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Hegde D, Suprabha BS, Rao A. Organic antibacterial modifications of high-viscosity glass ionomer cement for atraumatic restorative treatment: A review. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2024; 60:22-31. [PMID: 38188639 PMCID: PMC10767272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
High viscosity glass ionomer cement (HVGIC) has been employed as a restorative material for Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART). As residual caries persist after caries removal in ART, the antibacterial activity of HVGIC gains importance. Organic and inorganic substances with antibacterial properties have been incorporated into HVGIC over the years, and their effects on the antibacterial and physical properties have been studied. The objective of this paper is to review the various alterations made to HVGIC using organic compounds, their effect on the antibacterial activity, and the physical properties of the cement. Various in vitro investigations have been conducted by adding antiseptics, antibiotics, and naturally occurring antibacterial substances. Most of these compounds render superior antibacterial properties to HVGIC, but higher concentrations affect physical properties in a dose-dependent manner. However, some naturally occurring antibacterial substances, such as chitosan, improve the physical properties of HVGIC, as they enhance cross-linking and polysalt bridging. There is potential for clinical benefits to be gained from the addition of organic antibacterial compounds to HVGIC. In-depth research is required to determine the optimum concentration at which the antibacterial effect is maximum without affecting the physical properties of the cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damodar Hegde
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Baranya Shrikrishna Suprabha
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
| | - Arathi Rao
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, India
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Altınışık H, Erten Can H, Mutlu Ağardan NB, Berkkan A, Güney M. Prevention of secondary caries using fluoride-loaded chitosan nanoparticle-modified glass-ionomer cement. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:504. [PMID: 39196417 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05891-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of incorporating chitosan and fluoride-loaded chitosan nanoparticles into a glass-ionomer cement (GIC) to prevent secondary caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS A standard cervical cavity (mesio-distal width 6 mm, cervico-occlusal width 2 mm, and depth 2 mm) was prepared on 30 molars for the following restoration groups: group 1, conventional GIC restoration; group 2, chitosan (10%) modified GIC restoration; group 3, fluoride loaded chitosan nanoparticles (10%) modified GIC restoration. The restored teeth were subjected to 1,500 thermal cycles before undergoing a multi-species cariogenic biofilm challenge. The restored teeth were examined by micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). Data were analyzed by the one-way ANOVA, Tukey HDS, Kruskal Wallis, and Dunn's test. RESULTS Micro-CT determined outer lesion depths for groups 1-3 were: 614 ± 20 μm, 589 ± 17 μm, and 560 ± 19 μm respectively. Both modifications with chitosan and fluoride-loaded chitosan nanoparticles significantly affected outer lesion depth (p < 0.05). The modification with fluoride-loaded chitosan nanoparticles statistically significantly decreased the outer lesion depth compared to all other groups (p < 0.05). SEM/EDX showed an increase of calcium, phosphorus, and fluoride at the root dentine adjacent to the restoration in groups 2 and 3 (modified GIC). This increase was statistically significantly higher in the group modified with fluorine-loaded nano chitosan particles compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Incorporation of 10% chitosan and 10% fluoride-loaded chitosan nanoparticles into GIC restorative material can prevent secondary root caries development. 10% fluoride-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were more effective. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Glass ionomer cement modified with fluoride-loaded chitosan nanoparticles may be a promising restorative material in pediatric and preventive dentistry due to their controlled release properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Altınışık
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara, Emek, 06510, Turkey.
