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Cheng F, Huang H, Yin S, Liu JS, Sun P. Expression and functional implications of YME1L in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:423. [PMID: 38890304 PMCID: PMC11189534 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06811-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Mitochondria play a crucial role in the progression of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). YME1L, a member of the AAA ATPase family, is a key regulator of mitochondrial function and has been implicated in various cellular processes and diseases. This study investigates the expression and functional significance of YME1L in NPC. YME1L exhibits significant upregulation in NPC tissues from patients and across various primary human NPC cells, while its expression remains relatively low in adjacent normal tissues and primary nasal epithelial cells. Employing genetic silencing through the shRNA strategy or knockout (KO) via the CRISPR-sgRNA method, we demonstrated that YME1L depletion disrupted mitochondrial function, leading to mitochondrial depolarization, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, lipid peroxidation, and ATP reduction within primary NPC cells. Additionally, YME1L silencing or KO substantially impeded cell viability, proliferation, cell cycle progression, and migratory capabilities, concomitant with an augmentation of Caspase-apoptosis activation in primary NPC cells. Conversely, ectopic YME1L expression conferred pro-tumorigenic attributes, enhancing ATP production and bolstering NPC cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, our findings illuminate the pivotal role of YME1L in Akt-mTOR activation within NPC cells, with Akt-S6K phosphorylation exhibiting a significant decline upon YME1L depletion but enhancement upon YME1L overexpression. In YME1L-silenced primary NPC cells, the introduction of a constitutively-active Akt1 mutant (caAkt1, at S473D) restored Akt-S6K phosphorylation, effectively ameliorating the inhibitory effects imposed by YME1L shRNA. In vivo studies revealed that intratumoral administration of YME1L-shRNA-expressing adeno-associated virus (AAV) curtailed subcutaneous NPC xenograft growth in nude mice. Furthermore, YME1L downregulation, concurrent with mitochondrial dysfunction and ATP reduction, oxidative injury, Akt-mTOR inactivation, and apoptosis induction were evident within YME1L-silenced NPC xenograft tissues. Collectively, these findings shed light on the notable pro-tumorigenic role by overexpressed YME1L in NPC, with a plausible mechanism involving the promotion of Akt-mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuwei Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiping Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shiyao Yin
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ji-Sheng Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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2
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Shen Y, Zhou R, Bi L, Huang G, Yang M, Li Z, Yao J, Xian J, Qiu Y, Ye P, Liu Y, Hou Y, Jin H, Wang Y. Synthesis and Evaluation of [ 64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn for PET Imaging of Transferrin Receptor 1 Expression in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:17423-17431. [PMID: 38645324 PMCID: PMC11024937 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
As recurrent and metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is the most common cause of death among patients with NPC, there is an urgent clinical need for the development of precision diagnosis to guide personalized treatment. Recent emerging evidence substantiates the increased expression of transferrin receptor 1 (also known as cluster of differentiation 71, CD71) within tumor tissues and the inherent targeting capability of natural heavy-chain ferritin (HFn) toward CD71. This study aimed to synthesize and assess a radiotracer ([64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn) designed to target CD71 for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in an NPC tumor-bearing mouse model. The entire radiolabeling process of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn was completed within 15 min with high yield (>98.5%) and high molar activity (72.96 ± 21.33 GBq/μmol). The in vitro solubility and stability experiments indicated that [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn had a high water solubility (log P = -2.42 ± 0.52, n = 6) and good stability in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) for up to 48 h. The cell saturation binding assay indicated that [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn had a nanomolar affinity (Kd = 10.9 ± 6.1 nM) for CD71-overexpressing C666-1 cells. To test the target engagement in vivo, prolonged-time PET imaging was performed at 1, 6, 12, 24, and 36 h postinjection (p.i.) of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn to C666-1 NPC tumor-bearing mice. The C666-1 tumors could be visualized by [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn and blocked by nonradiolabeled HFn. PET imaging quantitative analysis demonstrated that the uptake of [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn in C666-1 tumors peaked at 6 h p.i. and the best radioactive tumor-to-muscle ratio was 10.53 ± 3.11 (n = 3). Ex vivo biodistribution assay at 6 h p.i. showed that the tumor uptakes were 1.43 ± 0.23%ID/g in the nonblock group and 0.92 ± 0.2%ID/g in the block group (n = 3, p < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence staining confirmed positive expression of CD71 and the uptake of HFn in C666-1 tumor tissues. In conclusion, our experiments demonstrated that [64Cu]Cu-NOTA-HFn possesses a very high target engagement for CD71-positive NPC tumors and provided a fundamental basis for further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfang Shen
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Renwei Zhou
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Lei Bi
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Guolong Huang
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Min Yang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Zhijun Li
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Jijin Yao
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Jianzhong Xian
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yifan Qiu
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Peizhen Ye
