To Evaluate and Compare Periodontal Disease and Smoking as a Parallel Risk Factor for Systemic Health by Gauging the Serum C-Reactive Protein Levels

Method of Preparation of Cigarette Smoke Extract to Assess Lung Cancer-Associated Changes in Airway Epithelial Cells

Smoking tobacco is a major risk factor for the development of lung cancer, COPD, and other lung pathologies in smokers. Cigarette smoke (CS), which is comprised of several toxic components, is known to cause oxidative stress and inflammation-induced lung damage. Since airway epithelial cells act as the primary barrier, they protect the lung tissues from environmental insults, including CS. Upon exposure to these insults, airway epithelial cells act as the initial site of injury and orchestrate the pathophysiology of lung cancer. Scientists have been using cigarette smoke extract (CSE) in the preclinical model of in vitro cell culture to understand the effect of CS on the cellular, biochemical, and molecular changes in the lung epithelial cells. However, the standard procedure to prepare the CSE in the laboratory with a low-cost assembly and obtaining a reproducible quality of CSE in different batches is a challenge. Here, in this chapter, we delineate the method for the preparation of CSE using a discontinuous puff-based system which is an economical and reproducible method to prepare CSE in the laboratory. This method is suitable for studying CSE-induced molecular changes in lung diseases, including lung cancer, using in vitro models of lung adenocarcinoma cells.