| | - Hülya Erten Can
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Dokuz Eylul University, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Aysel Berkkan
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Gazi University Faculty of Pharmacy, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Güney
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Gulhane Medical Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
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Sharafeddin F, Shirani MM, Jowkar Z. Assessing the Impact of Nano-Graphene Oxide Addition on Surface Microhardness and Roughness of Glass Ionomer Cements: A Laboratory Study. Int J Dent 2024; 2024:5597367. [PMID: 38962728 PMCID: PMC11221947 DOI: 10.1155/2024/5597367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nanomaterials, including nano-graphene oxide (nGO), have emerged as promising modifiers for dental materials. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of incorporating nGO into conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) on surface roughness and hardness. Methods Sixty disk-shaped specimens (2 × 6 mm) were divided into six groups: CGIC, RMGIC, CGIC with 1 wt.% nGO, CGIC with 2 wt.% nGO, RMGIC with 1 wt.% nGO, and RMGIC with 2 wt.% nGO. Surface roughness (Ra) and Vickers microhardness (VHN) were measured using a surface profilometer and Vickers microhardness tester, respectively. Statistical analysis employed the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p <0.05). Results The microhardness of RMGICs significantly increased with 1% and 2% nGO (p=0.017, P=0.001, respectively), while CGICs showed a significant decrease in VHN with nGO incorporation (p=0.001). VHN values of all CGIC groups were significantly higher than those of all RMGIC groups (p=0.001). Mean surface roughness values for all CGICs were significantly higher than those of RMGIC groups (p=0.001). Within the RMGIC groups, mean Ra values of RMGIC + 1 wt.% nGO and RMGIC + 2 wt.% nGO groups decreased significantly compared to the RMGIC control group (p=0.001, p=0.001, respectively). Among CGIC groups, mean Ra values of 1 wt.% and 2 wt.% nGO/CGIC groups were significantly higher than the CGIC control group (p=0.016, p=0.001). Conclusion Incorporating nGO into RMGICs increased surface microhardness while reducing surface roughness, offering potential advantages for clinical applications. Conversely, adding nGO to CGICs increased surface roughness and decreased surface hardness. These findings emphasize the potential benefits of utilizing nGO in RMGICs and their implications in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Sharafeddin
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Biomaterials Research CenterSchool of DentistryShiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Zahra Jowkar
- Department of Operative DentistrySchool of DentistryShiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Arafa SK, Sherief DI, Nassif MS. Effect of aging on mechanical and antibacterial properties of fluorinated graphene reinforced glass ionomer: In vitro study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 142:105803. [PMID: 37031564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study: 1) aims to test the mechanical and antibacterial properties of fluorinated graphene strengthened glass ionomer materials (FG/GICs); 2) aims to investigate the effects of thermo-cycling on (FG/GICs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fluorinated graphene (FG) with bright white color was prepared from fluorinated graphite (SIGMA Aldrich), using modified Hummer's method, to be added to conventional glass ionomer cements (GICs). In addition to a control group (group 1), experimentally modified GICs were prepared by adding FG to the conventional glass ionomer powder with three different weight ratios; (group 2, 1 wt %; group 3, 2.5 wt %; and group 4, 5 wt %) using mechanical blending method. Experimental groups of the specimens (n = 240) were divided, for each concentration (n = 120) half of the specimens were subjected to thermo-cycling. Hardness, compressive strength, and antibacterial activity of (FG/GICs) were measured with and without thermo-cycling. Compressive strength was measured by a universal testing machine, hardness was measured using a Vickers micro-hardness tester, and antibacterial effects against staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus mutans were tested by the pellicle sticking method. For statistical analysis, numerical data were explored for normality and variance homogeneity using Shapiro-Wilk and Leven's tests respectively. RESULTS The prepared (FG/GICs) showed an increase in hardness in group 4 (p < 0.001). Groups 3 and 4 gave the highest compressive strength values with no significant difference between them (p < 0.001). Groups 2, 3, and 4 showed improved antibacterial activity with no statistical difference between them (p > 0.001). Results after thermo-cycling showed significantly decreased hardness, and compressive strength values (p < 0.001), however, the results of antibacterial activity against streptococcus mutans showed no statistical difference after thermo-cycling (group 2, p = 0.05; group 3, p = 0.18; group 4, p = 0.26). The same results were observed for antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus (p = 0.92, p = 0.14, and p = 0.48 respectively). CONCLUSION FG can be considered a promising additive to GICs to promote its anti-cariogenic effects, however, these antibacterial effects are only useful in the short term, as aging adversely affected their mechanical properties. The 2.5 wt % FG/GICs is suggested to be the most encouraging, as after aging, it represented the highest compressive strength among all groups, while its hardness values were at least comparable to that of conventional glass ionomer. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE FG/GICs can be considered an anti-cariogenic restoration in temporary restorative interventions, as in certain cases in deciduous teeth where considerable esthetics may be required, especially those with difficult moisture control, where neither resin composite restorations nor amalgam restorations will be indicated. It can also be used for patients with high caries index or in atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) in low-income countries.