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yongshan Liu
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Yuyi Hou
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Hongjun Jin
- Guangdong
Provincial Engineering Research Center of Molecular Imaging, The Fifth
Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
- Guangdong-Hong
Kong-Macao University Joint Laboratory of Interventional Medicine,
The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen
University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department
of Nuclear Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
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Gao J, Huang W, Zhao S, Wang R, Wang Z, Ye J, Lin L, Cai W, Mi Y. Polo-like kinase 1 inhibitor NMS-P937 represses nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression via induction of mitotic abnormalities. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2024; 38:e23590. [PMID: 38037286 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) inhibitor NMS-P937 is a targeted therapeutic agent with good preclinical efficacy in various human cancers, and its therapeutic effect on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains to be determined. Here, to explore biological activity of NMS-P937 in NPC, multiple types of NPC cells were utilized. We tested IC50 values, carried out flow cytometry, western blot analysis analysis, immunofluorescence, and constructed subcutaneous xenograft mouse models. We found that treatment with NMS-P937 increased the proportion of G2/M phase NPC cells, where CyclinB1 expression was upregulated and CyclinE1 expression was downregulated. Besides, NMS-P937 treatment-induced NPC cell apoptosis with increased cleavage of PARP and caspase-3. Mechanistically, NMS-P937 treatment led to aberrant mitosis, causing increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine partially reversed ROS levels induced by NMS-P937. Furthermore, NMS-P937 administration restrained NPC xenografts growth in nude mice. Overall, NMS-P937 suppressed NPC cell proliferation and increased ROS levels, causing cell cycle abnormalities and apoptosis. NMS-P937 holds great promise as a therapeutic agent for treating nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Gao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Weirong Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Thoracic Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Lung Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Senxia Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Thoracic Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Lung Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Rong Wang
- School of Medicine, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhilin Wang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Teaching Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Juanping Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Thoracic Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Lung Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Lie Lin
- Department of Radiotherapy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian, China
| | - Weifeng Cai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Thoracic Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Lung Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - Yanjun Mi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Xiamen Key Laboratory of Thoracic Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, School of Clinical Medicine, Institute of Lung Cancer, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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4
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Yin DP, Zhang H, Teng H, Zhang D, Chen P, Xie L, Liu JS. Overexpressed Gαi1 exerts pro-tumorigenic activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:792. [PMID: 38049415 PMCID: PMC10696052 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-06308-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The current study tested the expression and potential functions of Gαi1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database results demonstrate that Gαi1 transcripts' number in NPC tissues is significantly higher than that in the normal nasal epithelial tissues. Its overexpression correlates with poor survival in certain NPC patients. Moreover, Gαi1 is significantly upregulated in NPC tissues of local primary patients and in different primary human NPC cells. Whereas its expression is relatively low in cancer-surrounding normal tissues and in primary nasal epithelial cells. Genetic silencing (via shRNA strategy) or knockout (via CRISPR-sgRNA method) of Gαi1 substantially suppressed viability, proliferation, cell cycle progression, and migration in primary NPC cells, causing significant caspase-apoptosis activation. Contrarily, ectopic Gαi1 expression exerted pro-tumorigenic activity and strengthened cell proliferation and migration in primary NPC cells. Gαi1 is important for Akt-mTOR activation in NPC cells. Akt-S6K phosphorylation was downregulated after Gαi1 shRNA or KO in primary NPC cells, but strengthened following Gαi1 overexpression. In Gαi1-silenced primary NPC cells, a S473D constitutively-active mutant Akt1 (caAkt1) restored Akt-S6K phosphorylation and ameliorated Gαi1 shRNA-induced proliferation inhibition, migration reduction and apoptosis. Bioinformatics analyses proposed zinc finger protein 384 (ZNF384) as a potential transcription factor of Gαi1. In primary NPC cells, ZNF384 shRNA or knockout (via CRISPR-sgRNA method) decreased Gαi1 mRNA and protein expression, whereas ZNF384 overexpression upregulated it. Importantly, there was an increased binding between ZNF384 protein and the Gαi1 promoter in human NPC tissues and different NPC cells. In vivo studies showed that intratumoral injection of Gαi1-shRNA-expressing adeno-associated virus (AAV) impeded subcutaneous NPC xenograft growth in nude mice. Gαi1 downregulation, Akt-mTOR inactivation, and apoptosis induction were detected in Gαi1-silenced NPC xenograft tissues. Gαi1 KO also effectively inhibited the growth of NPC xenografts in nude mice. Together, overexpressed Gαi1 exerts pro-tumorigenic activity in NPC possibly by promoting Akt-mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- De-Pei Yin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huanle Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Teng
