachibana H. Fustin, a Flavanonol, Synergically Potentiates the Anticancer Effect of Green Tea Catechin Epigallocatechin-3- O-Gallate with Activation of the eNOS/cGMP Axis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3458-3466. [PMID: 35212538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCG), a catechin present in green tea, selectively elicits apoptosis in multiple myeloma cells by activating the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) axis. However, the effects of EGCG alone are limited. Herein, we revealed that fustin, a flavanonol, enhances the EGCG-elicited activation of the cGMP/eNOS axis in multiple myeloma cells. Isobologram analysis demonstrated that EGCG/fustin synergistically elicited cell death in multiple myeloma cells. Importantly, this chemical combination significantly promoted cell death without affecting the normal cells. To assess the effects of EGCG and fustin in vivo, female BALB/c mice were inoculated with multiple myeloma MPC11 cells and then treated with each compound. The combination of EGCG/fustin suppressed tumor growth in vivo without affecting alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase levels, the dose-limiting toxicity of EGCG. Consistent with in vitro findings, this combination increased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 in the tumor. Collectively, fustin amplified EGCG-induced activation of the eNOS/cGMP axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motofumi Kumazoe
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Fujimura
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ren Yoshitomi
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yu Shimada
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Tachibana
- Division of Applied Biological Chemistry, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Kaweme NM, Changwe GJ, Zhou F. Approaches and Challenges in the Management of Multiple Myeloma in the Very Old: Future Treatment Prospects. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:612696. [PMID: 33718400 PMCID: PMC7947319 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.612696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of geriatric patients with multiple myeloma has elevated concerns in clinical practice. While the introduction of novel therapeutic agents has substantially improved outcomes in younger patients with myeloma, poorer outcomes remain in older patients. Managing older patients requires a multidisciplinary team approach to consider factors that may influence both treatment selection and outcomes. Aging is associated with remodeling of vital organs, physiological downregulations of basal metabolism, susceptibility to multiple comorbidities with ultimate frailty, thereby contributing to the underrepresentation and exclusion of very old patients from clinical trials. Therefore, timely confirmation of a precise diagnosis is crucial for prompt initiation of treatment if the desired outcome is to be achieved. Adequate and judicious assessment using comprehensive geriatric assessment tools minimizes toxicities and treatment discontinuation. Initiating treatment with combinational therapy requires knowledge of indications and anticipated outcomes, as well as individualized therapy with appropriate dose-adjustment. Individualized therapy based on good clinical acumen and best practices obverts unwanted polypharmacy, preventing iatrogenic harm. This review will therefore address the approaches and challenges faced in managing myeloma in geriatric patients aged 80 years and older, highlighting recommended therapeutic strategies and future prospective regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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