1
|
Meucci M, Verna E, Costedoat C. The Skeletal Remains of Soldiers from the Two World Wars: Between Identification, Health Research and Memorial Issues. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1852. [PMID: 36292737 PMCID: PMC9602128 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
After causing mass disasters that claimed the lives of tens of thousands of soldiers from countries around the world, the two Great Wars left some of them lost and missing. In France, these corpses reside in a legal vagueness where they belong neither to forensic anthropology nor archeology. Nevertheless, the process of identification and determining the cause of death requires the use of modern forensic anthropology by applying biological profiling and DNA analysis. New genomic methods also provide insight into the health statuses of these military populations, providing new perspectives on these periods of humanitarian crisis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marine Meucci
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Établissement Français du Sang, ADES Laboratory Unité Mixte de Recherche 7268, Aix Marseille University, 13344 Marseille, France
- National Office for Veterans and Victims of War (ONACVG), 75007 Paris, France
| | - Emeline Verna
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Établissement Français du Sang, ADES Laboratory Unité Mixte de Recherche 7268, Aix Marseille University, 13344 Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Costedoat
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Établissement Français du Sang, ADES Laboratory Unité Mixte de Recherche 7268, Aix Marseille University, 13344 Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Cranial and Odontological Methods for Sex Estimation—A Scoping Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58091273. [PMID: 36143950 PMCID: PMC9505889 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The estimation of sex from osteological and dental records has long been an interdisciplinary field of dentistry, forensic medicine and anthropology alike, as it concerns all the above mentioned specialties. The aim of this article is to review the current literature regarding methods used for sex estimation based on the skull and the teeth, covering articles published between January 2015 and July 2022. New methods and new approaches to old methods are constantly emerging in this field, therefore resulting in the need to summarize the large amount of data available. Morphometric, morphologic and biochemical analysis were reviewed in living populations, autopsy cases and archaeological records. The cranial and odontological sex estimation methods are highly population-specific and there is a great need for these methods to be applied to and verified on more populations. Except for DNA analysis, which has a prediction accuracy of 100%, there is no other single method that can achieve such accuracy in predicting sex from cranial or odontological records.
Collapse
|
3
|
D. B. N, Joji JG. Tooth as a Source of DNA in Forensic or Investigative Genetics: An Overview. J Forensic Dent Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.18311/jfds/12/3/2020.617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the genetic code of most organisms including humans. In the last few years, DNA analysis methods are applied to forensic cases for human identification which is termed forensic or investigative genetics. It is often challenging to obtain and interpret DNA from routine samples like blood in severely decomposed or disfigured bodies recovered from incineration, immersion, trauma, mutilation, and decomposition as in incidents of fire, explosion, or murder. The tooth can survive any extreme environment with minimum risk of contamination making it a valuable alternative source of DNA in such cases. Tooth structures like the enamel (amelogenin protein), dentin, cementum, pulp, and adherent tissues like bone and periodontal fibers are sources from which DNA can be obtained. Various methods have been described for DNA extraction. There are numerous applications of DNA analysis like identification of the deceased or missing victim or the unknown culprit from a crime scene, solving paternity issues, determining the occurrence of any genetic disease, and determining the ancestry. This article briefly summarizes an overview of the tooth as a valuable DNA source and various methods and challenges related to DNA analysis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Y, Antonijević D, Li R, Fan Y, Dukić K, Mićić M, Yu G, Li Z, Djurić M, Fan Y. Study of Sexual Dimorphism in Metatarsal Bones: Geometric and Inertial Analysis of the Three-Dimensional Reconstructed Models. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:734362. [PMID: 34721293 PMCID: PMC8551807 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.734362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present paper is to determine the sex of the individual using three-dimensional geometric and inertial analyses of metatarsal bones. Metatarsals of 60 adult Chinese subjects of both sexes were scanned using Aquilion One 320 Slice CT Scanner. The three-dimensional models of the metatarsals were reconstructed, and thereafter, a novel software using the center of mass set as the origin and the three principal axes of inertia was employed for model alignment. Eight geometric and inertial variables were assessed: the bone length, bone width, bone height, surface-area-to-volume ratio, bone density, and principal moments of inertia around the x, y, and z axes. Furthermore, the discriminant functions were established using stepwise discriminant function analysis. A cross-validation procedure was performed to evaluate the discriminant accuracy of functions. The results indicated that inertial variables exhibit significant sexual dimorphism, especially principal moments of inertia around the