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Peipei Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Lixiao Xie
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Ji-Sheng Liu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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5
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Zhou Z, Zheng K, Zhou S, Yang Y, Chen J, Jin X. E3 ubiquitin ligases in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and implications for therapies. J Mol Med (Berl) 2023; 101:1543-1565. [PMID: 37796337 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-023-02376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is one of the most common squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck, and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is one of the pathogenic factors involved in the oncogenetic development and progression of NPC. E3 ligases, which are key members of the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS), specifically recognize various oncogenic factors and tumor suppressors and contribute to determining their fate through ubiquitination. Several studies have demonstrated that E3 ligases are aberrantly expressed and mutated in NPC and that these changes are closely associated with the occurrence and progression of NPC. Herein, we aim to thoroughly review the specific action mechanisms by which E3 ligases participate in NPC signaling pathways and discuss their functional relationship with EBV. Moreover, we describe the current progress in and limitations for targeted therapies against E3 ligases in NPC. KEY MESSAGES: • E3 ubiquitin ligases, as members of the UPS system, determine the fate of their substrates and may act either as oncogenic or anti-tumorigenic factors in NPC. • Mutations or dysregulated expression of E3 ubiquitin ligases is closely related to the occurrence, development, and therapeutic sensitivity of NPC, as they play important roles in several signaling pathways affected by EBV infection. • As promising therapeutic targets, E3 ligases may open new avenues for treatment and for improving the prognosis of NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhou
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Kaifeng Zheng
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Shao Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China
| | - Youxiong Yang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Ningbo Yinzhou Second Hospital, Ningbo, 315199, China.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jin
- Department of Chemoradiotherapy, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315040, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Health Science Center of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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6
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Yang G, Zhou J, Guo Z, Fan L, Chen B, Zhang D, Wen H. miR-26b Targets CEP135 Gene to Regulate Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Proliferation and Migration by NF-κB Pathway. Mol Biotechnol 2023; 65:1857-1868. [PMID: 36820950 PMCID: PMC10518290 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00691-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
To screen microRNAs (miRNAs) and analyze their role in the nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) development through differential analysis and cytological validation of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma dataset. The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database of NPC-related data were utilized to screen for differential miRNAs, downstream target genes and relevant pathways, and the relationships among them were verified by luciferase reporter assay and cell co-culture. To analyze the function of miRNAs and downstream target genes, a series of mimics, inhibitors or Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the downstream target genes were transfected into NPC cells or normal epithelial cells by cell transfection techniques. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK8), Transwell, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) apoptosis, and western blotting were adopted to determine the changes in cell activity, invasiveness, and apoptosis after differential miRNA and target gene overexpression or downregulation. Differential analysis of miRNA dataset showed that the expression of miR-26b was significantly downregulated in NPC, in agreement with the validation results of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines. And downregulation of miR-26b expression in normal nasopharyngeal epithelial cells transformed the cells to tumors. CEP135 was identified as the miR-26b downstream target gene by mRNA dataset analysis, and a luciferase reporter test revealed a direct targeting link between the two. Upregulation of CEP135 levels in nasopharyngeal cancer cell lines increased cell activity, accelerated cell migration, and inhibited apoptosis. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis revealed that CEP135 exerted the above effects on cells via the NF-κB pathway, and co-culture with NF-κB pathway blockers reversed cell biological behavior to the level of the control group. MiR-26b downregulation leads to CEP135 overexpression and NF-κB pathway activation in NPC, which enhances proliferation, migration, and prevents apoptosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Therefore, the study further clarifies the biological behavior mechanism of NPC and suggests new therapeutic options for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangrun Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, China
| | - Jiafu Zhou
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Tiefeng District, 27 Taishun Street, Qiqihar City 161000, China
| | - Zhong Guo
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Tiefeng District, 27 Taishun Street, Qiqihar City 161000, China
| | - Lixia Fan
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Tiefeng District, 27 Taishun Street, Qiqihar City 161000, China
| | - Bowen Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Tiefeng District, 27 Taishun Street, Qiqihar City 161000, China
| | - Dapeng Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Tiefeng District, 27 Taishun Street, Qiqihar City 161000, China
| | - Haitao Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University, Tiefeng District, 27 Taishun Street, Qiqihar City 161000, China.