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Sharafeddin F, Jowkar Z, Bahrani S. Comparison between the effect of adding microhydroxyapatite and chitosan on surface roughness and Microhardness of resin modified and conventional glass ionomer cements. J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e737-e744. [PMID: 34512911 PMCID: PMC8412805 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to compare the effect of chitosan (CH) and hydroxyapatite (HP) on the surface roughness and microhardness of a conventional glass ionomer cement (CGIC) and a resin modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC).
Material and Methods 60 disk-shaped specimens (2mm x 6mm) were prepared in 6 groups; group I: CGIC, group II: RMGIC, group III: CGIC + 15% volume CH solution in liquid, group IV: CGIC +10% weight micro-HP in powder, group V: RMGIC + 15% volume CH, group VI: RMGIC + 10% weight micro-HP. After storage in deionized water at room temperature for 24 hours, the surface roughness and microhardness of the specimens were measured using a surface profilometer and Vickers microhardness (VHN) tester, respectively. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD test and paired t-test (P<0.05).
Results The microhardness values of RMGIC and CGIC decreased significantly with the addition of micro-HP (P<0.001). None of the CH-containing GICs showed significant changes in microhardness (P = 0.552). The VHN values of CGIC were higher than RMGIC, regardless of the added substance (P<0.001). The surface roughness (Ra) values (μm) of both RMGIC and CGIC decreased significantly with the addition of CH (P = 0.004). The incorporation of micro-HP into GICs did not have a significant effect on surface roughness values (P = 0.700). The RMGIC showed less Ra values compared to the CGIC regardless of the added substance (P<0.001). The lowest and highest Ra values were observed in RMGIC + CH and CGIC + micro-HP groups, respectively.
Conclusions The addition of CH to GIC and RMGIC reduced the surface roughness and did not have an adverse effect on the microhardness. Mixing GIC and RMGIC with micro-HP resulted in microhardness reduction and did not affect the surface roughness. Key words:Glass ionomer, hydroxyapatite, chitosan, hardness, surface roughness
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Affiliation(s)
- Farahnaz Sharafeddin
- Professor, Biomaterials Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Jowkar
- Assistant professor, Oral and Dental Disease Research Center, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Somaye Bahrani
- Postgraduate Student, Department of Operative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Patel A, Dhupar JK, Jajoo SS, Shah P, Chaudhary S. Evaluation of Adhesive Bond Strength, and the Sustained Release of Fluoride by Chitosan-infused Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021; 14:254-257. [PMID: 34413602 PMCID: PMC8343670 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and objective To evaluate the adhesive bond strength, and sustained release of fluoride in chitosan (CH)-infused RMGIC. Materials and methods Twenty caries-free human permanent premolar teeth, extracted for orthodontic purposes, were cleaned and stored in thymol solution. The crown of each tooth was cut into two halves and RMGIC (n = 10) and CH-infused RMGIC (n = 10) was placed between the two halves of the crown. The tooth was then stored in 10 mL of artificial saliva for a period of 30 days. The fluoride levels of the saliva were checked on the 15th- and the 30th-day using ion chromatography. The adhesive bond strength was checked on the 30th day using a universal testing machine. Results This study has shown that the bond strength of RMGIC was not affected by the inclusion of CH in it. Whereas, the sustained fluoride release of CH-modified RMGIC indicated that the fluoride release of CH-RMGIC was 8.47% >RMGIC at the end of 15 days, and, 39.68% >RMGIC at the end of 30 days. Conclusion The inclusion of CH in RMGIC does not alter its bond strength, while it does cause a greater release of fluoride. Clinical significance In progression with these results, the inclusion of CH in RMGIC could provide desirable properties like mechanical reinforcement effects and catalytic effects on the fluoride release and growth factors. How to cite this article Patel A, Dhupar JKMS, Jajoo SS, et al. Evaluation of Adhesive Bond Strength, and the Sustained Release of Fluoride by Chitosan-infused Resin-modified Glass Ionomer Cement: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2021;14(2):254–257.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Patel