z axis. The highest dimorphic values were found in the surface-area-to-volume ratio, principal moments of inertia around the z axis, and bone height. The accuracy rate of the discriminant functions for sex determination ranged from 88.3% to 98.3% (88.3%-98.3% cross-validated). The highest accuracy of function was established based on the third metatarsal bone. This study showed for the first time that the principal moment of inertia of the human bone may be successfully implemented for sex estimation. In conclusion, the sex of the individual can be accurately estimated using a combination of geometric and inertial variables of the metatarsal bones. The accuracy should be further confirmed in a larger sample size and be tested or independently developed for distinct population/age groups before the functions are widely applied in unidentified skeletons in forensic and bioarcheological contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Liu
- Foot Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Djorde Antonijević
- Foot Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute for Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Laboratory for Atomic Physics, Institute for Nuclear Science “Vinca”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ruining Li
- Foot Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Fan
- Foot Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ksenija Dukić
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute for Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milutin Mićić
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute for Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Genyu Yu
- Foot Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Li
- College of Foreign Studies, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Marija Djurić
- Laboratory for Anthropology, Institute for Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Yifang Fan
- Foot Research Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Amelogenin-Derived Peptides in Bone Regeneration: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179224. [PMID: 34502132 PMCID: PMC8431254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelogenins are enamel matrix proteins currently used to treat bone defects in periodontal surgery. Recent studies have highlighted the relevance of amelogenin-derived peptides, named LRAP, TRAP, SP, and C11, in bone tissue engineering. Interestingly, these peptides seem to maintain or even improve the biological activity of the full-length protein, which has received attention in the field of bone regeneration. In this article, the authors combined a systematic and a narrative review. The former is focused on the existing scientific evidence on LRAP, TRAP, SP, and C11's ability to induce the production of mineralized extracellular matrix, while the latter is concentrated on the structure and function of amelogenin and amelogenin-derived peptides. Overall, the collected data suggest that LRAP and SP are able to induce stromal stem cell differentiation towards osteoblastic phenotypes; specifically, SP seems to be more reliable in bone regenerative approaches due to its osteoinduction and the absence of immunogenicity. However, even if some evidence is convincing, the limited number of studies and the scarcity of in vivo studies force us to wait for further investigations before drawing a solid final statement on the real potential of amelogenin-derived peptides in bone tissue engineering.
Collapse
|
6
|
Abdel Hady RH, Thabet HZ, Ebrahem NE, Yassa HA. Thermal Effects on DNA Degradation in Blood and Seminal Stains: Forensic View. Acad Forensic Pathol 2021; 11:7-23. [PMID: 34040682 PMCID: PMC8129487 DOI: 10.1177/1925362121998547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Forensic investigations using DNA analysis have been grown rapidly. Samples retrieved from crime scene may be exposed to different conditions before proceeding. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different grades of temperature and burn on DNA extraction and typing. METHODS Seven mL of blood and four mL of semen were collected from each volunteer. Effects of temperature grades (100 °C, 50 °C, 37 °C, 4 °C, -20 °C, and burn) on blood and seminal stain were tested. RESULTS Bloodstains exposed to temperature grades 100 °C, 50 °C, 37 °C, 4 °C, and -20 °C can be identified using preliminary test while burnt blood stain cannot. Seminal stains exposed to temperature grades 37 °C, 4 °C, and -20 °C can be identified by Florence test while those exposed to 100 °C, 50 °C, and burn cannot. Blood and seminal stains exposed to temperature grades 100 °C, 50 °C, and burn show marked reduction in DNA concentration while maximum DNA conc could be recovered from stains exposed to temperature grade temperature. Both blood and seminal DNA was affected only in case of burn without significant difference between THO1 and Amelogenin primers. CONCLUSION High environmental temperature affect the quantity of extracted DNA from different stains but less effect on the quality of extracted DNA. Burn affects both preliminary test, DNA quantity, and quality in stains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heba A. Yassa
- Heba A. Yassa, Professor of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Department, Assiut Governorate, Egypt; or
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Maulani C, Auerkari EI. Molecular analysis for sex determination in forensic dentistry: a systematic review. EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s41935-020-00210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Sex determination can be useful in forensic casework, such as in mass disasters, transportation accidents, and cases of a missing person or sexual assault. The remnants of the body can be traced by DNA of the victim, using samples from various sources such as teeth, oral epithelial tissue, and saliva.