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Juarez-Vignon Whaley JJ, Afkhami M, Onyshchenko M, Massarelli E, Sampath S, Amini A, Bell D, Villaflor VM. Recurrent/Metastatic Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment from Present to Future: Where Are We and Where Are We Heading? Curr Treat Options Oncol 2023; 24:1138-1166. [PMID: 37318724 PMCID: PMC10477128 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-023-01101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is distinct in its anatomic location and biology from other epithelial head and neck cancer (HNC). There are 3 WHO subtypes, which considers the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and other histopathology features. Despite the survival benefit obtained from modern treatment modalities and techniques specifically in the local and locally advanced setting, a number of patients with this disease will recur and subsequently die of distant metastasis, locoregional relapse, or both. In the recurrent setting, the ideal therapy approach continues to be a topic of discussion and current recommendations are platinum-based combination chemotherapy. Phase III clinical trials which led to the approval of pembrolizumab or nivolumab for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) specifically excluded NPC. No immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, to date, has been approved by the FDA to treat NPC although the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) recommendations do include use of these agents. Hence, this remains the major challenge for treatment options. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is challenging as it is really 3 different diseases, and much research is required to determine best options and sequencing of those options. This article is going to address the data to date and discuss ongoing research in EBV + and EBV - inoperable recurrent/metastatic NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Jose Juarez-Vignon Whaley
- Health Science Research Center, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Anahuac Mexico, State of Mexico, Naucalpan de Juárez, Mexico
| | - Michelle Afkhami
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Mykola Onyshchenko
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, 1500 East Duarte Road. , Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Erminia Massarelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, 1500 East Duarte Road. , Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Sagus Sampath
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Duarte, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Arya Amini
- Department of Radiation Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center Duarte, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Diana Bell
- Department of Pathology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Victoria M Villaflor
- Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, 1500 East Duarte Road. , Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
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Li A, Wu W, Deng S, Yang Q, He J, Wu H, Wang H, Zhang J, Feng Q, Shao J, Zeng Y, Cai M. Expression of Programmed Death Ligand-2 is associated with Prognosis in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Microenviroment. J Cancer 2022; 13:3606-3614. [PMID: 36606190 PMCID: PMC9809305 DOI: 10.7150/jca.77643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although immune checkpoint inhibitors have opened a new mode of treatment for solid tumors, their efficacy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) needs to be further investigated. Inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint are one of the hot topics in tumor immunotherapy. Programmed death ligand-2 (PD-L2) is a less studied ligand of PD-1 and has not yet been fully explored, especially in NPC. Understanding the clinical significance of PD-L2 expression, together with immune cell infiltration, might provide clues for biomarker screening in NPC immunotherapy. This study aimed to evaluate the role of PD-L2 as a prognostic factor for NPC patients as well as its role in immune regulation. Methods: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on a tissue microarray including 557 NPC specimens using PD-L2 antibody. The immune cell markers CD4, FOXP3 and CD68 were also stained and quantified. The expression of PD-L2 exhibited different spatial patterns among NPC tumor and stromal tissues. Results: A total of 90.8% of the cases showed membranous PD-L2 expression in tumors, and 80.8% showed membranous PD-L2 expression in stromal tissue. High stromal expression of PD-L2 predicted favorable overall and disease-free survival of NPC patients and was negatively correlated with tumor size, recurrence or metastasis and clinical stage. In contrast, high tumor abundance of PD-L2 correlated with poor disease-free survival, but had no obvious correlation with clinicopathological parameters. Multivariate analysis indicated that stromal PD-L2 was an independent and favorable prognostic factor. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between stromal PD-L2 expression and the infiltration of CD68+ macrophages and CD4+Foxp3+ Treg cells in NPC stromal tissues (Pearson correlation=0.181 and 0.098, respectively). Conclusions: Our results suggest that different PD-L2 expression patterns have distinct predictive values. PD-L2 expressed on stromal cells might play a role in the regulation of NPC progression, and involve in immune activation in the tissue microenvironment and have an independent good prognosis for NPC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aixin Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Weijun Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Shengling Deng
- Department of Anesthesia, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Qiao Yang
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Junyan He
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Haibiao Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China
| | - Haiyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jiaxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Qisheng Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Jianyong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yixin Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Manbo Cai
- Department of Radiotherapy, the First Affiliated Hospital, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Manbo Cai, No 69. Chuanshan Road, Hengyang Shigu District, Hunan Province, 421001, China. E-mail:
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9
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Ling J, Chang A, Zhao H, Ye H, Zhuo X. EPHB2 as a recurrence-related gene and a prognostic indicator in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A bioinformatics screening and immunohistochemistry verification. Histol Histopathol 2022; 37:889-897. [PMID: 35441696 DOI: 10.14670/hh-18-459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recurrence and metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after radical treatment is a major bottleneck in clinical treatment. Therefore, we aimed to find the genes related to metastasis after radical treatment in NPC patients. Public datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus database were consulted and the differential expression genes (DEGs) were screened out. The possible roles of the DEGs were annotated by Gene Ontology, and pathway analysis. The hub genes/proteins were then filtered out through protein-protein interaction network construction. The key genes were sifted out from the hub genes, and their expressions were verified by qPCR and immunohistochemistry assays. A total of 28 DEGs were filtered out, which may be enriched in different signaling pathways. Of these DEGs, 11 hub genes were filtered out, among which EPHB2 was shown to be over-expressed in NPC tissues. Further experimental assays confirmed that EPHB2 was overexpressed in NPC cells, which might be associated with tumor recurrence, neck lymph node metastasis, and advanced clinical stages. Moreover, high EPHB2 expression predicted poor prognosis in NPC patients. EPHB2 might be a novel recurrence-related biomarker and a prognostic factor for NPC. Moreover, it might also be used as a potential treatment target for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Ling
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Aoshuang Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Houyu Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
| | - Huiping Ye
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xianlu Zhuo
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.