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Jashneet Kms Dhupar
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shweta S Jajoo
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Preetam Shah
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shweta Chaudhary
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth Dental College and Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Ranjani MS, Kavitha M, Venkatesh S. Comparative Evaluation of Osteogenic Potential of Conventional Glass-ionomer Cement with Chitosan-modified Glass-ionomer and Bioactive Glass-modified Glass-ionomer Cement An In vitro Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2021; 12:32-36. [PMID: 33967535 PMCID: PMC8092095 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_474_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the osteogenic potential of conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC) with chitosan-modified GIC (CH-GIC) and bioactive glass-modified GIC (BAG-GIC) as a function of time in varying proportions. Materials and Methods: CH-GIC was prepared by adding 10 v/v% (Group II) and 50 v/v% (Group III) CH to the commercial liquid of GIC. BAG-GIC was prepared by the addition of 10 wt% (Group IV) and 30 wt% (Group V) of BAG to the GIC powder. Conventional GIC was kept as Group I. Nine round-shaped samples measuring 2 mm thick and 5 mm in diameter were prepared for every experimental material. Human osteosarcoma cells were cultured and cell proliferation was assessed at 24, 48, and 72 h using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)- 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and cell differentiation was assessed at 7,14, and 21 days using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay. All experiments were done in triplicate. The data obtained were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc multiple comparisons at 0.05 level significance. Results: Cell culture studies showed a significant increase in proliferative activity and ALP activity in Group II, III, IV, and V than Group I at all-time intervals (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in osteogenic potential between CH-GIC and BAG-GIC groups. Conclusion: The osteogenic potential was significantly higher in CH-GIC and BAG-GIC compared to conventional GIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muthukrishnan Sudharshana Ranjani
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai below Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahendran Kavitha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai below Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Srinivasan Venkatesh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai below Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Antibacterial Bio-Based Polymers for Cranio-Maxillofacial Regeneration Applications. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10238371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cranio-maxillofacial structure is a region of particular interest in the field of regenerative medicine due to both its anatomical complexity and the numerous abnormalities affecting this area. However, this anatomical complexity is what makes possible the coexistence of different microbial ecosystems in the oral cavity and the maxillofacial region, contributing to the increased risk of bacterial infections. In this regard, different materials have been used for their application in this field. These materials can be obtained from natural and renewable feedstocks, or by synthetic routes with desired mechanical properties, biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity. Hence, in this review, we have focused on bio-based polymers which, by their own nature, by chemical modifications of their structure, or by their combination with other elements, provide a useful antibacterial activity as well as the suitable conditions for cranio-maxillofacial tissue regeneration. This approach has not been reviewed previously, and we have specifically arranged the content of this article according to the resulting material and its corresponding application; we review guided bone regeneration membranes, bone cements and devices and scaffolds for both soft and hard maxillofacial tissue regeneration, including hybrid scaffolds, dental implants, hydrogels and composites.