Main body
The review aimed to describe research in forensic dentistry with DNA source from the oral region and methods of the applied DNA analysis. A search in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus electronic databases from 2009 to 2019 was conducted to include studies according to PRISMA guidelines. Ten studies were eligible for the review. Genetic markers originated from dentin, dental pulp, saliva, or epithelial cells from buccal tissue and prosthesis. The applied DNA analysis methods were PCR, real-time PCR, and nested PCR.
Conclusions
The published articles mostly showed successful DNA extraction and sex determination, but the rate of success declined as the sample source underwent manipulation to mimic the forensic conditions. Amelogenin, SRY, and DYS14 were reliable indicators for sex determination. Molecular analysis has proved to be efficient and accurate, but the daily forensic practice must select the most appropriate method according to the available body remnants.
Collapse
|
8
|
Navarro-Romero MT, Muñoz MDL, Alcala-Castañeda E, Terreros-Espinosa E, Domínguez-de-la-Cruz E, García-Hernández N, Moreno-Galeana MÁ. A novel method of male sex identification of human ancient skeletal remains. Chromosome Res 2020; 28:277-291. [PMID: 32621020 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-020-09634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sex identification of ancient individuals is important to understand aspects of the culture, demographic structure, religious practices, disease association, and the history of the ancient civilizations. Sex identification is performed using anthropometric measurements and molecular genetics techniques, including quantification of the X and Y chromosomes. These approaches are not always reliable in subadult, or fragmented, incomplete skeletons or when the DNA is highly degraded. Most of the methods include the identification of the male and female sexes, but the absence of a specific marker for the males does not mean that the sample obtained was from a female. This study aims (1) to identify new male-specific regions that allow male identification; (2) to contrast the effectiveness of these markers against AMELX/AMELY and anthropometric measurement procedures; and (3) to test the efficacy of these markers in archaeological samples. For the first two aims, we used known sex samples, and for the third aim, we used samples from different archaeological sites. A novel molecular technique to identify male-specific regions by amplification of TTTY7, TSPY3, TTTY2, and TTTY22 genes of the human Y chromosome was developed. The results showed amplification of the specific DNA regions of Y chromosome in male individuals, with no amplification being observed in any of the female samples, confirming their specificity for male individuals. This approach complements the current procedures, such as the AMELX/AMELY test and anthropometric principle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Navarro-Romero
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 7360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María de Lourdes Muñoz
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 7360, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Enrique Alcala-Castañeda
- Department of Archaeological Studies, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Lic. Verdad 3, Centro Histórico, 06000, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eladio Terreros-Espinosa
- Templo Mayor Museum, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, Seminario 8, Centro Histórico, 06060, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Domínguez-de-la-Cruz
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 7360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Normand García-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Genética Humana, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Pediatría "Dr. Silvestre Frenk Freud", Centro Médico Nacional "Siglo XXI", Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Av. Cuauhtémoc 330, Doctores, 06720, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ángel Moreno-Galeana
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, C.P. 7360, Mexico City, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Inostroza C, Carrasco P, Godoy M, Gatti G, Paulino B. Dental Forensic Kit (DFK®) and Quick Extract™ FFPE DNA extraction kit, a new workflow for obtaining dental DNA for human genetic identity. J Forensic Leg Med 2020; 73:101992. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2020.101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
10
|
Fu Y, Li S, Guo Q, Zheng W, Yang R, Li H. Genetic diversity and population structure of two endemic Cupressus (Cupressaceae) species on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. J Genet 2019; 98:14. [PMID: 30945670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cupressus gigantea and C. torulosa are ecologically and economically important endemic species of the conifer family Cupressaceae on the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau. C. gigantea was previously classified as a subspecies of C. torulosa because of their similar morphological characteristics and close distribution. In this study, 401 individuals were sampled from 16 populations of the two Cupressus species. The specimens were genotyped using 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci through fluorescence polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The genetic diversity of C. gigantea and C. torulosa populations was generally low, with the highest genetic diversity detected in the population LLS of C. gigantea. Distance-based phylogenetic and principal co-ordinates analyses indicated a clear genetic structures for the 16 populations of the two Cupressus species. Moreover, Mantel test results showed indistinctive correlations between population-pairwise Fst values and geographic distances, as well as between genetic distances and geographic distances in C. gigantea and C. torulosa, respectively. AMOVA suggested that genetic variation mostly resided within populations. Sixteen naturalpopulations were evidently clustered into two major groups in the constructed neighbour-joining tree. The results demonstrated that C. gigantea and C. torulosa are different Cupressus species. The genetic information provided important theoretical references for conservation and management of the two endangered Cupressus species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaru Fu
- Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi 860000, Tibet, People's Republic of China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|