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10
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The pro-tumorigenic activity of p38γ overexpression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:210. [PMID: 35246508 PMCID: PMC8897421 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
It is urgent to identify and validate biomarkers for early diagnosis and efficient treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Recent studies have proposed p38 gamma (p38γ) as a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-like kinase that phosphorylates retinoblastoma (Rb) to promote cyclins expression and tumorigenesis. Here the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) database and results from the local NPC tissues demonstrate that p38γ is significantly upregulated in NPC tissues, correlating with poor overall survival. Furthermore, p38γ mRNA and protein expression is elevated in established NPC cell lines (CNE-1 HONE-1 and CNE-2) and primary human NPC cells, but low expression detected in human nasal epithelial cells. In established and primary NPC cells, p38γ depletion, using the shRNA strategy or the CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing method, largely inhibited cell growth, proliferation and migration, and induced significant apoptosis activation. Contrarily, ectopic p38γ overexpression exerted opposite activity and promoted NPC cell proliferation and migration. Retinoblastoma (Rb) phosphorylation and cyclin E1/A expression were decreased in NPC cells with p38γ silencing or knockout, but increased after p38γ overexpression. Moreover, mitochondrial subcellular p38γ localization was detected in NPC cells. Significantly, p38γ depletion disrupted mitochondrial functions, causing mitochondrial depolarization, reactive oxygen species production, oxidative injury and ATP depletion in NPC cells. In vivo, intratumoral injection of adeno-associated virus-packed p38γ shRNA potently inhibited primary human NPC xenograft growth in nude mice. In p38γ shRNA virus-injected NPC xenograft tissues, p38γ expression, Rb phosphorylation, cyclin E1/A expression and ATP levels were dramatically decreased. Taken together, we conclude that p38γ overexpression is required for NPC cell growth, acting as a promising therapeutic target of NPC.
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11
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Novel long non-coding RNA lncAMPC downregulates PTEN via miR-214 to promote nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:805-814. [PMID: 35059924 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a type of non-coding RNAs with transcript lengths exceeding 200 nt. lncRNAs suppress or promote cancer mainly by regulating gene expression. The aim of this study was to explore the role of lncRNAs activated in metastatic PCa (lncAMPC) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Total RNAs were isolated from NPC and adjacent non-tumor tissues from 60 NPC patients and subjected to RT-qPCR to analyze differential expression of lncAMPC and miR-214. The roles of lncAMPC and miR-214 in regulating PTEN expression were analyzed using RT-qPCR and Western blot. Cell proliferation was analyzed using the BrdU assay. The results showed that lncAMPC was overexpressed in NPC tissues and was localized in both nuclei and cytoplasms of NPC cells. MiR-214 was positively correlated with lncAMPC. LncAMPC overexpression upregulated miR-214 and indirectly downregulated PTEN via miR-214. BrdU incorporation assay showed that lncAMPC and miR-214 overexpression increased cell proliferation. PTEN overexpression completely reversed the promoting effects of lncAMPC and miR-214 overexpression on cell proliferation. Therefore, lncAMPC might downregulate PTEN via miR-214 to increase NPC cell proliferation.
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12
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Zhu QY, Zhao GX, Li Y, Talakatta G, Mai HQ, Le QT, Young LS, Zeng MS. Advances in pathogenesis and precision medicine for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. MedComm (Beijing) 2021; 2:175-206. [PMID: 34766141 PMCID: PMC8491203 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a squamous carcinoma with apparent geographical and racial distribution, mostly prevalent in East and Southeast Asia, particularly concentrated in southern China. The epidemiological trend over the past decades has suggested a substantial reduction in the incidence rate and mortality rate due to NPC. These results may reflect changes in lifestyle and environment, and more importantly, a deeper comprehension of the pathogenic mechanism of NPC, leading to much progress in the preventing, screening, and treating for this cancer. Herein, we present the recent advances on the key signal pathways involved in pathogenesis of NPC, the mechanism of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) entry into the cell, and the progress of EBV vaccine and screening biomarkers. We will also discuss in depth the development of various therapeutic approaches including radiotherapy, chemotherapy, surgery, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. These research advancements have led to a new era of precision medicine in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
| | - Ge-Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
| | - Girish Talakatta
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
| | - Hai-Qiang Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
| | - Quynh-Thu Le
- Department of Radiation Oncology Stanford California
| | - Lawrence S Young
- Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry United Kingdom
| | - Mu-Sheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center (SYSUCC) Guangzhou China
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13
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Yi C, Lai SL, Tsang CM, Artemenko M, Shuen Tang MK, Pang SW, Lo KW, Tsao SW, Wong AST. A three-dimensional spheroid-specific role for Wnt-β-catenin and Eph-ephrin signaling in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:271163. [PMID: 34338780 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.256461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest unmet needs hindering the successful treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) is for representative physiological and cost-effective models. Although Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is consistently present in NPCs, most studies have focused on EBV-negative NPCs. For the first time, we established and analyzed three-dimensional (3D) spheroid models of EBV-positive and EBV-negative NPC cells and compared these to classical two-dimensional (2D) cultures in various aspects of tumor phenotype and drug responses. Compared to 2D monolayers, the 3D spheroids showed significant increases in migration capacity, stemness characteristics, hypoxia and drug resistance. Co-culture with endothelial cells, which mimics essential interactions in the tumor microenvironment, effectively enhanced spheroid dissemination. Furthermore, RNA sequencing revealed significant changes at the transcriptional level in 3D spheroids compared to expression in 2D monolayers. In particular, we identified known (VEGF, AKT and mTOR) and novel (Wnt-β-catenin and Eph-ephrin) cell signaling pathways that are activated in NPC spheroids. Targeting these pathways in 3D spheroids using FDA-approved drugs was effective in monoculture and co-culture. These findings provide the first demonstration of the establishment of EBV-positive and EBV-negative NPC 3D spheroids with features that resemble advanced and metastatic NPCs. Furthermore, we show that NPC spheroids have potential use in identifying new drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canhui Yi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Sook Ling Lai
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Man Tsang
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Margarita Artemenko