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Mulder R, Maboza E, Ahmed R. Streptococcus mutans Growth and Resultant Material Surface Roughness on Modified Glass Ionomers. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2020; 1:613384. [PMID: 35047988 PMCID: PMC8757809 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2020.613384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigate the optical density of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) at 450 nm (OD450 nm) as well as the change in surface roughness of three commercially available chitosan- and nanodiamond-modified glass ionomers. The results indicated that the optical density of S. mutans OD450 nm decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) from 0 h through 2–4 h for each of the control materials. The lowest S. mutans OD450 nm was noted for Fuji IX followed by Ketac Universal. Riva Self Cure had the largest increase in the S. mutans OD450 nm. The control materials and their chitosan/nanodiamond modifications showed significant growth at 6 h compare to the preceding time periods of 2 and 4 h. The materials Fuji IX, Fuji IX modified with 5% Nanodiamonds, Fuji IX modified with 10% Chitosan and Ketac Universal modified with 10% Chitosan performed the best with regard to the bacterial reduction. Only the chitosan modifications showed an increase in the surface roughness after 24 h of exposure to the S. mutans. The chitosan and the nanodiamond modifications provided the best disruption of the S. mutans biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riaan Mulder
- Restorative Dentistry, The University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Riaan Mulder
| | - Ernest Maboza
- Dental Research Laboratory, The University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Rukshana Ahmed
- Restorative Dentistry, The University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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Noori AJ, Kareem FA. The effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of glass-ionomer cement. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02568. [PMID: 31667407 PMCID: PMC6812241 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study examined the antibacterial and antibiofilm properties of conventional glass-ionomer cement (GIC) modified by the addition of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles. Materials and methods MgO nanoparticles were characterised by XRD, FTIR, and SEM analysis and tested for its activity against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. MgO nanoparticles were incorporated into GIC powder (Ketac Molar Easymix) at different concentrations and the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity was evaluated using agar disk diffusion and biofilm-CFU counting assays. ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc tests were used for the analysis, and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results MgO nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against both microorganisms (MIC = 500 μg/ml and MBC = 1000 μg/ml). A significant difference in the zones of inhibition was detected (p < 0.005). The effect was evident in the 2.5% MgO nanoparticle modified GIC while the CFU counting biofilm assay showed the effect of the added nanoparticles from 1% with a significant difference between the tested material groups (p < 0.005). Conclusions The MgO nanoparticle modified GIC showed effective antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against two cariogenic microorganisms and could be considered for further development as a biocompatible antibacterial dental restorative cement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arass Jalal Noori
- Department of Pedodontics, Orthodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq
| | - Fadil Abdullah Kareem
- Department of Pedodontics, Orthodontics and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Sulaimani, Sulaymaniyah, 46001, Iraq
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Zhou J, Xu Q, Fan C, Ren H, Xu S, Hu F, Wang L, Yang K, Ji Q. Characteristics of chitosan-modified glass ionomer cement and their effects on the adhesion and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts: an in vitro study. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:39. [PMID: 30840153 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6240-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study explores the possibility of adhering gingival tissue to a root surface that was restored with chitosan (CS)-modified glass ionomer cement (GIC) in the case of gingival recessions associated with root caries, which provides a theoretical basis for clinical application at the cellular level. The specimens were mixed after integrating 1, 2, and 4 wt% CS into the GIC fluid. The characteristics and cytocompatibility were then examined. As more CS was incorporated into the GIC fluid, the mechanical properties and cytocompatibility of chitosan-modified glass ionomer cement (CS-GIC) first improved but then reduced. Under scanning electron microscopy, microcracks were observed on the surface of all materials, but the fewest microcracks were observed on the surface of 2 wt% CS-GIC. The compressive strength of 2 wt% CS-GIC was significantly higher than that of the other groups at 5 days (P < 0.05) and the addition of chitosan didn't change the basic fracture mode of materials. Additionally, the integration 2 wt% CS into GIC can obviously reduce acidity of the original GIC (P < 0.01) when using extracts with concentrations of 100 and 50%. The Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and adhesion and proliferation of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) on the surface of the materials indicated that 2 wt% CS-GIC presented better cytocompatibility and was more suitable for the growth of HGFs. In summary, 2 wt% CS-GIC could be considered as a potential root filling material to allow the adhesion and growth of gingival tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Zhou
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16# Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Quanchen Xu
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16# Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chun Fan
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16# Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Ren
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16# Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16# Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16# Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16# Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Yang
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16# Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qiuxia Ji
- Department of Periodontology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, 16# Jiangsu Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
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