Correlation of Waist-to-hip Ratio (WHR) and Oxidative Stress in Patients of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

Relation of Body Mass Index, Waist Circumference, and Body Fat Percentage to Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress Markers in Menopausal Women

The degenerative diseases in menopause-age women has been continued to increase every year. This study aimed to analyze the relation of body mass index, waist circumference, and body fat percentage on blood biochemical markers of lipid and oxidative stress in menopausal women. This randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted using a cross-over design. The subjects in this study were sixteen menopausal women in Ciherang Village, Dramaga Subdistrict, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel program and SPSS 23 software. The results showed that the subjects' mean age was 57±4.63 y with the age range of 50-60 y. The subjects' mean BMI was 27.55±2.11 kg/m², the mean waist circumference was 90.77±7.16 cm, and the mean body fat percentage was 35.6±3.26%. The mean cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c, and LDL-c levels after the intervention were 186.4 mg/dL, 119.8 mg/dL, 55.5 mg/dL, and 107 mg/dL, respectively. The mean MDA and SOD levels were 155.5 ng/mL and 27.55 U/mL, respectively. This study concluded that BMI had significant positive correlations with body fat percentage, cholesterol levels, LDL-c levels, and serum MDA levels. BMI and body fat percentage had significant negative correlations with serum SOD levels.

Erythrocyte Antioxidant Defenses Against Cigarette Smoking in Ischemic Heart Disease

BACKGROUND

Cigarette smoke promotes atherogenesis by producing oxygen-derived free radicals.

AIM

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of cigarette smoking on lipid peroxidation and erythrocyte antioxidant status in ischemic heart disease (IHD).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A total of 327 male subjects were enrolled for this study, divided into two groups consisting of 200 patients, who were consecutively admitted for IHD in the intensive cardiac care unit (ICCU) of a Government Hospital and 127 age matched male healthy subjects. Both the groups were subsequently categorised into smokers and non smokers sub groups depending upon the smoking history {>/= 20 pack years of smoking; (20 cigarettes per day for one year constitutes one pack year)}. All 327 subjects were investigated for lipid profile, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and the antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX).

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

The differences in the parameters between the groups were tested for significance by one way ANOVA using the SPSS software version 19. A p-value of < 0.001 was considered to be significant statistically. Multiple comparisons were made between all the four groups by Post Hoc Tukey test.

RESULTS

There was highly significant difference (p<0.001) observed in GPX activity, in comparison to CAT and SOD (p=0.032, p=0.009) between smokers vs non smokers in control group as well as patient group. The plasma MDA levels were found to be increased significantly (p<0.001) in IHD patients, who smoked as compared to those who did not.

CONCLUSION

Chronic smoking enhances erythrocyte lipid peroxidation in IHD patients with concomitant failure of both plasma and erythrocyte antioxidant defense mechanisms. Along with conventional lipid markers and plasma MDA levels, the erythrocyte GPX activity was observed to be a better marker of oxidative stress, in chronic smokers, who are at risk of developing IHD.