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Maggie Kei Shuen Tang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.,Laboratory for Synthetic Chemistry and Chemical Biology Limited, 17W, Hong Kong Science and Technology Parks, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Stella W Pang
- Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong.,Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Kwok Wai Lo
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology and State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Sai Wah Tsao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Sassoon Road, Hong Kong
| | - Alice Sze Tsai Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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14
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Ma G, Gu B, Hu J, Kong L, Zhang J, Li Z, Xue Y, Lu J, Cao J, Cheng J, Zhang Y, Song S, Yang Z. Pretreatment 18F-FDG uptake heterogeneity can predict treatment outcome of carbon ion radiotherapy in patients with locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Ann Nucl Med 2021; 35:834-842. [PMID: 33913102 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-021-01621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study was to investigate the value of pretreatment 18F-FDG uptake heterogeneity to predict the prognosis of patients with locally recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LRNPC) treated by carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT). METHODS Twenty-nine LRNPC patients who underwent whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT scanning before CIRT were enrolled. Heterogeneity index (HI)-based 18F-FDG uptake, and the PET/CT traditional parameters, including SUVmax, MTV, and TLG were assessed. Receiver operator characteristics (ROC) determined the best cutoff value, and local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. And the predictive ability was evaluated by the ROC curve. Cox analyses were performed on LRFS and PFS. RESULTS In this study, univariate analysis showed that HI was a significant predictor of LRNPC treated by CIRT. HI could be used to predict LRFS and PFS. Patients with HI (≥ 0.81) had a significantly worse prognosis of LRFS (12.25 vs. NR, p = 0.008), and of PFS (10.58 vs. NR, p = 0.014). The AUC and its sensitivity and sensitivity and specificity were 0.75, 84.21% and 70.00% for LRFS and 0.82, 80.95% and 75.00% for PFS, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that HI was an independent predictor for the LFRS of LRNPC with CIRT. CONCLUSION 18F-FDG uptake heterogeneity may be useful for predicting the prognosis of patients with LRNPC treated by CIRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Ma
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201315, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Bingxin Gu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201315, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Jiyi Hu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201315, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Lin Kong
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201315, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Jiangang Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201315, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Zili Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201315, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Yangbo Xue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201315, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Jiade Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Shanghai, 201315, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Junning Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyi Cheng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201315, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Yingjian Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201315, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai, 201315, China
| | - Shaoli Song
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201315, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai, 201315, China.
| | - Zhongyi Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Proton and Heavy Ion Center, Fudan University Cancer Hospital, Shanghai, 201315, China.
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Therapy, 4365 Kangxin Road, Shanghai, 201315, China.
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15
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Luo Y, Wang J, Wang F, Liu X, Lu J, Yu X, Ma X, Peng X, Li X. Foxq1 promotes metastasis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by inducing vasculogenic mimicry via the EGFR signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:411. [PMID: 33875643 PMCID: PMC8055972 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the treatment of tumor metastasis and recurrence is challenging and is associated with poor clinical efficacy. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) is a new blood-supply model of malignant tumor that is closely related to tumors’ distant metastasis. Our previous study demonstrated that miR-124 could target Foxq1 to inhibit NPC metastasis. Whether Foxq1 affects metastasis through vasculogenic mimicry is worth consideration. In this study, we show that VM formation positively correlates with the expression of Foxq1, and EGFR, and the TNM stage in 114 NPC patient samples. Meanwhile, we show that VM-positive NPC patients have a poor prognosis. Furthermore, using in vitro and vivo approaches, we confirm that Foxq1 has a significant effect on NPC metastasis through promoting VM formation, which could be effectively inhibited by EGFR inhibitors (Nimotuzumab or Erlotinib). Also a synergistic efficacy of anti-EGFR and anti-VEGF drugs has been found in NPC inhibition. Mechanistically, the luciferase reporter gene and CHIP assays show that Foxq1 directly binds to the EGFR promoter region and regulates EGFR transcription. In conclusion, our results show that Foxq1 is regulated by miR-124 and that it promotes NPC metastasis by inducing VM via the EGFR signaling pathway. Overall, these results provide a new theoretical support and a novel target selection for anti-VM therapy in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Luo
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Juan Lu
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yu
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuemin Ma
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Peng
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xiangping Li
- Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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16
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Epstein-Barr Virus LMP1 Induces Soluble PD-L1 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030603. [PMID: 33804064 PMCID: PMC7998736 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is an Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-associated malignancy. The principal oncogene of EBV, latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), induces the expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), which is an immunosuppressive transmembrane protein and a promising therapeutic target for various malignancies. Recent studies have revealed an association between the level of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) and disease progression. However, the role of sPD-L1 in NPC or its relevance to LMP1 has not been elucidated. This study aimed to examine whether LMP1 induces sPD-L1 in vitro and analyze the clinical relevance of LMP1, PD-L1, and sPD-L1 in NPC patients. Analysis of nasopharyngeal cell lines revealed that LMP1 induces both cellular PD-L1 and sPD-L1. Analysis of biopsy specimens from 32 NPC patients revealed that LMP1 expression was significantly correlated with PD-L1 expression. Finally, the serum sPD-L1 level in NPC patients was higher than that in the controls. Moreover, the sPD-L1 level in the advanced stage was higher than that in the early stage. However, LMP1 expression, PD-L1 expression, and sPD-L1 levels were not associated with prognosis. These results suggest that LMP1 induces both sPD-L1 and PD-L1, which are associated with NPC progression.
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17
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Campion NJ, Ally M, Jank BJ, Ahmed J, Alusi G. The molecular march of primary and recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncogene 2021; 40:1757-1774. [PMID: 33479496 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) results from the aberrant and uncontrolled growth of the nasopharyngeal epithelium. It is highly associated with the Epstein-Barr virus, especially in regions where it is endemic. In the last decade, significant advances in genetic sequencing techniques have allowed the discovery of many new abnormal molecular processes that undoubtedly contribute to the establishment, growth and spread of this deadly disease. In this review, we consider NPC as EBV induced. We summarise the recent discoveries and how they add to our understanding of the pathophysiology of NPC in the context of genomics first in primary and then in recurrent disease. Overall, we find key early events lead to p16 inactivation and cyclin D1 expression, allowing latent viral infection. Host and viral factors work together to affect a variety of molecular pathways, the most fundamental being activation of NF-κB. Nonetheless, much still yearns to be discovered, especially in recurrent NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Campion
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK. .,Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Munira Ally
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Bernhard J Jank
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Vienna General Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jahangir Ahmed
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
| | - Ghassan Alusi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, Whitechapel Rd, Whitechapel, London, E1 1BB, UK
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18
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Hsa_circ_0046263 functions as a ceRNA to promote nasopharyngeal carcinoma progression by upregulating IGFBP3. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:562. [PMID: 32703944 PMCID: PMC7378203 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02785-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences indicate that circular RNAs (circRNAs), a subclass of noncoding RNAs, play important role in regulating gene expression in eukaryotes. Hsa_circ_0046263 (circ-0046263) was found aberrantly expressed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but its role in tumor growth and metastasis remains largely unclear. Sanger sequencing, RNase R assay, and nucleic acid electrophoresis were conducted to verify the identification of circ-0046263. Nuclear separation and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assays were used to determine the localization of circ-004263. Dual luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) were employed to confirm the binding of circ-0046263 with miR-133a-5p. Colony formation, proliferation, wound healing, transwell, western blot, and in vivo tumor growth and metastasis assays were performed to assess the roles of circ-0046263, miR-133a-5p, IGFBP3 and their interactions in NPC cells. Circ-0046263 was upregulated in both NPC cell lines and tissues. The in vitro functional studies revealed that knockdown of circ-0046263 inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of NPC cells, whereas its overexpression produced the opposite result. In vivo experiments indicated that knockdown or overexpression of circ-0046263 attenuated or promoted tumor growth and metastasis, respectively. Mechanistically, circ-0046263 could act as a miRNA sponge to absorb miR-133a-5p and upregulate the expression of miRNA downstream target IGFBP3. In addition, miR-133a-5p inhibition or IGFBP3 overexpression could rescue the malignant behavior induced by circ-0046263 silencing. Finally, circ-0046263 plays a tumor-promoting role in NPC to enhance malignant behavior through the miR-133a-5p/IGFBP3 axis, which could be a potential target for NPC therapy.
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Abstract
Background Aberrant methylation of DNA plays an important role in the pathogenesis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In the current study, we aimed to integrate three cohorts profile datasets to identify abnormally methylated-differentially expressed genes and pathways associated with NPC. Methods Data of gene expression microarrays (GSE53819, GSE412452) and gene methylation microarrays (GSE52068) obtained from the GEO database. Aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained by GEO2R. The David database was utilized to perform enrichment and functional analysis regarding selected genes. To create a protein-protein interaction (PPI), STRING and Cytoscape software were utilized. The MCODE was used for module analysis of the PPI network. Results In total, 181 hypomethylation-high expression genes were identified, which were enriched in the biological mechanisms involved in the differentiation of endodermal cell, mitotic nuclear division, mitotic cell cycle process, chromosome segregation and cell cycle phase transition, etc. Pathway enrichment showed ECM-receptor interaction, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Focal adhesion, Protein digestion and absorption and Amoebiasis, etc. The top 3 hub genes of PPI network were FANCI, POSTN, and IFIH1. Additionally, 210 hypermethylation-low expression genes were identified, and our data revealed enrichment in biological processes including axoneme assembly, micro tubular formation, assembly of axonemal dynein complex, cilium movement and cilium organization, etc. Pathway analysis indicated enrichment in B cell receptor signaling pathway, Hematopoietic cell lineage, Leukocyte transendothelial migration, Complement and coagulation cascades and Fc gamma R-mediated phagocytosis, etc. The ZMYND10, PACRG and POU2AF1 were identified as the top three hub genes of PPI network. After validation in TCGA and GEPIA database, most hub genes remained significant. Patients with high expression of POSTN found to have shorter overall survival, while in patients with high expression of ZMYND10 and POU2AF1 longer overall survival was identified. Conclusions The data revealed novel aberrantly methylated-differentially expressed genes and pathways in NPC by bioinformatics analysis, potentially providing novel insights for the molecular mechanisms governing NPC progression. Hub genes including FANCI, POSTN, IFIH1, ZMYND10, PACRG and POU2AF1 might serve as novel biomarkers for precision diagnosis and providing medical treatment for patient with NPC.
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Chen J, Ma C, Zhang Y, Pei S, Du M, Zhang Y, Qian L, Wang J, Yin L, He X. MiR-154-5p Suppresses Cell Invasion and Migration Through Inhibiting KIF14 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:2235-2246. [PMID: 32214824 PMCID: PMC7078655 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s242939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mounting evidence has reported that microRNA-154-5p (miR-154-5p) is involved in the development of multiple cancers, but its function in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains not well investigated. Methods Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect miR-154-5p expression in NPC tissues and cells. CCK8, colony formation, wound healing and transwell assays were performed to assess cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Dual-luciferase reporter assays and Western blots were performed to confirm the target gene of miR-154-5p. Rescue experiments were conducted to explore the influence of target gene KIF14 on the functions of miR-154-5p. Xenograft tumor model was conducted to detect the effect of miR-154-5p in vivo. Results qRT-PCR results revealed that the expression of miR-154-5p was down-regulated in NPC tissues and cell lines compared to normal nasopharyngeal tissues and cell line. Overexpression of miR-154-5p inhibited cell migration and invasion. However, miR-154-5p had no influence on the proliferation of NPC cells. MiR-154-5p overexpression suppressed xenograft tumor metastasis in vivo. Dual-luciferase reporter analysis identified KIF14 as a target gene of miR-154-5p. Rescue experiments showed that knockdown of KIF14 reversed the effect of inhibiting miR-154-5p expression on NPC cell migration and invasion. Conclusion Taken together, miR-154-5p suppresses tumor migration and invasion by targeting KIF14 in NPC. The newly identified miR-154-5p/KIF14 interaction offers further insights into the progression of NPC, which may represent a novel target for NPC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengxian Ma
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Pei
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingyu Du
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Luxi Qian
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlin Wang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yin
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia He
- Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.,Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
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Liao W, Tian M, Chen N. Characteristic And Novel Therapeutic Strategies Of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma With Synchronous Metastasis. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:8431-8442. [PMID: 31571998 PMCID: PMC6754338 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s219994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is rare in Western countries, but its incidence in China and Southeast Asia is notably high. NPC shows a high rate of distant metastasis including metachronous metastasis (mmNPC, metastasis after definitive chemo-radiotherapy) and synchronous metastasis (smNPC, metastasis at initial diagnosis). 4–10% of patients would be diagnosed as smNPC annually, and the survival outcomes of these patients are quite poor. As with few clinical trials exclusively focusing on this population, treatment on smNPC is not unified and many problems remain unsolved. To date, systematic chemotherapy (CT) still remains a fundamental treatment in smNPC. Although no randomized trial has been conducted to compare different CT regimens in smNPC, gemcitabine and taxanes in combination with platinum seem optimal in first-line setting. In second-line CT, there is no consensus: mono-chemotherapy with drugs such as gemcitabine, taxanes or capecitabine could be taken into consideration. Immunotherapy based on checkpoint inhibitors shows promising efficacy both in first-line and in the following lines of therapy. In addition to CT, local therapy in smNPC is also very important. Locoregional radiotherapy (RT) for primary tumor in combination with CT could strikingly increase OS with acceptable toxicities. And local treatment, such as surgery and RT, for metastatic lesions could bring extra survival benefit in patients with solitary or limited metastases. Overall, the present study provides an overview of the literature on the various studies of smNPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Liao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Maolang Tian
- Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Nianyong Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
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